The Experts below are selected from a list of 18 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Laurence J. Walsh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From an assessment of multiple chelators, clodronate has potential for use in continuous chelation.
International Endodontic Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Patricia P. Wright, Crystal Cooper, Bill Kahler, Laurence J. WalshAbstract:Aim: To identify chelators which when mixed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are stable, exhibiting minimal loss of free available chlorine (FAC) over 80 min and to further investigate potential mixtures by assessing FAC over 18 h and the capacity to remove smear layer. Methodology: 0.25 mol L−1 EDTA (10%), 0.25 mol L−1 EGTA (Egtazic Acid), 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA (cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic Acid), 0.25 mol L−1 DTPA (pentetic Acid), 0.5 mol L−1 ATMP (aminotri(methylene phosphonic Acid)) and 1 mol L−1 HPAA, (hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid), all at alkaline pH, were mixed equally with 5% NaOCl. 0.5 mol L−1 alkaline clodronate and 0.5 mol L−1 Na4etidronate (15%) were mixed equally with 10% NaOCl. For all mixtures, the pH and temperature were measured over 80 min and additionally for the clodronate mixture over 18 h. Iodometric titration was used to measure the FAC of all mixtures except for HPAA. The following were compared with respect to their ability to remove smear layer: 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl and the sequences 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. The area fraction occupied by open dentinal tubules as a percentage of the total area (% AF) from scanning electron microscopy micrographs was calculated using Image J. The results were statistically analysed with alpha set at 0.05. Results: Compared to its control, the mixture 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl lost no FAC over 18 h (P > 0.05). The FAC of 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA mixed with 5% NaOCl fell to 96%, 92%, 75% and 4.9% at 20, 40, 60 and 80 min, respectively. Temperature rises were observed in all cases except in the etidronate and clodronate mixtures. Only in the clodronate mixture did the pH remain above pH 12 for the whole experiment. Although smear layer was removed, the % AF in 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl was less than for 0.5 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. Conclusion: Alkaline 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate mixed equally with 10% NaOCl has potential for use in continuous chelation, based on this assessment of stability and smear layer removal. Further research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety.
Patricia P. Wright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From an assessment of multiple chelators, clodronate has potential for use in continuous chelation.
International Endodontic Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Patricia P. Wright, Crystal Cooper, Bill Kahler, Laurence J. WalshAbstract:Aim: To identify chelators which when mixed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are stable, exhibiting minimal loss of free available chlorine (FAC) over 80 min and to further investigate potential mixtures by assessing FAC over 18 h and the capacity to remove smear layer. Methodology: 0.25 mol L−1 EDTA (10%), 0.25 mol L−1 EGTA (Egtazic Acid), 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA (cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic Acid), 0.25 mol L−1 DTPA (pentetic Acid), 0.5 mol L−1 ATMP (aminotri(methylene phosphonic Acid)) and 1 mol L−1 HPAA, (hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid), all at alkaline pH, were mixed equally with 5% NaOCl. 0.5 mol L−1 alkaline clodronate and 0.5 mol L−1 Na4etidronate (15%) were mixed equally with 10% NaOCl. For all mixtures, the pH and temperature were measured over 80 min and additionally for the clodronate mixture over 18 h. Iodometric titration was used to measure the FAC of all mixtures except for HPAA. The following were compared with respect to their ability to remove smear layer: 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl and the sequences 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. The area fraction occupied by open dentinal tubules as a percentage of the total area (% AF) from scanning electron microscopy micrographs was calculated using Image J. The results were statistically analysed with alpha set at 0.05. Results: Compared to its control, the mixture 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl lost no FAC over 18 h (P > 0.05). The FAC of 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA mixed with 5% NaOCl fell to 96%, 92%, 75% and 4.9% at 20, 40, 60 and 80 min, respectively. Temperature rises were observed in all cases except in the etidronate and clodronate mixtures. Only in the clodronate mixture did the pH remain above pH 12 for the whole experiment. Although smear layer was removed, the % AF in 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl was less than for 0.5 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. Conclusion: Alkaline 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate mixed equally with 10% NaOCl has potential for use in continuous chelation, based on this assessment of stability and smear layer removal. Further research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety.
Muthupandian Ashokkumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of biohydrogen production potential of fragmented sugar industry biosludge using ultrasonication coupled with Egtazic Acid
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021Co-Authors: A Sethupathy, Paturi Syam Kumar, P Sivashanmugam, C Arun, Rajesh J Banu, Muthupandian AshokkumarAbstract:Abstract In this study, the influence of ultrasonication (USN) combined with Egtazic Acid fragmentation method on sugar industry waste (SWS) sludge was studied for improving biohydrogen production. Initially, USN method was proceeded by varying power and fragmentation time. At an optimal power (115 W) and fragmentation time (30 min), USN method demanded 23,000 kJ/kg TS specific energy for achieving 15.2% complex organics solubilization rate (COR). To further upsurge of SWS sludge solubilization, USN assisted with Egtazic Acid (USNEG) method was performed by varying fragmentation time and Egtazic Acid dosage at an optimal power (115 W). USNEG method has achieved more COR (23%) at minimum specific energy of 11,500 kJ/kg TS (fragmentation time: 15 min and EGTA dosage: 0.03 g/g TS). Then, biohydrogen potential (BHP) assay was investigated in which USNEG method has obtained higher biohydrogen production. Also, energy analysis revealed that USNEG method exhibited an energy ratio of 1.78.
Crystal Cooper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From an assessment of multiple chelators, clodronate has potential for use in continuous chelation.
International Endodontic Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Patricia P. Wright, Crystal Cooper, Bill Kahler, Laurence J. WalshAbstract:Aim: To identify chelators which when mixed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are stable, exhibiting minimal loss of free available chlorine (FAC) over 80 min and to further investigate potential mixtures by assessing FAC over 18 h and the capacity to remove smear layer. Methodology: 0.25 mol L−1 EDTA (10%), 0.25 mol L−1 EGTA (Egtazic Acid), 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA (cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic Acid), 0.25 mol L−1 DTPA (pentetic Acid), 0.5 mol L−1 ATMP (aminotri(methylene phosphonic Acid)) and 1 mol L−1 HPAA, (hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid), all at alkaline pH, were mixed equally with 5% NaOCl. 0.5 mol L−1 alkaline clodronate and 0.5 mol L−1 Na4etidronate (15%) were mixed equally with 10% NaOCl. For all mixtures, the pH and temperature were measured over 80 min and additionally for the clodronate mixture over 18 h. Iodometric titration was used to measure the FAC of all mixtures except for HPAA. The following were compared with respect to their ability to remove smear layer: 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl and the sequences 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. The area fraction occupied by open dentinal tubules as a percentage of the total area (% AF) from scanning electron microscopy micrographs was calculated using Image J. The results were statistically analysed with alpha set at 0.05. Results: Compared to its control, the mixture 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl lost no FAC over 18 h (P > 0.05). The FAC of 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA mixed with 5% NaOCl fell to 96%, 92%, 75% and 4.9% at 20, 40, 60 and 80 min, respectively. Temperature rises were observed in all cases except in the etidronate and clodronate mixtures. Only in the clodronate mixture did the pH remain above pH 12 for the whole experiment. Although smear layer was removed, the % AF in 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl was less than for 0.5 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. Conclusion: Alkaline 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate mixed equally with 10% NaOCl has potential for use in continuous chelation, based on this assessment of stability and smear layer removal. Further research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety.
Bill Kahler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From an assessment of multiple chelators, clodronate has potential for use in continuous chelation.
International Endodontic Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Patricia P. Wright, Crystal Cooper, Bill Kahler, Laurence J. WalshAbstract:Aim: To identify chelators which when mixed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are stable, exhibiting minimal loss of free available chlorine (FAC) over 80 min and to further investigate potential mixtures by assessing FAC over 18 h and the capacity to remove smear layer. Methodology: 0.25 mol L−1 EDTA (10%), 0.25 mol L−1 EGTA (Egtazic Acid), 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA (cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic Acid), 0.25 mol L−1 DTPA (pentetic Acid), 0.5 mol L−1 ATMP (aminotri(methylene phosphonic Acid)) and 1 mol L−1 HPAA, (hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid), all at alkaline pH, were mixed equally with 5% NaOCl. 0.5 mol L−1 alkaline clodronate and 0.5 mol L−1 Na4etidronate (15%) were mixed equally with 10% NaOCl. For all mixtures, the pH and temperature were measured over 80 min and additionally for the clodronate mixture over 18 h. Iodometric titration was used to measure the FAC of all mixtures except for HPAA. The following were compared with respect to their ability to remove smear layer: 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl and the sequences 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. The area fraction occupied by open dentinal tubules as a percentage of the total area (% AF) from scanning electron microscopy micrographs was calculated using Image J. The results were statistically analysed with alpha set at 0.05. Results: Compared to its control, the mixture 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl lost no FAC over 18 h (P > 0.05). The FAC of 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA mixed with 5% NaOCl fell to 96%, 92%, 75% and 4.9% at 20, 40, 60 and 80 min, respectively. Temperature rises were observed in all cases except in the etidronate and clodronate mixtures. Only in the clodronate mixture did the pH remain above pH 12 for the whole experiment. Although smear layer was removed, the % AF in 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl was less than for 0.5 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. Conclusion: Alkaline 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate mixed equally with 10% NaOCl has potential for use in continuous chelation, based on this assessment of stability and smear layer removal. Further research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety.