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Sunnee Billingsley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Second and Third Births in Armenia and Moldova: An Economic Perspective of Recent Behaviour and Current Preferences
European Journal of Population Revue européenne de Démographie, 2011Co-Authors: Sunnee BillingsleyAbstract:Little is known about fertility in Armenia and Moldova, the two countries that have both, according to national statistics, experienced very low levels of fertility during the dramatic Economic, social and political restructuring in the last two decades. This article fills this gap and explores recent fertility behaviour and current fertility preferences using 2005 Demographic and Health Survey data. Educational differences in fertility decline and the association between socioEconomic indicators and fertility preferences are considered from an Economic Perspective. Special emphasis is given to determining whether and how diverging Economic conditions in the two countries as well as crisis conditions may have influenced fertility. Second parity progression ratios (PPR) reveal a positive relationship between the degree of decline from 1990 to 2005 and education, whereas third PPR declines appear the greatest for women with both the lowest and highest education. In both countries, logistic regression results suggest that working women are more likely to want a second child, as well as want the child sooner university than later in Armenia, and the wealthiest women in Armenia have a higher odds of wanting a third child. Dual-jobless couples are less likely to want a second child in Moldova and more likely to postpone the next child in Armenia. These findings offer some insight into the shifts in fertility behaviour in these two post-Soviet countries and suggest that despite diverging Economic trajectories and a lessening commitment to the two-child norm in Moldova, determinants of fertility behaviour and preferences have remained similar in both countries. Il y a peu d’informations sur la fécondité en Arménie et en Moldavie, deux pays qui, selon leurs statistiques nationales, ont connu de très faibles niveaux de fécondité durant la spectaculaire restructuration économique, sociale et politique survenue au cours de ces deux dernières décennies. Cet article vise à combler ce vide et analyse les comportements de fécondité récents et les préférences actuelles de fécondité à partir de données de l’enquête démographique et de santé de 2005. Les différences de fécondité selon le niveau d’instruction et l’association entre les indicateurs socioéconomiques et les préférences en matière de fécondité sont étudiées sous un angle économique. Une attention particulière est apportée aux situations économiques divergentes des deux pays ainsi qu’aux caractéristiques de la crise afin de déterminer si ces deux facteurs ont pu influencer la fécondité et de quelle manière. Les probabilités d’agrandissement du premier au deuxième enfant montrent une relation positive entre l’ampleur du déclin entre 1990 et 2005 et le niveau d’instruction, alors que la diminution des probabilités d’agrandissement du deuxième au troisième enfant est la plus importante chez les femmes ayant le niveau d’instruction soit le plus faible, soit le plus élevé. Les résultats de régressions logistiques réalisées suggèrent que dans les deux pays les femmes qui travaillent sont plus disposées à vouloir un deuxième enfant, qu’en Arménie elles souhaitent avoir cet enfant plus tôt, et que les femmes les plus aisées en Arménie ont une probabilité plus élevée de vouloir un troisième enfant. Les couples de chômeurs sont moins disposés à vouloir un deuxième enfant en Moldavie et plus disposés à retarder la venue du prochain enfant en Arménie. Ces résultats donnent un aperçu des modifications des comportements de fécondité dans ces pays après la période soviétique et suggèrent qu’en dépit de trajectoires économiques différentes et d’une moindre adhésion à la norme de deux enfants en Moldavie, les déterminants des comportements et des préférences en matière de fécondité sont restés semblables dans les deux pays.
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Second and Third Births in Armenia and Moldova: An Economic Perspective of Recent Behaviour and Current Preferences
European Journal of Population Revue européenne de Démographie, 2011Co-Authors: Sunnee BillingsleyAbstract:Little is known about fertility in Armenia and Moldova, the two countries that have both, according to national statistics, experienced very low levels of fertility during the dramatic Economic, social and political restructuring in the last two decades. This article fills this gap and explores recent fertility behaviour and current fertility preferences using 2005 Demographic and Health Survey data. Educational differences in fertility decline and the association between socioEconomic indicators and fertility preferences are considered from an Economic Perspective. Special emphasis is given to determining whether and how diverging Economic conditions in the two countries as well as crisis conditions may have influenced fertility. Second parity progression ratios (PPR) reveal a positive relationship between the degree of decline from 1990 to 2005 and education, whereas third PPR declines appear the greatest for women with both the lowest and highest education. In both countries, logistic regression results suggest that working women are more likely to want a second child, as well as want the child sooner university than later in Armenia, and the wealthiest women in Armenia have a higher odds of wanting a third child. Dual-jobless couples are less likely to want a second child in Moldova and more likely to postpone the next child in Armenia. These findings offer some insight into the shifts in fertility behaviour in these two post-Soviet countries and suggest that despite diverging Economic trajectories and a lessening commitment to the two-child norm in Moldova, determinants of fertility behaviour and preferences have remained similar in both countries.
Sabine Campe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Application of fuzzy models to assess susceptibility to droughts from a socio-Economic Perspective
Regional Environmental Change, 2008Co-Authors: Lilibeth Acosta-michlik, Krishan Kumar, Richard J.t. Klein, Sabine CampeAbstract:Application of fuzzy models to assess susceptibility to droughts from a socio-Economic Perspective
Paulo A. L. D. Nunes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analysis and evaluation of ecosystem resilience: an Economic Perspective with an application to the Venice lagoon
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2006Co-Authors: Lucia Vergano, Paulo A. L. D. NunesAbstract:This paper focuses on the analysis and evaluation of resilience anchored in an Economic Perspective. Resilience, as well as most of the benefits provided by ecosystems, is not priced on current markets. However, this does not mean that resilience is of no value for humans. On the contrary, the interest of using an Economic Perspective, and the respective scientific methodology, will be put forward in terms of resilience relevance for ecosystem functioning, and its impact on human welfare. The Economic Perspective is anchored in an anthropocentric analysis evaluating resilience in terms of provision of natural capital benefits. These in turn are interpreted as insurance against the risk of ecosystem malfunctioning and the consequent interruption of the provision of goods and services to humans. For this analysis, we make use of a conceptual framework that identifies and describes the different value components of resilience. Finally, we present an illustration that discusses the Economic analysis of resilience benefits in the context of the Venice Lagoon.
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Analysis and Evaluation of Ecosystem Resilience: An Economic Perspective
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006Co-Authors: Lucia Vergano, Paulo A. L. D. NunesAbstract:This paper focuses on the analyses and evaluation of resilience anchored in an Economic Perspective. Resilience, as well as most of the benefits provided by ecosystems, is not priced on current markets. However, this does not mean that resilience is of no value for humans. On the contrary, the interest of using an Economic Perspective, and the respective scientific methodology, will be put forward in terms of resilience relevance for ecosystems' life and functioning, and its impact on human welfare. The Economic Perspective is anchored in an anthropocentric analysis meaning that resilience is evaluated in terms of provision of natural capital benefits. These, in turn, are interpreted as an insurance against the risk of ecosystem malfunctioning and the consequent interruption of the provision of goods and services to humans. For this analysis, we make use of a conceptual framework so as to identify and describe the different value components of resilience. Finally, we present an illustration that tackles the Economic analysis and discussion of resilience benefits in the context of the Venice Lagoon.
Tobias Stern - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Why Can We Make Anything from Lignin Except Money? Towards a Broader Economic Perspective in Lignin Research
Current Forestry Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Julia Wenger, Verena Haas, Tobias SternAbstract:Purpose of Review As a major component of wood, lignin is regarded as a promising, bio-based compound which could strongly influence the forest-based circular bioeconomy. Much research has been conducted on the material use of lignin, but the lignin commercialization process is still under development; few commercial production facilities and larger-scale applications are available. Therefore, we present a review of recent research papers on the Economic Perspectives on lignin. Recent Findings Research has been conducted on lignin application areas such as lignin-derived polymeric materials, polymer and composite systems, applications for microsized and nanosized lignin, energy storage, and renewable chemicals. On the whole, the life cycle assessment results indicate that lignin-based innovations can be environmentally beneficial. Techno-Economic studies identified the lignin feedstock cost and the achievable product price as the most sensitive factors. Recently, researchers pointed out information asymmetries between different stakeholder groups concerning lignin-containing products. Summary Although most of the relevant papers presented a technical Perspective of lignin, a smaller set of general Economic statements about lignin appear in these papers. These statements refer to lignin underutilization, limited markets, resource abundancy, and barriers to utilization. The literature on technical lignin with an Economic Perspective can be divided into two different streams: several techno-Economic papers and fewer socio-Economic papers. The former placed a primary focus on production processes from a profit maximization Perspective, but attempts were also made in the latter to explain the socio-technical innovation system. To date, lignin researchers have focused mainly on internal (direct) factors but have not yet sufficiently considered external (indirect) factors.
Antonis Targoutzidis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An investigation of the Economic Perspective in modeling occupational risk
Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 2010Co-Authors: Antonis TargoutzidisAbstract:The existing approaches to modeling occupational risk assume that the goals of the enterprise and the worker are identical and that they are served through a mutually optimal performance level. This paper aims to challenge this assumption and indicate the implications in the absence of it. This discussion is conducted by focusing on the Economic Perspective through the application of utility analysis in workplace risk. Different cases of employment status are examined with special reference to rational and biased decision‐making under uncertainty. This analysis does not offer a new alternative to risk modeling on its own, but it can offer some important insight into this process. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
