The Experts below are selected from a list of 373617 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Devi Stuart-fox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ornament size and colour as alternative strategies for Effective Communication in gliding lizards.
Journal of evolutionary biology, 2016Co-Authors: Danielle A. Klomp, Terry J. Ord, Indraneil Das, Arvin C. Diesmos, Norhayati Ahmad, Devi Stuart-foxAbstract:Sexual ornamentation needs to be conspicuous to be Effective in attracting potential mates and defending territories and indeed, a multitude of ways exists to achieve this. Two principal mechanisms for increasing conspicuousness are to increase the ornament's colour or brightness contrast against the background and to increase the size of the ornament. We assessed the relationship between the colour and size of the dewlap, a large extendible throat-fan, across a range of species of gliding lizards (Agamidae; genus Draco) from Malaysia and the Philippines. We found a negative relationship across species between colour contrast against the background and dewlap size in males, but not in females, suggesting that males of different species use increasing colour contrast and dewlap size as alternative strategies for Effective Communication. Male dewlap size also increases with increasing sexual size dimorphism, and dewlap colour and brightness contrast increase with increasing sexual dichromatism in colour and brightness, respectively, suggesting that sexual selection may act on both dewlap size and colour. We further found evidence that relative predation intensity, as measured from predator attacks on models placed in the field, may play a role in the choice of strategy (high chromatic contrast or large dewlap area) a species employs. More broadly, these results highlight that each component in a signal (such as colour or size) may be influenced by different selection pressures and that by assessing components individually, we can gain a greater understanding of the evolution of signal diversity.
Anthony T Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consensus statement on Effective Communication of urgent diagnoses and significant unexpected diagnoses in surgical pathology and cytopathology from the college of american pathologists and association of directors of anatomic and surgical pathology
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Raouf E Nakhleh, Jeffrey L Myers, Timothy Craig Allen, Barry R Deyoung, Patrick L Fitzgibbons, William K Funkhouser, Dina R Mody, Amy A A Lynn, Lisa A Fatheree, Anthony T SmithAbstract:Context.—Recognizing the difficulty in applying the concept of critical values to anatomic pathology diagnoses, the College of American Pathologists and the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology have chosen to reevaluate the concept of critical diagnoses. Objective.—To promote Effective Communication of urgent and significant, unexpected diagnoses in surgical pathology and cytology. Design.—A comprehensive literature search was conducted and reviewed by an expert panel. Results.—A policy of Effective Communication of important results in surgical pathology and cytology is desirable to enhance patient safety and to address multiple regulatory requirements. Conclusions.—Each institution should create its own policy regarding urgent diagnoses and significant, unexpected diagnoses in anatomic pathology. This policy should be separate from critical results or panic-value policies in clinical pathology, with the expectation of a different time frame for Communication. Urgent diagnosis is d...
Paul J. Yoder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differential treatment intensity research a missing link to creating optimally Effective Communication interventions
Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2007Co-Authors: Steven F Warren, Paul J. YoderAbstract:Research over the past 50 years has yielded several promising approaches and many specific intervention techniques designed to enhance the Communication and language development of young children with intellectual and developmental delays and disabilities. Yet virtually no systematic research has been conducted on the effects of different treatment intensities. We review how intervention intensity has been defined in the literature and propose a set of terms borrowed from medicine that are intended to capture the dynamic aspects of this concept as an aid to further investigation. On the basis of this approach, we propose four types of knowledge that can be generated through the systematic study of treatment intensity and discuss appropriate methods for investigating the effects of differential treatment intensities. We conclude with three recommendations for the field. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:70–77.
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differential treatment intensity research a missing link to creating optimally Effective Communication interventions
Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 2007Co-Authors: Steven F Warren, Marc E Fey, Paul J. YoderAbstract:Research over the past 50 years has yielded several promising approaches and many specific intervention techniques designed to enhance the Communication and language development of young children with intellectual and developmental delays and disabilities. Yet virtually no systematic research has been conducted on the effects of different treatment intensities. We review how intervention intensity has been defined in the literature and propose a set of terms borrowed from medicine that are intended to capture the dynamic aspects of this concept as an aid to further investigation. On the basis of this approach, we propose four types of knowledge that can be generated through the systematic study of treatment intensity and discuss appropriate methods for investigating the effects of differential treatment intensities. We conclude with three recommendations for the field.
Katherine D Kinzler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the exposure advantage early exposure to a multilingual environment promotes Effective Communication
Psychological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Samantha P Fan, Zoe Liberman, Boaz Keysar, Katherine D KinzlerAbstract:Early language exposure is essential to developing a formal language system, but may not be sufficient for communicating Effectively. To understand a speaker's intention, one must take the speaker's perspective. Multilingual exposure may promote Effective Communication by enhancing perspective taking. We tested children on a task that required perspective taking to interpret a speaker's intended meaning. Monolingual children failed to interpret the speaker's meaning dramatically more often than both bilingual children and children who were exposed to a multilingual environment but were not bilingual themselves. Children who were merely exposed to a second language performed as well as bilingual children, despite having lower executive-function scores. Thus, the communicative advantages demonstrated by the bilinguals may be social in origin, and not due to enhanced executive control. For millennia, multilingual exposure has been the norm. Our study shows that such an environment may facilitate the development of perspective-taking tools that are critical for Effective Communication.
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the exposure advantage early exposure to a multilingual environment promotes Effective Communication
Psychological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Zoe Liberman, Boaz Keysar, Katherine D KinzlerAbstract:Early language exposure is essential to developing a formal language system, but may not be sufficient for communicating Effectively. To understand a speaker’s intention, one must take the speaker’s perspective. Multilingual exposure may promote Effective Communication by enhancing perspective taking. We tested children on a task that required perspective taking to interpret a speaker’s intended meaning. Monolingual children failed to interpret the speaker’s meaning dramatically more often than both bilingual children and children who were exposed to a multilingual environment but were not bilingual themselves. Children who were merely exposed to a second language performed as well as bilingual children, despite having lower executive-function scores. Thus, the communicative advantages demonstrated by the bilinguals may be social in origin, and not due to enhanced executive control. For millennia, multilingual exposure has been the norm. Our study shows that such an environment may facilitate the developm...
Danielle A. Klomp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ornament size and colour as alternative strategies for Effective Communication in gliding lizards.
Journal of evolutionary biology, 2016Co-Authors: Danielle A. Klomp, Terry J. Ord, Indraneil Das, Arvin C. Diesmos, Norhayati Ahmad, Devi Stuart-foxAbstract:Sexual ornamentation needs to be conspicuous to be Effective in attracting potential mates and defending territories and indeed, a multitude of ways exists to achieve this. Two principal mechanisms for increasing conspicuousness are to increase the ornament's colour or brightness contrast against the background and to increase the size of the ornament. We assessed the relationship between the colour and size of the dewlap, a large extendible throat-fan, across a range of species of gliding lizards (Agamidae; genus Draco) from Malaysia and the Philippines. We found a negative relationship across species between colour contrast against the background and dewlap size in males, but not in females, suggesting that males of different species use increasing colour contrast and dewlap size as alternative strategies for Effective Communication. Male dewlap size also increases with increasing sexual size dimorphism, and dewlap colour and brightness contrast increase with increasing sexual dichromatism in colour and brightness, respectively, suggesting that sexual selection may act on both dewlap size and colour. We further found evidence that relative predation intensity, as measured from predator attacks on models placed in the field, may play a role in the choice of strategy (high chromatic contrast or large dewlap area) a species employs. More broadly, these results highlight that each component in a signal (such as colour or size) may be influenced by different selection pressures and that by assessing components individually, we can gain a greater understanding of the evolution of signal diversity.