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Murat Tunc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mass analysis of an Electric Arc furnace eaf at a steel company in turkey
Metallurgist, 2012Co-Authors: Murat Tunc, Ünal ̈ Çamdali, G ArasilAbstract:The production of steel of desired composition is realized as a result of bringing some of the elements to the desired amounts after a series of chemical reactions occurring at different velocities between the elements or compounds at high temperatures and adding alloy materials for the other elements needed in the composition. The steel production process in an Electric Arc furnace can be defined in the following order: scrap charge, melting, oxidation, reduction, alloying, deoxidization, casting, and preparation of the furnace. In this study, a mass analysis is accomplished for an Electric Arc furnace at a steel company in Turkey. In order to make the mass balance, firstly all materials that are entering the system are calculated on a chemical component basis. The necessary information was provided from an iron and steel producing company. The results of the mass analysis are presented at the end of the study.
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Exergy analysis and efficiency in an industrial AC Electric Arc furnace
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2003Co-Authors: Ünal ̈ Çamdali, Murat TuncAbstract:Abstract In this study, the steel production process in the AC Electric Arc furnace (EAF) is discussed and an exergy analysis has been undertaken for the EAF with scrap preheating for an alloyed steel producer in Turkey. Exergy analysis has been employed to obtain optimum design parameters and operation conditions. In this work; obtained results are compared with measured values and previous literature.
D Venkateswaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cementitious and pozzolanic behavior of Electric Arc furnace steel slags
Cement and Concrete Research, 2009Co-Authors: Luckman Muhmood, Satish Vitta, D VenkateswaranAbstract:The cementitious and pozzolanic behavior of Electric Arc furnace steel slag, both as received and treated has been studied in detail. The as received slag was completely crystalline and multi-phasic with Fe-substituted monticellite as the predominant phase. Treatment of this slag, remelting and water quenching, results in reduction of Fe-oxide content coupled with an increase in basicity index which makes it more hydraulic compared to the as received slag. The remelted slag has several phases with merwinite as the dominant phase. Thermal analysis of the hydrated slag shows that treating the as received slag increases the water absorption capacity, a property essential for cementitious behavior. Compression strength of the slag blended cements was studied and it was found that substitution of 20% ground granulated blast furnace slag with Electric Arc furnace steel slag does not decrease the strength beyond 28 days. The control cement has a strength of 58.6 MPa compared to 58 MPa for the cement comprising of 20% untreated slag. The substitution of this untreated slag with treated slag exhibits the highest strength, 61 MPa and a potential for further strength increase after 28 days. In the case of cement mix with no blast furnace slag, substitution of 15% clinker with steel slag does not decrease the strength significantly, 64.4 MPa compared to 66.5 MPa for the control cement. Substituting 30% clinker in the cement mix with Electric Arc furnace slag however results in significant decrease in strength, 53.4 MPa. The pozzolanic strength of the slag was found to increase significantly due to remelting from 2.0 MPa for the as received slag to 8.0 MPa for the treated slag.
Fabritius T. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cyanide recombination in Electric Arc furnace plasma
'IOP Publishing', 2021Co-Authors: Pauna H., Willms T., Aula M., Echterhof T., Huttula M., Fabritius T.Abstract:Abstract Cyanide, among with NOₓ, CO₂, and CO, is one of the adverse compounds that form in the ironmaking and steelmaking industry. High-temperature processes are suitable environments for cyanide formation, and cyanide can form as a result of recombination in Electric Arc plasma. Even though the cyanides might not survive e.g. the post-combustion process, understanding the formation mechanisms of hazardous materials in the steelmaking industry is important. In this work, the recombination of cyanide in a pilot-scale AC Electric Arc furnace is studied with optical emissions from the CN molecule. The results show how the optical emissions from the cyanide change in different process steps. Electric input, plasma temperature, and interaction of the Arc with solid charge material were observed to have an impact on the CN signal. Additionally, equilibrium composition computation highlights how different sources of carbon change the recombination rate and that the highest recombination occurs at 6821 K
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Toward on-line slag composition analysis:optical emissions from laboratory Electric Arc
Springer Nature, 2021Co-Authors: Pauna H., Aula M., Huttula M., Tuomela A., Turunen P., Fabritius T.Abstract:Abstract Electric Arc furnaces and ladle furnaces have an important role in the future of steelmaking where CO₂ emissions have to be mitigated to an acceptable level. One way to address this goal is to optimize and improve the current practices by adjusting the chemistry and reactions with material additions or gas injections. These procedures would greatly benefit from on-line slag composition analysis. Since the Electric Arcs radiate throughout the melting, optical emission spectroscopy is a potential method for such analysis. In this study, optical emissions from the Electric Arc are measured in a laboratory environment. Dozens of atomic emission lines were correlated with Cr₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, MnO, MgO, CaO, CaF₂, V₂O₅, and Ni content of the slag together with correlation between CaF₂ and molecular optical emission bands of CaF. Optimal spectral resolution for industrial applications was deducted to be between 0.022 and 0.179 nm
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Optical emission spectroscopy as an online analysis method in industrial Electric Arc furnaces
'Wiley', 2020Co-Authors: Pauna H., Aula M., Huttula M., Seehausen J., Klung J.-s., Fabritius T.Abstract:Abstract The development of online analysis methods for industrial Electric Arc furnaces (EAFs) has been a major reseArch topic in recent years. Process control becomes even more important in the future due to the increase in both the usage of recycled metal as charge material and the metal recycling rate. For the industry to keep up with the pace, reliable chemical analysis of the slag together with online information about the furnace operation status is essential. Herein, optical emission spectroscopy is used to obtain the information about the Electric Arc together with radiative properties and surface temperature of the molten bath in an industrial EAF. The Arc is visible for high alloyed steel grades within 5–30 min before tapping and the Arc spectra are dominated by the optical emissions from the slag components. The plasma properties of the Electric Arc are determined with emission lines from atomic chromium, iron, and calcium. The time evolution of the spectra for high alloyed and carbon steel grades are compared with each other to provide a better understanding of the differences in the spectra between these two steel grades
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Pilot-scale AC Electric Arc furnace plasma characterization
'IOP Publishing', 2019Co-Authors: Pauna H., Willms T., Aula M., Echterhof T., Huttula M., Fabritius T.Abstract:Abstract Fundamental knowledge of the Electric Arc properties is important for the development of process control of Electric Arc furnaces. In this work, a pilot-scale AC Electric Arc has been studied with optical emission spectroscopy together with filtered camera footage. The properties of the Arcs were determined with plasma diagnostics and image analysis in order to obtain both the characteristic plasma parameters and the physical form of the Arc. The plasma temperatures, ranging from 4500 to 9000 K, were derived individually for three elements. The electron densities of the plasma were between 10¹⁸ and 10²⁰ cm⁻³ and fulfilled the local thermal equilibrium criterion, but the plasma temperatures derived from atomic emission lines for different elements had high and unpredictable differences. The properties of the Electric Arcs have been studied with respect to the Arc length derived from the image analysis. The slag composition, especially the relative FeO content of over 30%, was observed to have a notable effect on the brightness of the Arc on slag and thus also on the radiative heat transfer
Jorge Augusto Pereira Ceratti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electric Arc furnace steel slag base material for low volume roads
Transportation Research Record, 2003Co-Authors: Luciana Rohde, Washington Peres Nunez, Jorge Augusto Pereira CerattiAbstract:The results of a study of the use of Electric furnace slag as pavement aggregates are presented. Slag is generated as waste during steel production in industrial plants that use Electric Arc furnaces. Tests for the following were carried out to determine the characteristics of the aggregate: grain size distribution, soundness, Los Angeles abrasion, compaction, California bearing ratio, resilient modulus, and expansion. To use the slag as a granular layer, its grain size distribution had to be corrected. This procedure increased the bearing capacity and workability of the material. Evaluation of the expansion potential showed that the slag must be stocked in the open air for at least 4 months before it can be used in pavement construction. After correction of the gradation, the slag presented a resilient modulus that exceeded those of traditional granular materials; its use resulted in thinner and cheaper pavements. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the use of Electric Arc furnace slag as...
Ünal ̈ Çamdali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mass analysis of an Electric Arc furnace eaf at a steel company in turkey
Metallurgist, 2012Co-Authors: Murat Tunc, Ünal ̈ Çamdali, G ArasilAbstract:The production of steel of desired composition is realized as a result of bringing some of the elements to the desired amounts after a series of chemical reactions occurring at different velocities between the elements or compounds at high temperatures and adding alloy materials for the other elements needed in the composition. The steel production process in an Electric Arc furnace can be defined in the following order: scrap charge, melting, oxidation, reduction, alloying, deoxidization, casting, and preparation of the furnace. In this study, a mass analysis is accomplished for an Electric Arc furnace at a steel company in Turkey. In order to make the mass balance, firstly all materials that are entering the system are calculated on a chemical component basis. The necessary information was provided from an iron and steel producing company. The results of the mass analysis are presented at the end of the study.
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Exergy analysis and efficiency in an industrial AC Electric Arc furnace
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2003Co-Authors: Ünal ̈ Çamdali, Murat TuncAbstract:Abstract In this study, the steel production process in the AC Electric Arc furnace (EAF) is discussed and an exergy analysis has been undertaken for the EAF with scrap preheating for an alloyed steel producer in Turkey. Exergy analysis has been employed to obtain optimum design parameters and operation conditions. In this work; obtained results are compared with measured values and previous literature.