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Jürgen W. Einax - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Flood Water Conditions Based on Cluster Analysis, Principle Components Analysis, and Source Apportionment
CLEAN - Soil Air Water, 2012Co-Authors: Martina Baborowski, Vasil Simeonov, Jürgen W. EinaxAbstract:An assessment of water quality measurements during a spring flood in the Elbe River is presented. Daily samples were taken at a site in the middle Elbe, which is part of the network of the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe River (IKSE/MKOL). Cluster analysis (CA), principal components analysis (PCA), and source apportionment (APCS apportioning) were used to assess the flood-dependent matter transport. As a result, three main components could be extracted as important to the matter transport in the Elbe River basin during flood events: (i) re-suspended contaminated sediments, which led to temporarily increased concentrations of suspended matter and of most of the investigated heavy metals; (ii) water discharge related concentrations of pedogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM) as well as preliminary diluted concentrations of uranium and chloride, parameters with stable pollution background in the River basin; and (iii) abandoned mines, i.e., their dewatering systems, with particular influence on nickel, manganese, and zinc concentrations.
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Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Low Water Conditions Based on Factor Analysis
CLEAN - Soil Air Water, 2011Co-Authors: Martina Baborowski, Olaf Büttner, Jürgen W. EinaxAbstract:An assessment of water quality measurements during a long-lasting low water period in the Elbe River is presented. Weekly samples were taken from May to December 2003 at a sampling site in the middle part of the Elbe River. For multivariate data analysis, 34 parameters of 46 samplings were considered. As a result of this analysis, 78% of the variance of the data set is explained by five factors. They can be assigned to the following latent variables: season (37.5%) > tributaries (12.7%) > re-suspension (10.4%) > discharge (9.4%) > complexation (8.5%). For the investigated sampling site, two key processes were identified as dominating factors on the water quality during low water conditions. First, seasonal phytoplankton development caused changes in redox conditions with consequences for re-solution of pollutants from sediments. Second, tributaries have a higher impact on the main stream, due to changes in mixing processes. Therefore, in addition to flood investigations, monitoring strategies, and management plans should be developed in order to survey changes in water quality during low water conditions.
Martina Baborowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Flood Water Conditions Based on Cluster Analysis, Principle Components Analysis, and Source Apportionment
CLEAN - Soil Air Water, 2012Co-Authors: Martina Baborowski, Vasil Simeonov, Jürgen W. EinaxAbstract:An assessment of water quality measurements during a spring flood in the Elbe River is presented. Daily samples were taken at a site in the middle Elbe, which is part of the network of the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe River (IKSE/MKOL). Cluster analysis (CA), principal components analysis (PCA), and source apportionment (APCS apportioning) were used to assess the flood-dependent matter transport. As a result, three main components could be extracted as important to the matter transport in the Elbe River basin during flood events: (i) re-suspended contaminated sediments, which led to temporarily increased concentrations of suspended matter and of most of the investigated heavy metals; (ii) water discharge related concentrations of pedogenic dissolved organic matter (DOM) as well as preliminary diluted concentrations of uranium and chloride, parameters with stable pollution background in the River basin; and (iii) abandoned mines, i.e., their dewatering systems, with particular influence on nickel, manganese, and zinc concentrations.
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Assessment of Water Quality in the Elbe River at Low Water Conditions Based on Factor Analysis
CLEAN - Soil Air Water, 2011Co-Authors: Martina Baborowski, Olaf Büttner, Jürgen W. EinaxAbstract:An assessment of water quality measurements during a long-lasting low water period in the Elbe River is presented. Weekly samples were taken from May to December 2003 at a sampling site in the middle part of the Elbe River. For multivariate data analysis, 34 parameters of 46 samplings were considered. As a result of this analysis, 78% of the variance of the data set is explained by five factors. They can be assigned to the following latent variables: season (37.5%) > tributaries (12.7%) > re-suspension (10.4%) > discharge (9.4%) > complexation (8.5%). For the investigated sampling site, two key processes were identified as dominating factors on the water quality during low water conditions. First, seasonal phytoplankton development caused changes in redox conditions with consequences for re-solution of pollutants from sediments. Second, tributaries have a higher impact on the main stream, due to changes in mixing processes. Therefore, in addition to flood investigations, monitoring strategies, and management plans should be developed in order to survey changes in water quality during low water conditions.
Kay Emeis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dissolved and particulate reactive nitrogen in the Elbe River/NW Europe: a 2-yr N-isotope study
Biogeosciences, 2011Co-Authors: T. Schlarbaum, Kirsten Dähnke, Kay EmeisAbstract:Abstract. Rivers collect and transport reactive nitrogen to coastal seas as nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), or particulate nitrogen. DON is an important component of reactive nitrogen in Rivers and is suspected to contribute to coastal eutrophication, but little is known about seasonality of DON loads and turnover within Rivers. We measured the concentrations and the isotope ratios 15N/14N of combined DON + NH4+ (δ15DON + NH4+), nitrate (δ15N − NO3−) and particulate nitrogen (δ15PN) in the non-tidal Elbe River (SE North Sea, NW Europe) over a period of 2 yr (June 2005 to December 2007) at monthly resolution. Combined DON + NH4+ concentrations ranged from 22 to 75 μM and comprised nearly 23% of total dissolved nitrogen in the Elbe River in annual mean; PN and nitrate concentrations ranged from 11 to 127 μM, and 33 to 422 μM, respectively. Combined PN and DON + NH4+ concentrations were, to a first approximation, inversely correlated to nitrate concentrations. δ15DON + NH4+, which varied between from 0.8‰ to 11.5‰, changed in parallel to δ15PN (range 6 to 10‰), and both were anti-correlated to δ15N − NO3− (range 6 to 23‰). Seasonal patterns of DON + NH4+ concentrations and δ15DON + NH4+ diverge from those expected from biological DON + NH4+ production in the River alone and suggest that the elution of organic fertilisers significantly affects the DON + NH4+ pool in the Elbe River.
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Dissolved and particulate reactive nitrogen in the Elbe River/NW Europe: a 2-year N-isotope study
Biogeosciences Discussions, 2010Co-Authors: T. Schlarbaum, Kirsten Dähnke, Kay EmeisAbstract:Abstract. Rivers collect and transport reactive nitrogen to coastal seas as nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), or particulate nitrogen. DON is an important component of reactive nitrogen in Rivers and is suspected to contribute to coastal eutrophication, but little is known about seasonality of DON loads and turnover within Rivers. We measured the concentrations and the isotope ratios 15N/14N of combined DON+NH4+ (δ15DON+NH4+), nitrate (δ15N−NO3−) and particulate nitrogen (δ15PN) in the non-tidal Elbe River (SE North Sea, NW Europe) over a period of 2 years (June 2005 to December 2007) at monthly resolution. Combined DON+NH4+ concentrations ranged from 22 to 75 μM and comprised nearly 23% of total dissolved nitrogen in the Elbe River in annual mean; PN and nitrate concentrations ranged from 11 to 127 μM, and 33 to 422 μM, respectively. Combined PN and DON+NH4+ concentrations were, to a first approximation, inversely correlated to nitrate concentrations. δ15DON+NH4+, which varied between from 0.8‰ to 11.5‰, changed in parallel to δ15PN (range 6 to 10‰), and both were anti-correlated to δ15N−NO3− (range 6 to 23‰). Seasonal patterns of DON+NH4+ concentrations and δ15DON+NH4+ diverge from those expected from biological DON+NH4+ production in the River alone and suggest that the elution of organic fertilisers significantly affects the DON+NH4+ pool in the Elbe River.
Barbara Hudec - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Geochemical characterization of suspended matter and sediment samples from the Elbe River by EPXMA
Water Research, 1994Co-Authors: Annick Van Put, René Van Grieken, Rolf-dieter Wilken, Barbara HudecAbstract:Abstract A 2-fold research was conducted on samples from the Elbe River in West Germany. One objective of the study was to estimate to what extent marine solids are transported upstream and to evaluate the origin and behaviour of the sediments. In addition, we hoped to acquire a better insight about the impact of a major discharge event and of the Hamburg harbour on the composition of the suspended particulate matter. Two different kinds of samples were studied by single particle analysis using an automated electron microprobe to pursue these objectives: sediment samples from a longitudinal profile collected in 1986 and suspended matter samples from a maximum peak flow discharge event in 1988.
Valentina Krysanova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modeling Climate and Management Change Impacts on Water Quality and In-Stream Processes in the Elbe River Basin
Water, 2016Co-Authors: Cornelia Hesse, Valentina KrysanovaAbstract:Eco-hydrological water quality modeling for integrated water resources management of River basins should include all necessary landscape and in-stream nutrient processes as well as possible changes in boundary conditions and driving forces for nutrient behavior in watersheds. The study aims to assess possible impacts of the changing climate (ENSEMBLES climate scenarios) and/or land use conditions on resulting River water quantity and quality in the large-scale Elbe River basin by applying a semi-distributed watershed model of intermediate complexity (SWIM) with implemented in-stream nutrient (N+P) turnover and algal growth processes. The calibration and validation results revealed the ability of SWIM to satisfactorily simulate nutrient behavior at the watershed scale. Analysis of 19 climate scenarios for the whole Elbe River basin showed a projected increase in temperature (+3 °C) and precipitation (+57 mm) on average until the end of the century, causing diverse changes in River discharge (+20%), nutrient loads (NO3-N: −5%; NH4-N: −24%; PO4-P: +5%), phytoplankton biomass (−4%) and dissolved oxygen concentration (−5%) in the watershed. In addition, some changes in land use and nutrient management were tested in order to reduce nutrient emissions to the River network.
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Case Study 2: Integrated Ecohydrological Analysis of a Temperate Developed Region: The Elbe River Basin in Central Europe
Vegetation Water Humans and the Climate, 2004Co-Authors: Valentina Krysanova, Alfred Becker, Frank WechsungAbstract:During the last decade integrated studies of the impacts of global change on the environment and society have been initiated in the Elbe River basin (Becker et al. 1999b; Krysanova et al. 1999a). The Elbe basin Covers large parts of the Czech Republic and Eastern Germany. The Elbe River has a total length of 1092 km, a drainage area of 148 268 km2, and about 25 million human inhabitants. About two-thirds of the drainage basin is in Germany (our case study area — Fig. D.72) and one-third in the Czech Republic. Many tributaries of the Elbe River are controlled by dams and weirs whereas the Elbe mainstream in Germany is in a semi-natural State. The most downstream reaches of the Elbe (last 140 km) are affected by tides. Since large portions of the basin are located in the temperate zone under 1000 m elevation, the River discharge is characterised by winter and spring high water.