The Experts below are selected from a list of 246 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

M El S Naschie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Frank Wilczek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • black holes as Elementary Particles
    Nuclear Physics, 1992
    Co-Authors: Christoph F E Holzhey, Frank Wilczek
    Abstract:

    It is argued that the qualitative features of black holes, regarded as quantum-mechanical objects, depend both on the parameters of the hole and on the microscopic theory in which it is embedded. A thermal description is inadequate for external holes. In particular, extreme holes of the charged dilaton family can have entropy but nonzero, and even (for a > 1) formally infinite, temperature. The existence of a tendency to radiate at the extreme, which threatens to overthrow any attempt to identify the entropy as available internal states and also to expose a naked singularity, is at first quite disturbing. However, by analyzing the perturbations around the extreme holes we show that these holes are protected by mass gaps, or, alternatively, potential barriers, which removes them from thermal contact with the external world. We suggest that the behavior of these extreme-dilation black holes, which from the point of view of traditional black-hole theory seems quite bizarre, can reasonably be interpreted as the holes doing their best to behave like normal Elementary Particles. The a < 1 holes behave qualitatively as extended objects.

Adrian Ferent - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ferent Equation for N Elementary Particles
    viXra, 2018
    Co-Authors: Adrian Ferent
    Abstract:

    “Ferent equation for N Elementary Particles:” Adrian Ferent A quantum system involves the wave function. The wave function is the most complete description that can be given of a quantum system. The evolution of N Elementary Particles quantum system is governed through the Ferent equation for N Elementary Particles. “The Elementary Particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “The Elementary Particles contain Dark Matter with the mass much smaller than Particles mass, but with much higher energy” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity, Gravitation gives mass to the Elementary Particles” Adrian Ferent That is why: The Higgs mechanism doesn't explains the source of any masses, the Higgs mechanism is not a mechanism for generating mass. “The Ferent mechanism: the interaction energy of gravitons emitted by Dark Matter gives mass to the Elementary Particles” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for Elementary Particles:” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for Elementary particle, made of 2 Particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter!” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for N Elementary Particles:” Adrian Ferent 156. I am the first who discovered the Ferent equation for N Elementary Particles

  • Ferent Equation for N Elementary Particles
    viXra, 2018
    Co-Authors: Adrian Ferent
    Abstract:

    “Ferent equation for Elementary Particles” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for Elementary particle, made of 2 Particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter!” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for Dark Matter particle of the Elementary particle:” Adrian Ferent The most general form is the time-dependent Ferent equation, which gives a description of a quantum system made of Matter and Dark Matter evolving in time. “Unification between Matter and Dark Matter:” Adrian Ferent Where: |Ψ(r,t)> - is the state vector of the quantum system r and t are the position vector and time h – is the Planck constant a - is the Ferent constant This equation describes the changes over time of an Elementary particle as quantum systems. “The Elementary Particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Ferent time-dependent equation for Dark Matter Particles:” Adrian Ferent The nonrelativistic time-dependent Ferent equation for the wave function, of a single Dark Matter particle moving in a potential V(r,t). The wave function is the most complete description that can be given of a quantum system. Because the Elementary Particles contain Dark Matter Particles, I consider each Elementary particle as a quantum system made of 2 equations: The total energy equals kinetic energy plus potential energy of the dark matter Particles. The equation for Matter of the Elementary particle: Where Ψ(r,t) is the wave function, m1 is Matter mass, V is the potential energy. “Ferent equation for Dark Matter particle of the Elementary particle:” Adrian Ferent Where m2 is Dark Matter mass. The equation for an Elementary particle made of 2 Particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Ferent equation for Elementary particle as a quantum system: “Ferent equation for Elementary Particles:” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation for Elementary particle, made of 2 Particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter!” Adrian Ferent 153. I am the first who discovered the Ferent equation for Elementary Particles 154. I am the first who explained that Ferent equation for Elementary particle, made of 2 Particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter! 155. I am the first who discovered the Ferent equation for Dark Matter particle of the Elementary particle

  • The Elementary Particles Contain Dark Matter
    viXra, 2018
    Co-Authors: Adrian Ferent
    Abstract:

    “The Elementary Particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “The photons contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “I unified Electromagnetism and Gravity with Ferent equation for the energy of a photon E = h × f + a × f ” Adrian Ferent Where: h – is the Planck constant a – is the Ferent constant In this equation the Dark Matter term is a × f , this means the photons contain Dark Matter. “The photons contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent Because of mass-energy equivalence, the rest energy of a particle it is E = mc2, and because the photons contains Dark Matter this imply that all the Particles contain Dark Matter. Because all the Elementary Particles have Gravitational Field, this means all of them have a Dark Matter component in their equations, this means all the Elementary Particles contain Dark Matter. “The Elementary Particles contain Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Black holes are Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent Physicists today plagiarize my Gravitation theory, all of theom say: ‘Black holes are Dark matter’, stolen from my Gravitation theory. The Physicists do not know what is Dark Matter, but they know that ‘Black holes are Dark matter’; it is amazing how far can go the plagiarism today! This equation unify Matter with Dark Matter! 101. I am the first who discovered that all the Elementary Particles contain Dark Matter 102. I am the first who unified Matter with Dark Matter

  • Elementary Particles Emit and Receive Gravitons
    viXra, 2017
    Co-Authors: Adrian Ferent
    Abstract:

    I discovered how Elementary Particles emit and receive Gravitons! “I discovered how to understand Gravity in the frame of quantum mechanics!” Adrian Ferent “Elementary Particles emit and receive gravitons because Gravity emerged at Ferent wall before the Planck wall; because Elementary Particles interact via the force of gravity.” Adrian Ferent “When a graviton is generated, it is generated the same energy and momentum, but with opposite sign which is received by the Elementary particle” Adrian Ferent “The photon has Electric field, Magnetic field and Gravitational field components. Similarly Elementary Particles have Gravitational field component.” Adrian Ferent

Ding-yu Chung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the periodic table of Elementary Particles based on string theory
    viXra, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ding-yu Chung
    Abstract:

    In this paper, all Elementary Particles (leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, and the Higgs boson) can be placed in the periodic table of Elementary Particles based on string theory with oscillating spacetime dimension number, instead of conventional string theory with fixed space-time dimension number. Dimension number oscillates between 11D and 10D and between 10D and 4D reversibly. The oscillation of space-time dimension number (D) is accompanied by mass dimension number (d) to represent mass. Space-time dimension number decreases with increasing mass dimension number, decreasing speed of light and increasing rest mass. 4D particle originally is 4D10d particle, and has the lowest speed of light and the highest rest mass. With the same energy, the relation between adjacent mass dimensions is MM − = 2 d1 d d α , where M is rest mass, d is mass dimension number, and α is the fine structure constant. According to the proposed cosmology, the non-gravitational 4D10d Particles were sliced into 4D4d core Particles surrounded by 6 separated mass dimensions as the 6 dimensional orbitals constituting the non-gravitational forces (electromagnetism, strong, and weak). The combination of the 6 dimensional orbitals and the gravitational 4D10d particle resulted in the 7 dimensional orbitals. As the periodic table of elements based on the atomic orbitals, the periodic table of Elementary Particles is based on the combination of the two asymmetrical sets of the 7 dimensional orbitals. One set as the principal dimensional orbitals is mainly for leptons and gauge bosons, and another set as the auxiliary orbitals is mainly for individual quarks. The calculated constituent masses of leptons, quarks, gauge bosons, and the Higgs boson are in good agreement with the observed values. For examples, the calculated mass of top quark is 176.5 GeV in good agreement with the observed 173.34 GeV, and the calculated average mass of the Higgs boson is 128.8 GeV in good agreements with the observed 125 or 126 GeV.

  • the higgs boson in the periodic system of Elementary Particles
    viXra, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ding-yu Chung, Ray Hefferlin
    Abstract:

    It is proposed that the observed Higgs Boson at the LHC is the Standard Model Higgs boson that adopts the existence of the hidden lepton condensate. The hidden lepton is in the forbidden lepton family, outside of the three lepton families of the Standard Model. Being forbidden, a single hidden lepton cannot exist alone; so it must exist in the lepton condensate as a composite of μ’ and μ’ ± hidden leptons and their corresponding antileptons. The calculated average mass of the hidden lepton condensate is 128.8 GeV in good agreements with the observed 125 or 126 GeV. The masses of the hidden lepton condensate and all Elementary Particles including leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons are derived from the periodic system of Elementary Particles. The calculated constituent masses are in good agreement with the observed values by using only four known constants: the number of the extra spatial dimensions in the eleven-dimensional membrane, the mass of electron, the mass of Z boson, and the fine structure constant.

  • The Periodic Table of Elementary Particles and the Composition of Hadrons
    arXiv: High Energy Physics - Theory, 2001
    Co-Authors: Ding-yu Chung
    Abstract:

    All leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons can be placed in the periodic table of Elementary Particles. As the periodic table of elements derived from atomic orbital, the periodic table of Elementary Particles is derived from the two sets of seven orbitals: principal dimensional orbital and auxiliary dimensional orbital. (Seven orbitals come indirectly from the seven extra dimensions in eleven-dimensional space-time.) Principal dimensional orbital derived from varying space-time dimension, varying speed of light, and varying supersymmetry explains gauge bosons and low-mass leptons. Auxiliary dimensional orbital derived from principal dimensional orbital accounts for high-mass leptons and individual quarks. For hadrons as the composites of individual quarks, hadronic dimensional orbital derived from auxiliary dimensional orbital is responsible. These three sets of seven orbitals explain all Elementary Particles and hadrons. QCD, essentially, describes the different occupations of quarks in the three sets of seven orbitals at different temperatures. The periodic table of Elementary Particles and the compositions of hadrons relate to the Barut lepton mass formula, the Polazzi mass formula for stable hadrons, and the MacGregor-Akers constituent quark model. The calculated masses for Elementary Particles and hadrons are in good agreement with the observed masses. For examples, the calculated masses for the top quark, neutron, and pion are 176.5 GeV, 939.54MeV, and 135.01MeV in excellent agreement with the observed masses, 174.3 GeV, 939.57 MeV, and 134.98 MeV, respectively.

  • The masses of Elementary Particles and hadrons
    arXiv: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Ding-yu Chung
    Abstract:

    The masses of Elementary Particles and hadrons can be calculated from the periodic table of Elementary Particles. The periodic table is derived from dimensional hierarchy for the seven extra spatial dimensions. As a molecule is the composite of atoms with chemical bonds, a hadron is the composite of Elementary Particles with hadronic bonds. The masses of Elementary Particles and hadrons can be calculated using the periodic table with only four known constants: the number of the extra spatial dimensions in the superstring, the mass of electron, the mass of Z=B0, and the fine structure constant. The calculated masses are in good agreement with the observed values. For examples, the calculated masses for the top quark, neutron, and pion are 176.5 GeV, 939.54MeV, and 135.01MeV in excellent agreement with the observed masses, 176 =B1 13 GeV, 939.57 MeV, and 134.98 MeV, respectively. The masses of 110 hadrons are calculated. The overall average difference between the calculated masses and the observed masses for all hadrons is 0.29 MeV. The periodic table of Elementary Particles provides the most comprehensive explanation and calculation for the masses of Elementary Particles and hadrons.

  • The periodic table of Elementary Particles
    arXiv: General Physics, 2000
    Co-Authors: Ding-yu Chung
    Abstract:

    All leptons, quarks, and gauge bosons can be placed in the periodic table of Elementary Particles. The periodic table is derived from dualities of string theory and a Kaluza-Klein substructure for the six extra spatial dimensions. As a molecule is the composite of atoms with chemical bonds, a hadron is the composite of Elementary Particles with hadronic bonds. The masses of Elementary Particles and hadrons can be calculated using the periodic table with only four known constants: the number of the extra spatial dimensions in the superstring, the mass of electron, the mass of Z=B0, and the fine structure constant for the magnetic field. The calculated masses are in good agreement with the observed values. For examples, the calculated masses for the top quark, neutron, and pion are 176.5 GeV, 939.54MeV, and 135.01MeV in excellent agreement with the observed masses, 176 =B1 13 GeV, 939.57 MeV, and 134.98 MeV, respectively. The masses of 110 hadrons are calculated. The overall average difference between the calculated masses and the observed masses for all hadrons is 0.29 MeV. The periodic table of Elementary Particles provides the most comprehensive explanation and calculation for the masses of Elementary Particles and hadrons.

Florentin Smarandache - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • thirty unsolved problems in the physics of Elementary Particles
    viXra, 2007
    Co-Authors: Vic Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
    Abstract:

    Unlike what some physicists and graduate students used to think, that physics science has come to the point that the only improvement needed is merely like adding more numbers in decimal place for the masses of Elementary Particles or gravitational constant, there is a number of unsolved problems in this field that may require that the whole theory shall be reassessed. In the present article we discuss thirty of those unsolved problems and their likely implications. In the first section we will discuss some well-known problems in cosmology and particle physics, and then other unsolved problems will be discussed in next section.

  • thirty unsolved problems in the physics of Elementary Particles
    APS Meeting Abstracts, 2007
    Co-Authors: Vic Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
    Abstract:

    1 Unsolved problems related to cosmology In the present article we discuss some unsolved problems in the physics of Elementary Particles, and their likely implications. In the first section we will discuss some wellknown problems in cosmology and particle physics, and then other unsolved problems will be discussed in next section. Some of these problems were inspired by and expanded from Ginzburg’s paper [1]. The problems are: 1. The problem of the three origins. According to Marcelo Gleiser (Darthmouth College) there are three unsolved questions which are likely to play significant role in 21st-century science: the origin of the universe, the origin of life, and the origin of mind; 2. The problem of symmetry and antimatter observation. This could be one of the biggest puzzle in cosmology: If it’s true according to theoretical physics (Dirac equation etc.) that there should be equal amounts of matter and antimatter in the universe, then why our observation only display vast amounts of matter and very little antimatter? 3. The problem of dark matter in cosmology model. Do we need to introduce dark matter to describe galaxy rotation curves? Or do we need a revised method in our cosmology model? Is it possible to develop a new theory of galaxy rotation which agrees with observations but without invoking dark matter? For example of such a new theory without dark matter, see Mo at and Brownstein [2, 3]; 4. Cosmological constant problem. This problem represents one of the major unresolved issues in contemporary physics. It is presumed that a presently unknown symmetry operates in such a way to enable a vanishingly small constant while remaining consistent with all accepted field theoretic principles [4]; 5. Antimatter hydrogen observation. Is it possible to find isolated antimatter hydrogen (antihydrogen) in astrophysics (stellar or galaxies) observation? Is there antihydrogen star in our galaxy? Now we are going to discuss other seemingly interesting problems in the physics of Elementary Particles, in particular those questions which may be related to the New Energy science.