The Experts below are selected from a list of 1242 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
C. Garcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Elephants Also Like Coffee: Trends and Drivers of Human–Elephant Conflicts in Coffee Agroforestry Landscapes of Kodagu, Western Ghats, India
Environmental Management, 2011Co-Authors: P. Bal, C. Nath, K. Nanaya, C. Kushalappa, C. GarciaAbstract:Kodagu district produces 2% of the world’s coffee, in complex, multistoried agroforestry systems. The forests of the district harbour a large population of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). The combined effects of high elephant density and major landscape changes due to the expansion of coffee cultivation are the cause of human–elephant conflicts (HEC). Mitigation strategies, including Electric Fences and compensation schemes implemented by the Forest Department have met with limited success. Building on previous studies in the area, we assessed current spatial and temporal trends of conflict, analysed local stakeholders’ perceptions and identified factors driving elephants into the estates. Our study, initiated in May 2007, shows that the intensity of HEC has increased over the last 10 years, exhibiting new seasonal patterns. Conflict maps and the lack of correlation between physical features of the coffee plantations and elephant visits suggest elephants move along corridors between the eastern and western forests of the district, opportunistically foraging when crossing the plantations. Dung analyses indicate elephants have selectively included ripe coffee berries in their diet. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of wild elephants feeding on coffee berries. If this new behaviour spreads through the population, it will compound an already severe conflict situation. The behavioural plasticity, the multiplicity of stakeholders involved, the difficulty in defining the problem and the limits of technical solutions already proposed suggest that HEC in Kodagu has the ingredients of a ‘‘wicked’’ problem whose resolution will require more shared understanding and problem solving work amongst the stakeholders.
Julien Eidenschenck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing restocking methods for an endangered species effects of predator exclusion and vegetation cover on common hamster cricetus cricetus survival and reproduction
Biological Conservation, 2013Co-Authors: Anne Villemey, Aurelien Besnard, Jimmy Grandadam, Julien EidenschenckAbstract:Animal restocking is a widely used conservation tool to restore relict populations of endangered species. However, success of such operations is often low due to poor short-term survival and experimental evidence is required to improve restocking results. We tested the impact of different release conditions on survival and reproduction of captive bred common hamsters (Cricetus cricetus L. 1758), a highly endangered species in Western Europe. As predation plays a determinant role for released hamsters, especially during the first days after restocking, we performed two release experiments intending to reduce mortality: we tested (1) the efficiency of terrestrial predator proof Electric Fences and (2) the impact of improved shelter availability. We assessed both survival rate and reproductive success by radiotracking 70 hamsters between release date and the end of their aboveground active period. Reducing contact between released animals and predators thanks to Electric Fences had a strong positive impact on hamsters’ survival and allowed them to have enough time to reproduce. It also appeared that release of hamsters was more efficient in wheat crop than in alfalfa. As expected, wheat harvest, inducing a sudden lack of shelter, negatively impacted restocking success. Finally, lifetime after release affected the number of litters per female and varied with individual characteristics: it decreased with burrow change frequency and was slightly lower for males. We conclude that Electric Fences associated with permanent well-developed vegetative cover like unharvested wheat seem to be suitable for releasing hamsters.
P. Bal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Elephants Also Like Coffee: Trends and Drivers of Human–Elephant Conflicts in Coffee Agroforestry Landscapes of Kodagu, Western Ghats, India
Environmental Management, 2011Co-Authors: P. Bal, C. Nath, K. Nanaya, C. Kushalappa, C. GarciaAbstract:Kodagu district produces 2% of the world’s coffee, in complex, multistoried agroforestry systems. The forests of the district harbour a large population of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). The combined effects of high elephant density and major landscape changes due to the expansion of coffee cultivation are the cause of human–elephant conflicts (HEC). Mitigation strategies, including Electric Fences and compensation schemes implemented by the Forest Department have met with limited success. Building on previous studies in the area, we assessed current spatial and temporal trends of conflict, analysed local stakeholders’ perceptions and identified factors driving elephants into the estates. Our study, initiated in May 2007, shows that the intensity of HEC has increased over the last 10 years, exhibiting new seasonal patterns. Conflict maps and the lack of correlation between physical features of the coffee plantations and elephant visits suggest elephants move along corridors between the eastern and western forests of the district, opportunistically foraging when crossing the plantations. Dung analyses indicate elephants have selectively included ripe coffee berries in their diet. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of wild elephants feeding on coffee berries. If this new behaviour spreads through the population, it will compound an already severe conflict situation. The behavioural plasticity, the multiplicity of stakeholders involved, the difficulty in defining the problem and the limits of technical solutions already proposed suggest that HEC in Kodagu has the ingredients of a ‘‘wicked’’ problem whose resolution will require more shared understanding and problem solving work amongst the stakeholders.
Ahimsa Camposarceiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a cost effective approach to mitigate conflict between ranchers and large predators a case study with jaguars in the mayan forest
Biological Conservation, 2021Co-Authors: Antonio J De La Torre, Gamaliel Camacho, Paulina Arroyogerala, Ivonne Cassaigne, Marina Rivero, Ahimsa CamposarceizAbstract:Abstract Conflicts between humans and large carnivores are exacerbated in poor rural areas where people's livelihood depends on livestock ranching. Here we present a pseudo-experimental and co-participatory approach to test the effectiveness of a program to mitigate conflicts with jaguars (Panthera onca) in Mexico's Mayan Forest. We worked with eleven ranchers with a recent history of livestock predation by jaguars to codesign, implement, and evaluate changes in their husbandry practices intended to reduce the risk of predation and to increase livestock productivity. We used four parameters to evaluate the effectiveness of the program and found that (1) the use of Electric Fences and night enclosures greatly reduced the rate of predation on the livestock; (2) the cost of building such protection infrastructure was financially offset by the lack of losses to predation; (3) the application of more science-based husbandry practices led to an overall increase in livestock productivity; and (4) jaguar presence in at least seven of the eleven ranches, showing that the lack of predation was not due to jaguar absence. Our neat results show that conflict between local communities and large carnivores can be largely mitigated through ranchers' capacity building and applying evidence-based husbandry techniques. This approach leads to win-win situations for both jaguars and the local communities and hence can be scaled up to promote coexistence between people and large carnivores in the Mayan Forest and elsewhere.
Eduardo Koehler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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POULTRY PREDATION BY Leopardus wiedii AND Leopardus tigrinus (CARNIVORA:FELIDAE) IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
2013Co-Authors: Fernando Rodrigo Tortato, Marcos Adriano Tortato, Eduardo KoehlerAbstract:Abstract Although the predation of domestic and wild birds in captivity by Leopardus wiedii and L. tigrinus is known, it is poorly documented. This paper presents six predation records involving several poultry species. All records occurred near forest fragments in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The small cats are effective predators, and can kill poultry equaling their own weight or greater. Poorly protected enclosures near forest fragments promote predation cases. Keeping poultry away from forested areas in enclosures with Electric Fences are recommended to prevent attacks by small wild cats. Key words : control measures, domestic birds, Gallus domesticus , predation, wild cats. Depredacion de aves domesticas por Leopardus wiedii y Leopardus tigrinus (Carnivora: Felidae) en el sur de Brasil Resumen La depredacion de aves domesticas en cautiverio por Leopardus wiedii y L. tigrinus se conoce, pero esta mal documentada. Este estudio presenta seis eventos de depredacion que involucran varias especies de aves. Estos gatos silvestres son muy efectivos en su caceria y pueden depredar aves de corral de su mismo y de mayor tamano. Los recintos mal protegidos cerca de los fragmentos de bosque podrian promover los casos de depredacion. La medida recomendada para prevenir ataques causados por felinos silvestres es mantener a las aves de corral fuera de las zonas boscosas en recintos equipados con cercas Electricas. Palabras Clave : aves de corral, depredacion, felinos silvestres, Gallus domesticus, medidas de control
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Short communication POULTRY PREDATION BY Leopardus wiedii AND Leopardus tigrinus (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL
2013Co-Authors: Fernando Rodrigo Tortato, Marcos Adriano Tortato, Eduardo KoehlerAbstract:Although the predation of domestic and wild birds in captivity by Leopardus wiedii and L. tigrinus is known, it is poorly documented. This paper presents six predation records involving several poultry species. All records occurred near forest fragments in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. The small cats are effective predators, and can kill poultry equaling their own weight or greater. Poorly protected enclosures near forest fragments promote predation cases. Keeping poultry away from forested areas in enclosures with Electric Fences are recommended to prevent attacks by small wild cats.