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Neil H. Shear - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Overview of Topical Antifungal Therapy in Dermatomycoses
Drugs, 1998Co-Authors: Aditya K. Gupta, Thomas R. Einarson, Richard C. Summerbell, Neil H. ShearAbstract:Dermatophytes cause fungal infections of keratinised tissues, e.g. skin, hair and nails. The organisms belong to 3 genera, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum. Dermatophytes may be grouped into 3 categories based on host preference and natural habitat. Anthropophilic species predominantly infect humans, geophilic species are soil based and may infect both humans and animals, zoophilic species generally infect non-human mammals. It is important to confirm mycologically the clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis and other tinea infections prior to commencing therapy. The identity of the fungal organism may provide guidance about the appropriateness of a given topical antifungal agent. Special techniques may be required to obtain the best yield of fungal organisms from a given site, especially the scalp and nails. It is also important to realise the limitations of certain diagnostic aids e.g., Wood’s light examination is positive in tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii (Ectothrix organisms); however, Wood’s light examination is negative in T. tonsurans (endothrix organism). Similarly, it is important to be aware that cicloheximide in culture medium will inhibit growth of non-dermatophytes. Appropriate media are therefore required to evaluate the growth of some significant non-dermatophyte moulds. For tinea infections other than tinea capitis and tinea unguium, topical antifungals may be considered. For effective therapy of tinea capitis an oral antifungal is generally necessary. Similarly, oral antifungals are the therapy of choice, especially if onychomycosis is moderate to severe. Furthermore, where the tinea infection involves a large area, in an immunocompromised host or if infection is recurrent with poor response to topical agents, then oral antifungal therapy may be necessary. Topical antifungal agents may be broadly divided into specific and nonspecific agents. The former group includes the polyenes, azoles, allylamines, amorolfine, ciclopirox and butenafine. Generally the topical agent is available as a cream, sometimes for use intravaginally. Less commonly, the formulation may be in the form of a powder, lacquer, spray, gel or solution. Many of these agents have a broad spectrum of activity, being effective against dermatophytes, yeasts and Malassezia furfur. For the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidosis, once or twice daily application may be required, the most common duration of therapy being 2 to 4 weeks. For tinea pedis the most common treatment duration is 4 to 6 weeks.
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An overview of topical antifungal therapy in dermatomycoses. A North American perspective.
Drugs, 1998Co-Authors: Aditya K. Gupta, Thomas R. Einarson, Richard C. Summerbell, Neil H. ShearAbstract:Dermatophytes cause fungal infections of keratinised tissues, e.g. skin, hair and nails. The organisms belong to 3 genera, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum. Dermatophytes may be grouped into 3 categories based on host preference and natural habitat. Anthropophilic species predominantly infect humans, geophilic species are soil based and may infect both humans and animals, zoophilic species generally infect non-human mammals. It is important to confirm mycologically the clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis and other tinea infections prior to commencing therapy. The identity of the fungal organism may provide guidance about the appropriateness of a given topical antifungal agent. Special techniques may be required to obtain the best yield of fungal organisms from a given site, especially the scalp and nails. It is also important to realise the limitations of certain diagnostic aids e.g., Wood’s light examination is positive in tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii (Ectothrix organisms); however, Wood’s light examination is negative in T. tonsurans (endothrix organism). Similarly, it is important to be aware that cicloheximide in culture medium will inhibit growth of non-dermatophytes. Appropriate media are therefore required to evaluate the growth of some significant non-dermatophyte moulds. For tinea infections other than tinea capitis and tinea unguium, topical antifungals may be considered. For effective therapy of tinea capitis an oral antifungal is generally necessary. Similarly, oral antifungals are the therapy of choice, especially if onychomycosis is moderate to severe. Furthermore, where the tinea infection involves a large area, in an immunocompromised host or if infection is recurrent with poor response to topical agents, then oral antifungal therapy may be necessary. Topical antifungal agents may be broadly divided into specific and nonspecific agents. The former group includes the polyenes, azoles, allylamines, amorolfine, ciclopirox and butenafine. Generally the topical agent is available as a cream, sometimes for use intravaginally. Less commonly, the formulation may be in the form of a powder, lacquer, spray, gel or solution. Many of these agents have a broad spectrum of activity, being effective against dermatophytes, yeasts and Malassezia furfur. For the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidosis, once or twice daily application may be required, the most common duration of therapy being 2 to 4 weeks. For tinea pedis the most common treatment duration is 4 to 6 weeks.
Carlos Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton rubrum in a 67-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1994Co-Authors: Anne T. Riordan, Carlos CohenAbstract:Trichophyton rubrum is the most common cause of tinea pedis, onychomycosis, tinea manuum, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis in the United States, 1-3 but it rarely causes tinea capitis in this country. l, 4 Tinea capitis caused by T. rubrum seldom invades hair. However, endothrix, Ectothrix, and rarely endoEctothrix infections can occur." Kerion formation has also been reported.v? Tinea capitis is uncommon in adults.' Dermatophytes causing tinea capitis in adults include Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton violaceum. Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and rarely Trichophyton rubrum.5, 8 Secretion of sebum and colonization by Pityrosporum orbiculare help to protect the scalp against invasion by dermatophytes.v!" When tinea capitis does occur in adults, it is most frequent in postmenopausal women.I We report a case of tinea capitis caused by T. rubrum in a 67-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We believe this chronic disease made her a susceptible target for this unusual dermatophytosis.
Aditya K. Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tinea capitis in kwa zulu natal south africa
Pediatric Dermatology, 2004Co-Authors: Nilesh Morar, Aditya K. Gupta, Ncoza C Dlova, Jamila AboobakerAbstract:: Tinea capitis is the most common dermatophyte infection in children. The hair involvement can be classified as endothrix, Ectothrix, or favus, and the clinical appearance is variable. The goal of this study was to determine the demography, etiology, and clinical patterns of tinea capitis in South Africa. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted over a 1-year period. All cases were classified clinically and subject to Wood light examination, microscopy, and culture. One hundred patients were studied. The male:female ratio was 1.4:1. The mean age was 4.6 years (range 1-11 years). Trichophyton violaceum was isolated in 90% of positive cultures. Wood light was positive in one patient with Microsporum gypseum. The most common clinical variety was the "black dot" type, seen in 50% of patients. Twenty percent of the children presented with more than one clinical type simultaneously. We concluded that the most common cause of tinea capitis in South Africa is T. violaceum. The presentation is variable.
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An Overview of Topical Antifungal Therapy in Dermatomycoses
Drugs, 1998Co-Authors: Aditya K. Gupta, Thomas R. Einarson, Richard C. Summerbell, Neil H. ShearAbstract:Dermatophytes cause fungal infections of keratinised tissues, e.g. skin, hair and nails. The organisms belong to 3 genera, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum. Dermatophytes may be grouped into 3 categories based on host preference and natural habitat. Anthropophilic species predominantly infect humans, geophilic species are soil based and may infect both humans and animals, zoophilic species generally infect non-human mammals. It is important to confirm mycologically the clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis and other tinea infections prior to commencing therapy. The identity of the fungal organism may provide guidance about the appropriateness of a given topical antifungal agent. Special techniques may be required to obtain the best yield of fungal organisms from a given site, especially the scalp and nails. It is also important to realise the limitations of certain diagnostic aids e.g., Wood’s light examination is positive in tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii (Ectothrix organisms); however, Wood’s light examination is negative in T. tonsurans (endothrix organism). Similarly, it is important to be aware that cicloheximide in culture medium will inhibit growth of non-dermatophytes. Appropriate media are therefore required to evaluate the growth of some significant non-dermatophyte moulds. For tinea infections other than tinea capitis and tinea unguium, topical antifungals may be considered. For effective therapy of tinea capitis an oral antifungal is generally necessary. Similarly, oral antifungals are the therapy of choice, especially if onychomycosis is moderate to severe. Furthermore, where the tinea infection involves a large area, in an immunocompromised host or if infection is recurrent with poor response to topical agents, then oral antifungal therapy may be necessary. Topical antifungal agents may be broadly divided into specific and nonspecific agents. The former group includes the polyenes, azoles, allylamines, amorolfine, ciclopirox and butenafine. Generally the topical agent is available as a cream, sometimes for use intravaginally. Less commonly, the formulation may be in the form of a powder, lacquer, spray, gel or solution. Many of these agents have a broad spectrum of activity, being effective against dermatophytes, yeasts and Malassezia furfur. For the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidosis, once or twice daily application may be required, the most common duration of therapy being 2 to 4 weeks. For tinea pedis the most common treatment duration is 4 to 6 weeks.
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An overview of topical antifungal therapy in dermatomycoses. A North American perspective.
Drugs, 1998Co-Authors: Aditya K. Gupta, Thomas R. Einarson, Richard C. Summerbell, Neil H. ShearAbstract:Dermatophytes cause fungal infections of keratinised tissues, e.g. skin, hair and nails. The organisms belong to 3 genera, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum. Dermatophytes may be grouped into 3 categories based on host preference and natural habitat. Anthropophilic species predominantly infect humans, geophilic species are soil based and may infect both humans and animals, zoophilic species generally infect non-human mammals. It is important to confirm mycologically the clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis and other tinea infections prior to commencing therapy. The identity of the fungal organism may provide guidance about the appropriateness of a given topical antifungal agent. Special techniques may be required to obtain the best yield of fungal organisms from a given site, especially the scalp and nails. It is also important to realise the limitations of certain diagnostic aids e.g., Wood’s light examination is positive in tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii (Ectothrix organisms); however, Wood’s light examination is negative in T. tonsurans (endothrix organism). Similarly, it is important to be aware that cicloheximide in culture medium will inhibit growth of non-dermatophytes. Appropriate media are therefore required to evaluate the growth of some significant non-dermatophyte moulds. For tinea infections other than tinea capitis and tinea unguium, topical antifungals may be considered. For effective therapy of tinea capitis an oral antifungal is generally necessary. Similarly, oral antifungals are the therapy of choice, especially if onychomycosis is moderate to severe. Furthermore, where the tinea infection involves a large area, in an immunocompromised host or if infection is recurrent with poor response to topical agents, then oral antifungal therapy may be necessary. Topical antifungal agents may be broadly divided into specific and nonspecific agents. The former group includes the polyenes, azoles, allylamines, amorolfine, ciclopirox and butenafine. Generally the topical agent is available as a cream, sometimes for use intravaginally. Less commonly, the formulation may be in the form of a powder, lacquer, spray, gel or solution. Many of these agents have a broad spectrum of activity, being effective against dermatophytes, yeasts and Malassezia furfur. For the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidosis, once or twice daily application may be required, the most common duration of therapy being 2 to 4 weeks. For tinea pedis the most common treatment duration is 4 to 6 weeks.
Larissa Nicchio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microepidemia de tinha do couro cabeludo por Microsporum canis em creche de Vitória - Espírito Santo (Brasil) Tinea capitis micro-epidemic by Microsporum canis in a day care center of Vitória - Espírito Santo (Brazil)
Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia, 2005Co-Authors: Thaiz Gava Rigoni Gürtler, Lucia Martins Diniz, Larissa NicchioAbstract:Tinha do couro cabeludo é infecção da pele e cabelos dessa área, causada pelos dermatófitos do gênero Microsporum e Trichophyton. Acomete preferencialmente crianças pré-escolares e escolares, devido ao maior contato com fontes de infecção. Os autores relatam uma microepidemia de tinha do couro cabeludo em 11 crianças de uma creche pública de Vitória (ES), entre dois e seis anos de idade, 61% do sexo masculino. Apresentavam lesões arredondadas, escamosas, tonsurantes, grandes e únicas, nas regiões frontal, occipital, parietal, e, em dois casos, o couro cabeludo estava difusamente acometido. Os micológicos diretos mostravam parasitismo tipo ectotrix, e 45,5% das culturas foram positivas para Microsporum canis, justificadas pela história de contato entre algumas crianças da creche e cães errantes pelo bairro.Tinea capitis of the scalp is an infection of the skin and hair of this area caused by the dermatophytes of the Microsporum and Trichophyton genus. It preferentially attacks pre-school and school children due to their greater contact with infection sources. The authors report a micro-epidemic of Tinea capitis of the scalp in 11 children of a day care center of Vitória (ES), between two and six years of age, 61% of masculine sex. They presented rounded, scaly lesions with tonsured hair, large and unique in the frontal, occipital and parietal regions. In two cases the scalp was diffusely attacked. The direct mycology showed parasitism of the Ectothrix type, and 45.5% of the cultures were positive for Microsporum canis, justified by the history of contact between some children of the day care center and stray dogs of the district
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Microepidemia de tinha do couro cabeludo por Microsporum canis em creche de Vitória - Espírito Santo (Brasil)
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 2005Co-Authors: Thaiz Gava Rigoni Gürtler, Lucia Martins Diniz, Larissa NicchioAbstract:Tinea capitis of the scalp is an infection of the skin and hair of this area caused by the dermatophytes of the Microsporum and Trichophyton genus. It preferentially attacks pre-school and school children due to their greater contact with infection sources. The authors report a micro-epidemic of Tinea capitis of the scalp in 11 children of a day care center of Vitoria (ES), between two and six years of age, 61% of masculine sex. They presented rounded, scaly lesions with tonsured hair, large and unique in the frontal, occipital and parietal regions. In two cases the scalp was diffusely attacked. The direct mycology showed parasitism of the Ectothrix type, and 45.5% of the cultures were positive for Microsporum canis, justified by the history of contact between some children of the day care center and stray dogs of the district.
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Tinea capitis micro-epidemic by Microsporum canis in a day care center of Vitória - Espírito
2005Co-Authors: Thaiz Gava Rigoni Gürtler, Lucia Martins Diniz, Larissa NicchioAbstract:3 Abstract: Tinea Capitis of the scalp is an infection of the skin and hair of this area caused by the dermatophytes of the Microsporum and Trichophyton genus. It preferentially attacks pre- school and school children due to their greater contact with infection sources. The authors report a micro-epidemic of Tinea Capitis of the scalp in 11 children of a day care center of Vitoria (ES), between two and six years of age, 61% of masculine sex. They presented round- ed, scaly lesions with tonsured hair, large and unique in the frontal, occipital and parietal regions. In two cases the scalp was diffusely attacked. The direct mycology showed parasitism of the Ectothrix type, and 45.5% of the cultures were positive for Microsporum canis, justified by the history of contact between some children of the day care center and stray dogs of the district.
Richard C. Summerbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tinea capitis an overview with emphasis on management
Pediatric Dermatology, 1999Co-Authors: F Aditya R C P K Gupta, Richard C. Summerbell, F.r.c.p. Sophie L. R. Hofstader, F Paul R C P AdamAbstract:: Tinea capitis is perhaps the most common mycotic infection in children. In North America the epidemiology of tinea capitis has changed so that Trichophyton tonsurans now predominates over Micro-sporum audouinii. With this transition the utility of the Wood's light for diagnosis has been reduced since T. tonsurans infection is Wood's light negative. Griseofulvin has been the mainstay of therapy for the last 40 years. The newer antifungal agents-itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole-appear to be effective and safe for the treatment of tinea capitis. When tinea capitis is due to T. tonsurans or other endothrix species the following regimens have been used: itraconazole continuous regimen (5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks), itraconazole pulse regimen with capsules (5 mg/kg/day for 1 week plus 1-3 pulses 3 weeks apart), and itraconazole pulse regimen with oral solution (3 mg/kg/day for 1 week plus 1-3 pulses 3 weeks apart). With terbinafine tablets the continuous regimen (>40 kg body weight, 250 mg/day; 20-40 kg, 125 mg/day; and <20 kg, 125 mg/day) is given for 2 to 4 weeks. Fluconazole tablets or oral suspension (6 mg/kg/day) were administered for 20 days in one trial. Another possibility may be 6 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks and evaluating the scalp 4 weeks later. An extra week of therapy (6 mg/kg/day) can be administered if clinically indicated at that time. A once-weekly regimen may also be effective. When Ectothrix organisms (e.g., Microsporum canis) are present, a longer duration of therapy may be required. The data suggest that the newer agents are effective, safe with few adverse effects, and have a high benefit:risk ratio. It remains to be seen to what extent griseofulvin will be superseded for the treatment of tinea capitis. Adjunctive therapies may help decrease the risk of infection to other individuals. Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the possibility of reinfection.
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An Overview of Topical Antifungal Therapy in Dermatomycoses
Drugs, 1998Co-Authors: Aditya K. Gupta, Thomas R. Einarson, Richard C. Summerbell, Neil H. ShearAbstract:Dermatophytes cause fungal infections of keratinised tissues, e.g. skin, hair and nails. The organisms belong to 3 genera, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum. Dermatophytes may be grouped into 3 categories based on host preference and natural habitat. Anthropophilic species predominantly infect humans, geophilic species are soil based and may infect both humans and animals, zoophilic species generally infect non-human mammals. It is important to confirm mycologically the clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis and other tinea infections prior to commencing therapy. The identity of the fungal organism may provide guidance about the appropriateness of a given topical antifungal agent. Special techniques may be required to obtain the best yield of fungal organisms from a given site, especially the scalp and nails. It is also important to realise the limitations of certain diagnostic aids e.g., Wood’s light examination is positive in tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii (Ectothrix organisms); however, Wood’s light examination is negative in T. tonsurans (endothrix organism). Similarly, it is important to be aware that cicloheximide in culture medium will inhibit growth of non-dermatophytes. Appropriate media are therefore required to evaluate the growth of some significant non-dermatophyte moulds. For tinea infections other than tinea capitis and tinea unguium, topical antifungals may be considered. For effective therapy of tinea capitis an oral antifungal is generally necessary. Similarly, oral antifungals are the therapy of choice, especially if onychomycosis is moderate to severe. Furthermore, where the tinea infection involves a large area, in an immunocompromised host or if infection is recurrent with poor response to topical agents, then oral antifungal therapy may be necessary. Topical antifungal agents may be broadly divided into specific and nonspecific agents. The former group includes the polyenes, azoles, allylamines, amorolfine, ciclopirox and butenafine. Generally the topical agent is available as a cream, sometimes for use intravaginally. Less commonly, the formulation may be in the form of a powder, lacquer, spray, gel or solution. Many of these agents have a broad spectrum of activity, being effective against dermatophytes, yeasts and Malassezia furfur. For the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidosis, once or twice daily application may be required, the most common duration of therapy being 2 to 4 weeks. For tinea pedis the most common treatment duration is 4 to 6 weeks.
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An overview of topical antifungal therapy in dermatomycoses. A North American perspective.
Drugs, 1998Co-Authors: Aditya K. Gupta, Thomas R. Einarson, Richard C. Summerbell, Neil H. ShearAbstract:Dermatophytes cause fungal infections of keratinised tissues, e.g. skin, hair and nails. The organisms belong to 3 genera, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton and Microsporum. Dermatophytes may be grouped into 3 categories based on host preference and natural habitat. Anthropophilic species predominantly infect humans, geophilic species are soil based and may infect both humans and animals, zoophilic species generally infect non-human mammals. It is important to confirm mycologically the clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis and other tinea infections prior to commencing therapy. The identity of the fungal organism may provide guidance about the appropriateness of a given topical antifungal agent. Special techniques may be required to obtain the best yield of fungal organisms from a given site, especially the scalp and nails. It is also important to realise the limitations of certain diagnostic aids e.g., Wood’s light examination is positive in tinea capitis due to M. canis and M. audouinii (Ectothrix organisms); however, Wood’s light examination is negative in T. tonsurans (endothrix organism). Similarly, it is important to be aware that cicloheximide in culture medium will inhibit growth of non-dermatophytes. Appropriate media are therefore required to evaluate the growth of some significant non-dermatophyte moulds. For tinea infections other than tinea capitis and tinea unguium, topical antifungals may be considered. For effective therapy of tinea capitis an oral antifungal is generally necessary. Similarly, oral antifungals are the therapy of choice, especially if onychomycosis is moderate to severe. Furthermore, where the tinea infection involves a large area, in an immunocompromised host or if infection is recurrent with poor response to topical agents, then oral antifungal therapy may be necessary. Topical antifungal agents may be broadly divided into specific and nonspecific agents. The former group includes the polyenes, azoles, allylamines, amorolfine, ciclopirox and butenafine. Generally the topical agent is available as a cream, sometimes for use intravaginally. Less commonly, the formulation may be in the form of a powder, lacquer, spray, gel or solution. Many of these agents have a broad spectrum of activity, being effective against dermatophytes, yeasts and Malassezia furfur. For the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidosis, once or twice daily application may be required, the most common duration of therapy being 2 to 4 weeks. For tinea pedis the most common treatment duration is 4 to 6 weeks.
