The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Oliver Kaltenegger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What Drives Total Real Unit Energy Costs Globally? A Novel LMDI Decomposition Approach
Applied Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Oliver KalteneggerAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a novel logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition framework that is tailor-made for unit cost indicators. It adds four new models to the existing LMDI model family. The main novelty of the new framework lies in the separation of quantity and price effects captured in unit cost indicators, while retaining the same desirable properties of traditional models. Four case studies apply the novel LMDI framework to the total real unit Energy Costs (total RUEC) indicator. Total RUEC represents the sum of direct Energy Costs (for Energy products) and indirect Energy Costs (Energy Costs embedded in intermediate inputs and passed on along global value chains) as a fraction of value added. This yardstick allows for monitoring shifts in the burden of Energy Costs on industries. The first three case studies, based on the World Input-Output Database, cover the period between 1995 and 2009. For an up-to-date analysis, a fourth case study collects additional data for 2009–2016 from Energy and economic statistics’ institutions. Globally, up until 2009, rising Costs for crude petroleum/natural gas and the rise of China in the global economy were the largest drivers of total RUEC. In general, increases of indirect Energy Costs were more substantial than were those of direct Energy Costs. The total RUEC of Chinese car manufacturers increased much more strongly than did that of American car manufacturers. After 2009 (until 2016), prices for crude petroleum/natural gas and value added generation were major decelerating factors of global direct RUEC, while increases in Energy consumption had offsetting effects. This paper provides a suitable tool to scientists who want to build on unit cost indicators in their research in general and to all policy-oriented institutions concerned with monitoring and analysing the Energy transition in particular.
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Energy Costs in Germany and Europe: An assessment based on a (total real unit) Energy cost accounting framework
Energy Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Oliver Kaltenegger, Andreas Löschel, Martin Baikowski, Jörg LingensAbstract:Abstract Affordable Energy is one of the objectives of the EU's Energy policy. This goal has been challenged by many factors influencing Energy prices and Costs such as developments in global Energy markets, the EU ETS, and the promotion of renewables. Analysing Energy Costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of accounting for quantity adjustments. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden that Energy Costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European Commission and the Energy Expert Commission of the German Government recommend using real unit Energy Costs, defined as Energy Costs as a fraction of value added. We develop an input-output based (real unit) Energy cost accounting framework and study the trends in Germany and the EU between 1995 and 2011. We find that many of the discovered developments are not adequately represented in the political debate, especially with regard to indirect Costs (via Energy embodied in intermediate inputs), which are more difficult to assess. Indirect Energy Costs are on the rise, are larger than direct Costs in many industries, are increasingly imported, and amplify the asymmetric impacts of legal exceptions available to Energy-intensive industries.
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Energy Costs in Germany and Europe: An assessment based on a (total real unit) Energy cost accounting framework
2016Co-Authors: Oliver Kaltenegger, Andreas Löschel, Martin Baikowski, Jörg LingensAbstract:Affordable Energy is one of the objectives of EU's Energy policy. This goal has been challenged by many factors inuencing Energy prices and Costs such as developments in global Energy markets, the EU ETS and the promotion of renewables. Analysing Energy Costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of taking into account quantity adjustments. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden which Energy Costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European Commission and the Energy Expert Commission of the German Government recommend using real unit Energy Costs, defined as Energy Costs as fraction of value added. We develop an input-output based (real unit) Energy cost accounting framework and study the trends in Germany and the EU between 1995 and 2011. We find that many of the unveiled developments are not adequately represented in the political debate, especially with regard to indirect Costs (via Energy embodied in intermediate inputs), which are more diffcult to assess. Indirect Energy Costs are on the rise, are larger than direct Costs in many industries, are increasingly imported and amplify the asymmetric impacts of legal exceptions available to Energy-intensive industries.
Jörg Lingens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy Costs in Germany and Europe: An assessment based on a (total real unit) Energy cost accounting framework
Energy Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Oliver Kaltenegger, Andreas Löschel, Martin Baikowski, Jörg LingensAbstract:Abstract Affordable Energy is one of the objectives of the EU's Energy policy. This goal has been challenged by many factors influencing Energy prices and Costs such as developments in global Energy markets, the EU ETS, and the promotion of renewables. Analysing Energy Costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of accounting for quantity adjustments. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden that Energy Costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European Commission and the Energy Expert Commission of the German Government recommend using real unit Energy Costs, defined as Energy Costs as a fraction of value added. We develop an input-output based (real unit) Energy cost accounting framework and study the trends in Germany and the EU between 1995 and 2011. We find that many of the discovered developments are not adequately represented in the political debate, especially with regard to indirect Costs (via Energy embodied in intermediate inputs), which are more difficult to assess. Indirect Energy Costs are on the rise, are larger than direct Costs in many industries, are increasingly imported, and amplify the asymmetric impacts of legal exceptions available to Energy-intensive industries.
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Energy Costs in Germany and Europe: An assessment based on a (total real unit) Energy cost accounting framework
2016Co-Authors: Oliver Kaltenegger, Andreas Löschel, Martin Baikowski, Jörg LingensAbstract:Affordable Energy is one of the objectives of EU's Energy policy. This goal has been challenged by many factors inuencing Energy prices and Costs such as developments in global Energy markets, the EU ETS and the promotion of renewables. Analysing Energy Costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of taking into account quantity adjustments. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden which Energy Costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European Commission and the Energy Expert Commission of the German Government recommend using real unit Energy Costs, defined as Energy Costs as fraction of value added. We develop an input-output based (real unit) Energy cost accounting framework and study the trends in Germany and the EU between 1995 and 2011. We find that many of the unveiled developments are not adequately represented in the political debate, especially with regard to indirect Costs (via Energy embodied in intermediate inputs), which are more diffcult to assess. Indirect Energy Costs are on the rise, are larger than direct Costs in many industries, are increasingly imported and amplify the asymmetric impacts of legal exceptions available to Energy-intensive industries.
H. F. Chau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solution to time-Energy Costs of quantum channels
Quantum Information & Computation, 2015Co-Authors: Chi-hang Fred Fung, H. F. Chau, Nung-sing SzeAbstract:We derive a formula for the time-Energy Costs of general quantum channels proposed in [Phys. Rev. A 88, 012307 (2013)]. This formula allows us to numerically find the time-Energy cost of any quantum channel using positive semidefinite programming. We also derive a lower bound to the time-Energy cost for any channels and the exact the time-Energy cost for a class of channels which includes the qudit depolarizing channels and projector channels as special cases.
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Time-Energy Costs of quantum measurements
Physical Review A, 2014Co-Authors: Chi-hang Fred Fung, H. F. ChauAbstract:Time and Energy of quantum processes are a tradeoff against each other. We propose to ascribe to any given quantum process a time-Energy cost to quantify how much computation it performs. Here, we analyze the time-Energy Costs for general quantum measurements, along a similar line as our previous work for quantum channels, and prove exact and lower bound formulas for the Costs. We use these formulas to evaluate the efficiencies of actual measurement implementations. We find that one implementation for a Bell measurement is optimal in time Energy. We also analyze the time-Energy cost for unambiguous state discrimination and find evidence that only a finite time-Energy cost is needed to distinguish any number of states.
Chi-hang Fred Fung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Solution to time-Energy Costs of quantum channels
Quantum Information & Computation, 2015Co-Authors: Chi-hang Fred Fung, H. F. Chau, Nung-sing SzeAbstract:We derive a formula for the time-Energy Costs of general quantum channels proposed in [Phys. Rev. A 88, 012307 (2013)]. This formula allows us to numerically find the time-Energy cost of any quantum channel using positive semidefinite programming. We also derive a lower bound to the time-Energy cost for any channels and the exact the time-Energy cost for a class of channels which includes the qudit depolarizing channels and projector channels as special cases.
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Time-Energy Costs of quantum measurements
Physical Review A, 2014Co-Authors: Chi-hang Fred Fung, H. F. ChauAbstract:Time and Energy of quantum processes are a tradeoff against each other. We propose to ascribe to any given quantum process a time-Energy cost to quantify how much computation it performs. Here, we analyze the time-Energy Costs for general quantum measurements, along a similar line as our previous work for quantum channels, and prove exact and lower bound formulas for the Costs. We use these formulas to evaluate the efficiencies of actual measurement implementations. We find that one implementation for a Bell measurement is optimal in time Energy. We also analyze the time-Energy cost for unambiguous state discrimination and find evidence that only a finite time-Energy cost is needed to distinguish any number of states.
Andreas Löschel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy Costs in Germany and Europe: An assessment based on a (total real unit) Energy cost accounting framework
Energy Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Oliver Kaltenegger, Andreas Löschel, Martin Baikowski, Jörg LingensAbstract:Abstract Affordable Energy is one of the objectives of the EU's Energy policy. This goal has been challenged by many factors influencing Energy prices and Costs such as developments in global Energy markets, the EU ETS, and the promotion of renewables. Analysing Energy Costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of accounting for quantity adjustments. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden that Energy Costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European Commission and the Energy Expert Commission of the German Government recommend using real unit Energy Costs, defined as Energy Costs as a fraction of value added. We develop an input-output based (real unit) Energy cost accounting framework and study the trends in Germany and the EU between 1995 and 2011. We find that many of the discovered developments are not adequately represented in the political debate, especially with regard to indirect Costs (via Energy embodied in intermediate inputs), which are more difficult to assess. Indirect Energy Costs are on the rise, are larger than direct Costs in many industries, are increasingly imported, and amplify the asymmetric impacts of legal exceptions available to Energy-intensive industries.
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Energy Costs in Germany and Europe: An assessment based on a (total real unit) Energy cost accounting framework
2016Co-Authors: Oliver Kaltenegger, Andreas Löschel, Martin Baikowski, Jörg LingensAbstract:Affordable Energy is one of the objectives of EU's Energy policy. This goal has been challenged by many factors inuencing Energy prices and Costs such as developments in global Energy markets, the EU ETS and the promotion of renewables. Analysing Energy Costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of taking into account quantity adjustments. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden which Energy Costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European Commission and the Energy Expert Commission of the German Government recommend using real unit Energy Costs, defined as Energy Costs as fraction of value added. We develop an input-output based (real unit) Energy cost accounting framework and study the trends in Germany and the EU between 1995 and 2011. We find that many of the unveiled developments are not adequately represented in the political debate, especially with regard to indirect Costs (via Energy embodied in intermediate inputs), which are more diffcult to assess. Indirect Energy Costs are on the rise, are larger than direct Costs in many industries, are increasingly imported and amplify the asymmetric impacts of legal exceptions available to Energy-intensive industries.
