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  • 7 – Physical Security Elements
    Integrated Security Systems Design, 2014
    Co-Authors: Thomas Norman
    Abstract:

    Chapter 7 covers the Hardware that make electronic security systems interface with the physical world. These include doors, frames, Electrified locks, vehicle portal control mechanisms, and other physical barriers. Physical security is the most basic countermeasure and one of the most effective. In fact, electronic security systems have no real benefit without these elements. This chapter includes information on basic physical security and basic physical security skills and tools including doors, frames, locks and Hardware, and egress and security issues related to those. Door Hardware includes the bits and pieces that hang the door in the frame and adapt it to its operating environment. These include hinges and pivots, handles, levers, push bars and paddles, door closers and door coordinators, and automatic door operators. Door frame types include hollow metal, formed aluminum, extruded aluminum, wood, and frameless glass openings. Specialty frames include high-security frames and blast and soundproof frames. Occupancy ratings determine what kind of doors must be used, the widths of corridors, the types of door frames, and the appropriate door Hardware. Pedestrian gates are the openings in fences and buildings that are not intended to defend against the weather. Pedestrian gates include chain-link gates, estate-type gates, and reinforced frame gates. Common Electrified locks include Electrified mortise locks, magnetic locks, strikes, and Electrified Panic Hardware. Push to exit buttons or Panic bar switches should be used with all magnetic locks, in addition to any other automatic unlocking exit method. All Electrified locks should use an interface to the building’s fire alarm system to ensure that locks are unlocked automatically in the event of a fire in the building, thus ensuring free egress. Delayed egress Hardware provides for securing an exit door against improper use while ensuring that it is available for exit during an emergency. For all Electrified locks, fire authority approval is required. Local codes vary, so the designer should know the local interpretation of national and state codes and any local codes. Electrified Panic Hardware ensures that high-volume exit doors can function in an emergency while providing access control. Specialty door Hardware includes monitor strikes, Blumcraft Hardware, and HiTower locks. Other specialty locks include high-security locks, such as high-abuse locks, Electrified dead bolts, and four-point Electrified locks. Locks to avoid include Electrified cylinder locks and lightweight strikes. NFPA Section 101 is the primary reference for life safety regulations and should be known by all security system designers. It is a good rule of thumb to design Electrified locks for use with no special knowledge and free mechanical egress.

  • Electronics Elements (Detailed Discussion)
    Integrated Security Systems Design, 2007
    Co-Authors: Thomas Norman
    Abstract:

    The basics of alarm/access control systems include identification (ID) devices. Keypads can be simple or complex, the most advanced of which scrambles the numbers for each use and limits the view of adjacent users. The card reader types include magnetic stripe, Wiegand, passive and active proximity, and smart cards. Many organizations use multi-technology cards that allow the user to access various facilities, each of which may require a different card technology. Access cards are commonly used with photo ID systems such that the access card and ID together form the credential. Photo ID cards help identify the users by sight, showing what areas they have access to and displaying their photo, name, and department. Other devices include locks, door position switches, and request to exit devices. Common Electrified lock types include Electrified strikes, Electrified mortise locks, magnetic locks, Electrified Panic Hardware, and specialty locks. The door and gate position switches can be either surface mounted or concealed.