The Experts below are selected from a list of 12171 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maria T Santos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the pediatric quality appraisal questionnaire an instrument for evaluation of the pediatric health Economics Literature
Value in Health, 2003Co-Authors: Wendy J Ungar, Maria T SantosAbstract:Objectives: Currently there is no tool available to adequately appraise the quality of the pediatric health Economics Literature. A comprehensive pediatric-specific instrument would be valuable in informing allocation decisions related to pediatric interventions and services. The goal of this study was to develop the Pediatric Quality Appraisal Questionnaire (PQAQ). Methods: A draft instrument was constructed from published checklists and questionnaires. New questions pertaining to the pediatric population were incorporated. An expert panel reviewed the draft instrument and the proposed scoring scheme for face and content validity. A revised version was pilot tested by three independent appraisers. After addressing discrepancies in scores, a final version was created and subjected to interrater and test–retest reliability assessment. Results: The 57 items in the final PQAQ were mapped onto 14 domains: economic evaluation, comparators, target population, time horizon, perspective, costs and resource use, outcomes, quality of life, analysis, discounting, incremental analysis, sensitivity analysis, conflict of interest, and conclusions. Among the 57 items, 46 have response options that are scored from 0 to 1. Interrater reliability was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66– 0.81) and test–retest reliability was 0.92 (95% CI 0.71– 0.98). Conclusions: The PQAQ is a comprehensive instrument demonstrating face and content validity and strong interrater and test–retest reliability in the appraisal of pediatric economic evaluations. This tool will be valuable to health economists, methods researchers, and policy decision makers involved in allocation decisions for pediatric health care.
Charles H. Anderton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Survey of the Peace Economics Literature: Recent Key Contributions and a Comprehensive Coverage Up to 1992 (Part II)
Peace Economics Peace Science and Public Policy, 1999Co-Authors: Walter Isard, Charles H. AndertonAbstract:In this paper we wish to make generally available a comprehensive survey of the peace Economics Literature up to 1992, printed at that time in a very high-priced book unaffordable by most scholars and university and college libraries. This survey constitutes Part II of this paper. To this survey we wish to add contributions on certain topics of continuing major concern, and cover somewhat extensively new Literature on intra-national conflict, a subject which recently has become of critical, world-wide importance. These additions are in Part I of this paper.
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A SURVEY OF THE PEACE Economics Literature
Economics of Arms Reduction and the Peace Process, 1992Co-Authors: Walter Isard, Charles H. AndertonAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the compact survey of the main elements of thought in the Literature on peace Economics. The Literature on peace Economics is disorganized, appearing in diverse journals and books without adhering to any semblance of organization. To understand the operation of the world economy and most national economies, peaceful production and exchange ways of generating income and utility need to be complemented by appropriative-type ways and efforts. These efforts, associated with military expenditures, weaponry accumulation, and conflict that can lead to physical violence, are designed to secure resources of others or to defend against loss of resources to others. An explicit treatment of security as a variable addresses Hirshleifer's defense against invasion or appropriation by another nation (behaving unit) of one's resources. It less adequately addresses Hirshleifer's appropriative efforts to acquire resources, as acquisition and accumulation of power and other noneconomic commodities tend to loom much larger in governing such efforts. General conceptual frameworks need to be simplified and modified through the injection of assumptions, sometimes very strong, to yield magnitudes and directions of change of variables useful for projecting behavior, attacking problems, and identifying appropriate policies.
Frank Place - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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land tenure and agricultural productivity in africa a comparative analysis of the Economics Literature and recent policy strategies and reforms
World Development, 2009Co-Authors: Frank PlaceAbstract:Summary This paper examines the convergence and divergence of results from economic studies of the relationships between land tenure security and agricultural productivity in Africa and how these results have been incorporated into recent agricultural, poverty alleviation, and land policy documents. The paper finds that there are both areas of convergence and divergence in the Economics Literature. Similarly, the attention given to land tenure and its perceived effects on productivity varies considerably in the policy Literature. The significant heterogeneity in findings itself suggests that policy responses must pay attention to local context and the overarching macro and sectoral conditions within which tenure systems operate.
M. Zervos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A problem of stochastic impulse control with discretionary stopping
Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.00CH37187), 2000Co-Authors: K. Duckworth, M. ZervosAbstract:We consider a stochastic control problem that has emerged in the Economics Literature as an investment model under uncertainty. This problem combines some of the features of stochastic impulse control with optimal stopping. The aim is to discover the form of the optimal strategy. The results that we establish are of an explicit nature.
Miguel Urquiola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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school vouchers a survey of the Economics Literature
Journal of Economic Literature, 2017Co-Authors: Dennis Epple, Richard E Romano, Miguel UrquiolaAbstract:We review the theoretical, computational, and empirical research on school vouchers, with a focus on the latter. In this substantial body of work, many studies find insignificant effects of vouchers on educational outcomes; however, multiple positive findings support continued exploration. Specifically, the empirical research on small scale programs does not suggest that awarding students a voucher is a systematically reliable way to improve educational outcomes. Nevertheless, in some settings, or for some subgroups or outcomes, vouchers can have a substantial positive effect on those who use them. Studies of large scale voucher programs find student sorting as a result of their implementation, although of varying magnitude. Evidence on both small scale and large scale programs suggests that competition induced by vouchers leads public schools to improve. Moreover, research is making progress on understanding how vouchers may be designed to limit adverse effects from sorting while preserving positive effects related to competition. Finally, our sense is that work originating in a single case (e.g., a given country) or in a single research approach (e.g., experimental designs) will not provide a full understanding of voucher effects; fairly wide ranging empirical and theoretical work will be necessary to make progress.
