The Experts below are selected from a list of 249 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alan D. Rogol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emotional Deprivation in Children: Growth Faltering and Reversible Hypopituitarism.
Frontiers in endocrinology, 2020Co-Authors: Alan D. RogolAbstract:Emotional Deprivation can lead to growth faltering of infants and children. The mechanism(s) involved differ in that for infants, the major metabolic problem is inadequate energy intake for growth. In young children, it is likely that the Emotional Deprivation causes a syndrome not only of growth faltering, but with bizarre behaviors, especially with regard to food: hoarding, gorging and vomiting, hyperphagia, drinking from the toilet, and eating from garbage pails. Other disturbed behaviors include, poor sleep, night wanderings, and pain agnosia. The pathophysiology appears to be reversible hypopituitarism, at least for the growth hormone and hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axes. The review begins with an historical perspective concerning stress, children and growth and then moves to the issue of hospitalism, where young infants failed to thrive (and died) due to inadequate stimulation and energy intake. Refeeding programs at the end of World Wars I and II noted that some children did not thrive despite an adequate energy intake. It appeared that in addition taking care of their Emotional needs permitted super-physiologic (catch-up) growth. Next came the first notions from clinical investigation that hypopituitarism might be the mechanism of growth faltering. Studies that address this mechanism from a number of observational and clinical research studies are reviewed in depth to show that the hypopituitarism was relieved upon removal from the Deprivational environment and occurred much too quickly to be due to adequate energy alone. These findings are then compared to those from malnourished children and adoptees from emerging countries, especially those from orphanages where their psychosocial needs were unmet despite adequate caloric intake. Together, these various conditions define one aspect of the field of psychoneuroendocrinology.
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Stunting: historical lessons that catch-up growth tells us for mapping growth restoration.
Archives of disease in childhood, 2020Co-Authors: Christiane Scheffler, Michael Hermanussen, Alan D. RogolAbstract:Growth within the broad range of normal for age, sex and ethnicity is considered a good sign of general health and of proper living conditions. Starvation, Emotional Deprivation and chronic, particularly endocrine and inflammatory, diseases, impair growth; persistence of such conditions leads to stunting—long-term preventing from growing, resulting in short stature—and will raise the susceptibility to further illness and mortality. Detailed scientific observations exemplifying the close link between nutrition, living conditions, health and growth date back to the medical literature of the end 19th and early 20th centuries. Multiple observations of school physicians and paediatricians specify the impact of starvation and neglect on child growth during and after World War I,1 and recognise the significance of catch-up growth during refeeding. Catch-up growth is not limited to refeeding but systematically occurs in children whenever relieved from growth-inhibiting conditions. In 1906, Igl2 published growth patterns of Austrian boarding school children aged 7–17 years, who almost completely failed to grow during the regular school year but caught up in height during the 2 months of summer holiday at home. Mortality statistics in European orphanages since the 18th century highlight the importance of Emotional care on infant survival. Scientific observations on Emotional Deprivation and its effect on infant and child growth became prevalent in the 20th century. Shortly after World War II, Widdowson3 investigated children in two German orphanages. Her concern with the growth of the children led her to a feeding experiment in one—to supplement the barely adequate caloric intake with additional bread and jam. This was based on …
Katharina Braun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of perinatal stress on the functional maturation of prefronto-cortical synaptic circuits: implications for the pathophysiology of ADHD?
Progress in Brain Research, 2011Co-Authors: Jörg Bock, Katharina BraunAbstract:Enriched as well as impoverished or adverse perinatal environment plays an essential role in the development and refinement of neuronal pathways, which are the neural substrate of intellectual capacity and socioEmotional competence. Perinatal experience and learning events continuously interact with the adaptive shaping of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory synaptic as well as the endocrine stress systems, including the neuronal corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) pathways. Adverse environments, such as stress and Emotional Deprivation can not only delay experience-dependent maturation of these pathways, but also induce permanent changes in prefronto-cortical wiring patterns. We assume that such dysfunctional connections are the neuronal basis for the development of psychosocially induced mental disorders during later life. The aim of this review is to focus on the impact of perinatal stress on the neuronal and synaptic reorganization during brain development and possible implications for the etiology and therapy of mental disorders such as ADHD.
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The experience-dependent maturation of prefronto-limbic circuits and the origin of developmental psychopathology: implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of behavioural disorders.
Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2011Co-Authors: Katharina Braun, Jörg BockAbstract:The maturation of prefronto-limbic neuronal pathways that mediate essential affective and social regulatory functions is experience dependent. Immediately after birth the infant's affective experiences, especially those embedded in the relationship with the primary caregiver, trigger the reorganization and adaptive fine-tuning of synaptic circuits. Research in humans and in animal models supports the hypothesis that socio-Emotional Deprivation and Emotional trauma during early childhood may leave 'scars' in prefronto-limbic function, brain regions that are essential for Emotional behaviour, learning, and memory. The focus of this review is to point out that mechanisms involved in structuring and optimizing neural circuits during brain development might also be used in moulding personality and behaviour during psychotherapy in the adult brain.
Jörg Bock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of perinatal stress on the functional maturation of prefronto-cortical synaptic circuits: implications for the pathophysiology of ADHD?
Progress in Brain Research, 2011Co-Authors: Jörg Bock, Katharina BraunAbstract:Enriched as well as impoverished or adverse perinatal environment plays an essential role in the development and refinement of neuronal pathways, which are the neural substrate of intellectual capacity and socioEmotional competence. Perinatal experience and learning events continuously interact with the adaptive shaping of excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory synaptic as well as the endocrine stress systems, including the neuronal corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) pathways. Adverse environments, such as stress and Emotional Deprivation can not only delay experience-dependent maturation of these pathways, but also induce permanent changes in prefronto-cortical wiring patterns. We assume that such dysfunctional connections are the neuronal basis for the development of psychosocially induced mental disorders during later life. The aim of this review is to focus on the impact of perinatal stress on the neuronal and synaptic reorganization during brain development and possible implications for the etiology and therapy of mental disorders such as ADHD.
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The experience-dependent maturation of prefronto-limbic circuits and the origin of developmental psychopathology: implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of behavioural disorders.
Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2011Co-Authors: Katharina Braun, Jörg BockAbstract:The maturation of prefronto-limbic neuronal pathways that mediate essential affective and social regulatory functions is experience dependent. Immediately after birth the infant's affective experiences, especially those embedded in the relationship with the primary caregiver, trigger the reorganization and adaptive fine-tuning of synaptic circuits. Research in humans and in animal models supports the hypothesis that socio-Emotional Deprivation and Emotional trauma during early childhood may leave 'scars' in prefronto-limbic function, brain regions that are essential for Emotional behaviour, learning, and memory. The focus of this review is to point out that mechanisms involved in structuring and optimizing neural circuits during brain development might also be used in moulding personality and behaviour during psychotherapy in the adult brain.
L. Fofana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders in University Students through the Early Maladaptive Schemas and Beck’s Inventory
Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Khaoula Mammad, A. O. T. Ahami, Fatima-zahra Azzaoui, S. Boulbaroud, W. Idrissi, K. Karjouh, L. FofanaAbstract:Aim is to diagnose the prevalence of anxiety disorders using early maladaptive schemas and Beck’s anxiety inventory among students. The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted among 212 students, aged 17 to 25 years, randomly selected from different institutions of the IBN TOFAIL University, located in the city of Kenitra (NW of Morocco). Two neurocognitive tests were used: The Beck Anxiety Inventory to evaluate anxiety & the short version of the early maladaptive schema questionnaire of Schmidt, Joiner, Young and Telch (1995) which was translated in French by Rusinek & Hautekeete (2000) to evaluate schemas. The obtained results of measure of anxiety show that the inadequate early maladaptive schemas positively correlated with the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Emotional Deprivation (r = 0.1635, p p = 0.001) and Insufficient self-control (r = 0.1819, p p = 0.001) Vulnerability (r = 0.1505, p p < 0.05). A band appears between early maladaptive schemas and Beck anxiety inventory revealing the existence of anxiety in university students, which has appeared in some maladaptive schemas, especially: Emotional Deprivation, Isolation, Insufficient self-control, Abandon, Vulnerability, Fear of losing control. Deeper investigations needed to understand this relationship and to study other possible factors that could affect this important neurocognitive function.
Sébastien Dupont - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Julie and “Milord”: From Early Emotional Deprivation to the Creation of an Imaginary Companion in Adolescence
Adolescence, 2010Co-Authors: Anne Joly, Sébastien DupontAbstract:The phenomenon of the imaginary companion is well described among children and elderly people, but is rarely evoked in adolescents. Its manifestation at the age of adolescence is often misinterpreted as delirium and a sign of beginning schizophrenia. In this article we present the case of Julie, a seventeen-year-old teenager, in order to illustrate the hypothesis that the imaginary companion can appear within other psychopathologies than those of psychosis and schizophrenia. The young woman uses an imaginary companion she calls « Monseigneur » (« Mylord ») to compensate for an underlying depression. We describe in detail this clinical situation, the different stages of the therapeutic treatment and the psychological evolution of Julie.