The Experts below are selected from a list of 13689 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S Gammino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source plasma characterization by energy dispersive x ray imaging
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: R Racz, A. Galatà, D Mascali, S Biri, Claudia Caliri, G Castro, S Gammino, L Neri, J Palinkas, Francesco RomanoAbstract:Pinhole and CCD based quasi-optical x-ray imaging technique was applied to investigate the plasma of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source (ECRIS). Spectrally integrated and energy resolved images were taken from an axial perspective. The comparison of integrated images taken of argon plasma highlights the structural changes affected by some ECRIS setting parameters, like strength of the axial magnetic confinement, RF frequency and microwave power. Photon counting analysis gives precise intensity distribution of the x-ray emitted by the argon plasma and by the plasma chamber walls. This advanced technique points out that the spatial positions of the Electron losses are strongly determined by the kinetic energy of the Electrons themselves to be lost and also shows evidences how strongly the plasma distribution is affected by slight changes in the RF frequency.
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microwave to plasma coupling in Electron Cyclotron Resonance and microwave ion sources invited
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2010Co-Authors: L. Celona, S Gammino, G Ciavola, F Maimone, D MascaliAbstract:Coupling improvements between microwaves and plasmas are a key factor to design more powerful Electron Cyclotron Resonance and microwave ion sources. On this purpose different activities have been undertaken by the INFN-LNS ion source team and a new approach was developed. Recent experiments confirmed the simulations, demonstrating that even in presence of a dense plasma, resonant modes are excited inside the cavity and the plasma dynamics depends on their structure. An overview of the coupling issues on microwave ion sources is also given along with a discussion on alternative coupling techniques.
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the Electron Cyclotron Resonance coupled to laser ion source for charge state enhancement experiment production of high intensity ion beams by means of a hybrid ion source
Journal of Applied Physics, 2004Co-Authors: S Gammino, L. Celona, L Torrisi, G Ciavola, L Ando, S Manciagli, J Krasa, L Laska, M Pfeifer, K RohlenaAbstract:The experiment concerning the ECLISSE method (ECR ion source coupled to a laser ion source for charge state enhancement) has been carried out by coupling a laser ion source (LIS) to the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance source (SERSE) Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source with the goal to obtain intense beams of highly charged ions (cw or pulsed mode) from metal samples, especially from refractory elements. The coupling efficiency of the ion beam produced by the LIS with the ECR plasma was remarkable and the measured beam intensities were quite high. The maximum charge states, obtained with a good reproducibility, were 38+ for Ta and 41+ for Au. The highest current was obtained for 25+ and 28+ for Ta and Au ions, respectively, and it was in both cases of the order of some tens of microampere, i.e., higher than the current obtained from SERSE with other methods (i.e., evaporation and sputtering). The ion beam stability and reproducibility were both acceptable. The possibility to get a fu...
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18 ghz upgrading of the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source serse
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1999Co-Authors: S Gammino, L. Celona, G Ciavola, M Castro, F Chines, S MarlettaAbstract:The superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source SERSE of INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud has been recently upgraded with an 18 GHz generator which takes the place of the 14.5 GHz generator, used up to now. In order to further extend the validation of high B mode to higher frequency, some comparative tests have also been carried out, aimed at understanding the role of the magnetic field and frequency on the ion yield at higher levels than were ever done before. The results at the frequencies of 14.5 and 18 GHz are compared and the trend already observed elsewhere is here confirmed. Preliminary observations of the “two frequency heating” have contributed to increase further the currents of the highest charge states.The superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source SERSE of INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud has been recently upgraded with an 18 GHz generator which takes the place of the 14.5 GHz generator, used up to now. In order to further extend the validation of high B mode to higher frequency, some comparative tests have also been carried out, aimed at understanding the role of the magnetic field and frequency on the ion yield at higher levels than were ever done before. The results at the frequencies of 14.5 and 18 GHz are compared and the trend already observed elsewhere is here confirmed. Preliminary observations of the “two frequency heating” have contributed to increase further the currents of the highest charge states.
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the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance 6 4 ghz high b mode and frequency scaling in Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion sources abstract a
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1994Co-Authors: T A Antaya, S GamminoAbstract:We would like to present the initial results and description of the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source (SCECR) operating in the high‐B mode—a new high magnetic field, low‐frequency mode of operation. First, we describe the operating characteristics of this mode, which include very high mirror confinement in all directions, yet having a minimum field low enough for Electron Cyclotron Resonance heating of 6.4 GHz. The source performance for oxygen, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon is presented and comparisons are made with several existing high‐performance ECR sources. In this high‐B mode the SCECR matches or exceeds the performance of all existing ECR sources. These results perhaps invalidate the classical frequency squared source performance scaling law, and suggest the new possibility of high‐performance, low‐frequency (and hence low cost) sources as will be discussed.
L. Celona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source plasma characterization by x ray spectroscopy and x ray imaging
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016Co-Authors: D Mascali, L. Celona, R Racz, S Biri, Claudia Caliri, G Castro, L Neri, J Palinkas, Francesco Romano, G TorrisiAbstract:An experimental campaign aiming to investigate Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) plasma X-ray emission has been recently carried out at the ECRISs-Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources laboratory of Atomki based on a collaboration between the Debrecen and Catania ECR teams. In a first series, the X-ray spectroscopy was performed through silicon drift detectors and high purity germanium detectors, characterizing the volumetric plasma emission. The on-purpose developed collimation system was suitable for direct plasma density evaluation, performed "on-line" during beam extraction and charge state distribution characterization. A campaign for correlating the plasma density and temperature with the output charge states and the beam intensity for different pumping wave frequencies, different magnetic field profiles, and single-gas/gas-mixing configurations was carried out. The results reveal a surprisingly very good agreement between warm-Electron density fluctuations, output beam currents, and the calculated electromagnetic modal density of the plasma chamber. A charge-coupled device camera coupled to a small pin-hole allowing X-ray imaging was installed and numerous X-ray photos were taken in order to study the peculiarities of the ECRIS plasma structure.
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Prospects for advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance and Electron beam ion source charge breeding methods for EURISOL
2011Co-Authors: P. Delahaye, A. Galatà, J. Angot, G. Ban, L. Celona, J. Choinski, P. Gmaj, A. Jakubowski, P. Jardin, T. KalvasAbstract:As the most ambitious concept of isotope separation on line (ISOL) facility, EURISOL aims at producing unprecedented intensities of post-accelerated radioactive isotopes. Charge breeding, which transforms the charge state of radioactive beams from 1+ to an n+ charge state prior to postacceleration, is a key technology which has to overcome the following challenges: high charge states for high energies, efficiency, rapidity and purity. On the roadmap to EURISOL, a dedicated R&D is being undertaken to push forward the frontiers of the present state-of-the-art techniques which use either Electron Cyclotron Resonance or Electron beam ion sources. We describe here the guidelines of this R&D.
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microwave to plasma coupling in Electron Cyclotron Resonance and microwave ion sources invited
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2010Co-Authors: L. Celona, S Gammino, G Ciavola, F Maimone, D MascaliAbstract:Coupling improvements between microwaves and plasmas are a key factor to design more powerful Electron Cyclotron Resonance and microwave ion sources. On this purpose different activities have been undertaken by the INFN-LNS ion source team and a new approach was developed. Recent experiments confirmed the simulations, demonstrating that even in presence of a dense plasma, resonant modes are excited inside the cavity and the plasma dynamics depends on their structure. An overview of the coupling issues on microwave ion sources is also given along with a discussion on alternative coupling techniques.
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the Electron Cyclotron Resonance coupled to laser ion source for charge state enhancement experiment production of high intensity ion beams by means of a hybrid ion source
Journal of Applied Physics, 2004Co-Authors: S Gammino, L. Celona, L Torrisi, G Ciavola, L Ando, S Manciagli, J Krasa, L Laska, M Pfeifer, K RohlenaAbstract:The experiment concerning the ECLISSE method (ECR ion source coupled to a laser ion source for charge state enhancement) has been carried out by coupling a laser ion source (LIS) to the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance source (SERSE) Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source with the goal to obtain intense beams of highly charged ions (cw or pulsed mode) from metal samples, especially from refractory elements. The coupling efficiency of the ion beam produced by the LIS with the ECR plasma was remarkable and the measured beam intensities were quite high. The maximum charge states, obtained with a good reproducibility, were 38+ for Ta and 41+ for Au. The highest current was obtained for 25+ and 28+ for Ta and Au ions, respectively, and it was in both cases of the order of some tens of microampere, i.e., higher than the current obtained from SERSE with other methods (i.e., evaporation and sputtering). The ion beam stability and reproducibility were both acceptable. The possibility to get a fu...
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18 ghz upgrading of the superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source serse
Review of Scientific Instruments, 1999Co-Authors: S Gammino, L. Celona, G Ciavola, M Castro, F Chines, S MarlettaAbstract:The superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source SERSE of INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud has been recently upgraded with an 18 GHz generator which takes the place of the 14.5 GHz generator, used up to now. In order to further extend the validation of high B mode to higher frequency, some comparative tests have also been carried out, aimed at understanding the role of the magnetic field and frequency on the ion yield at higher levels than were ever done before. The results at the frequencies of 14.5 and 18 GHz are compared and the trend already observed elsewhere is here confirmed. Preliminary observations of the “two frequency heating” have contributed to increase further the currents of the highest charge states.The superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source SERSE of INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud has been recently upgraded with an 18 GHz generator which takes the place of the 14.5 GHz generator, used up to now. In order to further extend the validation of high B mode to higher frequency, some comparative tests have also been carried out, aimed at understanding the role of the magnetic field and frequency on the ion yield at higher levels than were ever done before. The results at the frequencies of 14.5 and 18 GHz are compared and the trend already observed elsewhere is here confirmed. Preliminary observations of the “two frequency heating” have contributed to increase further the currents of the highest charge states.
Fuming Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electron Cyclotron Resonance plasma assisted reactive pulsed laser deposition of compound films
Journal of Materials Research, 2002Co-Authors: Jiada Wu, Zhifeng Ying, H Ling, Fuming LiAbstract:A novel method was developed for low-temperature preparation of thin films. Pulsed laser ablation was combined with Electron Cyclotron Resonance microwave discharge, constituting a novel hybrid film preparation method called Electron Cyclotron Resonance plasma-assisted reactive pulsed laser deposition. We demonstrated the feasibility of the method by preparing compound films of silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, and aluminum nitride from elemental starting materials. The mechanisms responsible for efficient compound formation and film growth are discussed, together with characterization of the prepared films, analysis of the plasma composition, and comparison of the films prepared with and without assistance of the plasma. The unique features of the method make it suitable for one-step preparation of compound thin films at low temperatures.
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low temperature synthesis of aln films through Electron Cyclotron Resonance plasma aided reactive pulsed laser deposition
Applied Physics A, 2001Co-Authors: Jiada Wu, Zhifeng Ying, Z Y Zhou, K L Wang, X M Ding, Fuming LiAbstract:Combination of pulsed laser ablation with Electron Cyclotron Resonance microwave discharge was demonstrated for a novel method for low-temperature thin film growth. Aluminum nitride thin films were synthesized on silicon substrates at temperatures below 80 °C by means of reactive pulsed laser deposition in nitrogen plasma generated from the Electron Cyclotron Resonance discharge. The synthesized films show a very smooth surface and were found to have a stoichiometric AlN composition. X-ray photoElectron spectroscopy analysis evidenced the formation of aluminum nitride compound. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the characteristic phonon modes of AlN. The AlN films were observed to be highly transparent in the visible and near-IR regions and have a sharp absorption edge near 190 nm. The band gap of the synthesized AlN films was determined to be 5.7 eV. The mechanisms responsible for the low-temperature film synthesis are also discussed in the paper. The nitrogen plasma facilitates the nitride formation and enhances the film growth.
H W Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source parameters on high energy Electrons
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2020Co-Authors: J W Guo, Denis Hitz, X Z Zhang, Y. C. Feng, L T Sun, Wei Zhang, H Y Zhao, H W ZhaoAbstract:In order to diagnose the Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) plasma, a high-efficiency collimation system has been developed at the Institute of Modern Physics, and the bremsstrahlung spectra in the range of 10 keV-300 keV were measured on a third generation superconducting ECR ion source, SECRAL-II, with a CdTe detector. Used as a comparative index of the mean energy of the high energy Electron population, the spectral temperature, Ts, is derived through a linear fitting of the spectra in a semi-logarithmic representation. The influences of some main source parameters, such as the neutral gas pressure, extraction voltage, microwave power, and bias disk voltage, on the high energy Electrons are systemically investigated.
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intense highly charged ion beam production and operation with a superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source
Physical review accelerators and beams, 2017Co-Authors: H W Zhao, Denis Hitz, X Z Zhang, L T Sun, J W Guo, D Z Xie, Y YangAbstract:Author(s): Zhao, HW; Sun, LT; Guo, JW; Lu, W; Xie, DZ; Hitz, D; Zhang, XZ; Yang, Y | Abstract: The superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source with advanced design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) is a superconducting-magnet-based Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source (ECRIS) for the production of intense highly charged heavy ion beams. It is one of the best performing ECRISs worldwide and the first superconducting ECRIS built with an innovative magnet to generate a high strength minimum-B field for operation with heating microwaves up to 24-28 GHz. Since its commissioning in 2005, SECRAL has so far produced a good number of continuous wave intensity records of highly charged ion beams, in which recently the beam intensities of Ar4012+ and Xe12926+ have, for the first time, exceeded 1 emA produced by an ion source. Routine operations commenced in 2007 with the Heavy Ion accelerator Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), China. Up to June 2017, SECRAL has been providing more than 28,000 hours of highly charged heavy ion beams to the accelerator demonstrating its great capability and reliability. The great achievement of SECRAL is accumulation of numerous technical advancements, such as an innovative magnetic system and an efficient double-frequency (24+18 GHz) heating with improved plasma stability. This article reviews the development of SECRAL and production of intense highly charged ion beams by SECRAL focusing on its unique magnet design, source commissioning, performance studies and enhancements, beam quality and long-term operation. SECRAL development and its performance studies representatively reflect the achievements and status of the present ECR ion source, as well as the ECRIS impacts on HIRFL.
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new development of advanced superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source secral invited
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2010Co-Authors: H W Zhao, X Z Zhang, Y. C. Feng, L T Sun, H Y, H Y Zhao, Xiaozhi Guo, Y Cao, Y Shang, B HAbstract:Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source with advance design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) is an 18–28 GHz fully superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source dedicated for highly charged heavy ion beam production. SECRAL, with an innovative superconducting magnet structure of solenoid-inside-sextupole and at lower frequency and lower rf power operation, may open a new way for developing compact and reliable high performance superconducting ECR ion source. One of the recent highlights achieved at SECRAL is that some new record beam currents for very high charge states were produced by 18 GHz or 18+14.5 GHz double frequency heating, such as 1 e μA of X129e43+, 22 e μA of B209i41+, and 1.5 e μA of B209i50+. To further enhance the performance of SECRAL, a 24 GHz/7 kW gyrotron microwave generator was installed and SECRAL was tested at 24 GHz. Some promising and exciting results at 24 GHz with new record highly charged ion beam intensities were produced, such as 455 e μA of X129e27+ and 15...
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new development of advanced superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source secral invited a
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2010Co-Authors: H W Zhao, Junqing Li, X Z Zhang, Y. C. Feng, H Y, B H, H Y Zhao, Y Shang, W Lu, H WangAbstract:Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source with advance design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) is an 18–28 GHz fully superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source dedicated for highly charged heavy ion beam production. SECRAL, with an innovative superconducting magnet structure of solenoid-inside-sextupole and at lower frequency and lower rf power operation, may open a new way for developing compact and reliable high performance superconducting ECR ion source. One of the recent highlights achieved at SECRAL is that some new record beam currents for very high charge states were produced by 18 GHz or 18+14.5 GHz double frequency heating, such as 1 e μA of X129e43+, 22 e μA of B209i41+, and 1.5 e μA of B209i50+. To further enhance the performance of SECRAL, a 24 GHz/7 kW gyrotron microwave generator was installed and SECRAL was tested at 24 GHz. Some promising and exciting results at 24 GHz with new record highly charged ion beam intensities were produced, such as 455 e μA of X129e27+ and 15...
D Mascali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source plasma characterization by energy dispersive x ray imaging
Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: R Racz, A. Galatà, D Mascali, S Biri, Claudia Caliri, G Castro, S Gammino, L Neri, J Palinkas, Francesco RomanoAbstract:Pinhole and CCD based quasi-optical x-ray imaging technique was applied to investigate the plasma of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source (ECRIS). Spectrally integrated and energy resolved images were taken from an axial perspective. The comparison of integrated images taken of argon plasma highlights the structural changes affected by some ECRIS setting parameters, like strength of the axial magnetic confinement, RF frequency and microwave power. Photon counting analysis gives precise intensity distribution of the x-ray emitted by the argon plasma and by the plasma chamber walls. This advanced technique points out that the spatial positions of the Electron losses are strongly determined by the kinetic energy of the Electrons themselves to be lost and also shows evidences how strongly the plasma distribution is affected by slight changes in the RF frequency.
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Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source plasma characterization by x ray spectroscopy and x ray imaging
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2016Co-Authors: D Mascali, L. Celona, R Racz, S Biri, Claudia Caliri, G Castro, L Neri, J Palinkas, Francesco Romano, G TorrisiAbstract:An experimental campaign aiming to investigate Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) plasma X-ray emission has been recently carried out at the ECRISs-Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources laboratory of Atomki based on a collaboration between the Debrecen and Catania ECR teams. In a first series, the X-ray spectroscopy was performed through silicon drift detectors and high purity germanium detectors, characterizing the volumetric plasma emission. The on-purpose developed collimation system was suitable for direct plasma density evaluation, performed "on-line" during beam extraction and charge state distribution characterization. A campaign for correlating the plasma density and temperature with the output charge states and the beam intensity for different pumping wave frequencies, different magnetic field profiles, and single-gas/gas-mixing configurations was carried out. The results reveal a surprisingly very good agreement between warm-Electron density fluctuations, output beam currents, and the calculated electromagnetic modal density of the plasma chamber. A charge-coupled device camera coupled to a small pin-hole allowing X-ray imaging was installed and numerous X-ray photos were taken in order to study the peculiarities of the ECRIS plasma structure.
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microwave to plasma coupling in Electron Cyclotron Resonance and microwave ion sources invited
Review of Scientific Instruments, 2010Co-Authors: L. Celona, S Gammino, G Ciavola, F Maimone, D MascaliAbstract:Coupling improvements between microwaves and plasmas are a key factor to design more powerful Electron Cyclotron Resonance and microwave ion sources. On this purpose different activities have been undertaken by the INFN-LNS ion source team and a new approach was developed. Recent experiments confirmed the simulations, demonstrating that even in presence of a dense plasma, resonant modes are excited inside the cavity and the plasma dynamics depends on their structure. An overview of the coupling issues on microwave ion sources is also given along with a discussion on alternative coupling techniques.