The Experts below are selected from a list of 16164 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Klaas Van T Veld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extended liability for Environmental Accidents what you see is what you get
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Emma Hutchinson, Klaas Van T VeldAbstract:Abstract When a firm may be bankrupted by the liability from an Environmental Accident, current laws often allow for the extension of liability to third parties with whom the firm contracts, with the aim of inducing full internalization of social costs. We find that, when the firm can take both observable and unobservable care to reduce expected Accident damages, extended liability indeed results in full cost internalization, but not in first-best levels of care. We also find that, whereas without extended liability there is excess entry into Environmentally hazardous industries, introducing extended liability leads to exit that, while excessive relative to the first best, is second-best optimal given firms' choice of care. Furthermore, we show that direct regulation of observable care, when combined with extended liability, further distorts firms' incentives. However, when used alone, such regulation strictly dominates extended liability.
Heidi Foth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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frequency of hprt mutants in humans exposed to vinyl chloride via an Environmental Accident
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2001Co-Authors: Roswitha Becker, Teodora Nikolova, Ilona Wolff, David P Lovell, Edith Huttner, Heidi FothAbstract:The mutant frequency (MF) in the hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) locus of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was measured in a population Environmentally exposed to vinyl chloride - a toxic and carcinogenic substance through an Accidental release into the atmosphere. It was compared to MF in a control group of unexposed individuals. Both groups were re-investigated in a follow-up study, 2 years later. No significant difference could be observed in MF between exposed and controls either at the Accident nor in the follow-up study. Approximately the same mean HPRT mutant frequencies were observed for both groups in T-lymphocytes from blood samples obtained shortly after the Accident and from the follow-up blood samples. Both groups showed a higher mean MF in the re-investigation samples which is most probably due to the significantly lower average cloning efficiency (CE) under non-selective conditions and because of the inverse relationship between CE and MF. The exposed population showed a higher mean T-cell CE at the initial blood sampling as compared to the control group. The concurrent cytogenetic analyses of peripheral lymphocytes showed a significant increase in cells with aberrations in the exposed population. Clastogenic but not mutagenic activity of vinyl chloride was observed in our study.
Emma Hutchinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extended liability for Environmental Accidents what you see is what you get
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2005Co-Authors: Emma Hutchinson, Klaas Van T VeldAbstract:Abstract When a firm may be bankrupted by the liability from an Environmental Accident, current laws often allow for the extension of liability to third parties with whom the firm contracts, with the aim of inducing full internalization of social costs. We find that, when the firm can take both observable and unobservable care to reduce expected Accident damages, extended liability indeed results in full cost internalization, but not in first-best levels of care. We also find that, whereas without extended liability there is excess entry into Environmentally hazardous industries, introducing extended liability leads to exit that, while excessive relative to the first best, is second-best optimal given firms' choice of care. Furthermore, we show that direct regulation of observable care, when combined with extended liability, further distorts firms' incentives. However, when used alone, such regulation strictly dominates extended liability.
Roswitha Becker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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frequency of hprt mutants in humans exposed to vinyl chloride via an Environmental Accident
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2001Co-Authors: Roswitha Becker, Teodora Nikolova, Ilona Wolff, David P Lovell, Edith Huttner, Heidi FothAbstract:The mutant frequency (MF) in the hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) locus of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was measured in a population Environmentally exposed to vinyl chloride - a toxic and carcinogenic substance through an Accidental release into the atmosphere. It was compared to MF in a control group of unexposed individuals. Both groups were re-investigated in a follow-up study, 2 years later. No significant difference could be observed in MF between exposed and controls either at the Accident nor in the follow-up study. Approximately the same mean HPRT mutant frequencies were observed for both groups in T-lymphocytes from blood samples obtained shortly after the Accident and from the follow-up blood samples. Both groups showed a higher mean MF in the re-investigation samples which is most probably due to the significantly lower average cloning efficiency (CE) under non-selective conditions and because of the inverse relationship between CE and MF. The exposed population showed a higher mean T-cell CE at the initial blood sampling as compared to the control group. The concurrent cytogenetic analyses of peripheral lymphocytes showed a significant increase in cells with aberrations in the exposed population. Clastogenic but not mutagenic activity of vinyl chloride was observed in our study.
Ilona Wolff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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frequency of hprt mutants in humans exposed to vinyl chloride via an Environmental Accident
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 2001Co-Authors: Roswitha Becker, Teodora Nikolova, Ilona Wolff, David P Lovell, Edith Huttner, Heidi FothAbstract:The mutant frequency (MF) in the hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) locus of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was measured in a population Environmentally exposed to vinyl chloride - a toxic and carcinogenic substance through an Accidental release into the atmosphere. It was compared to MF in a control group of unexposed individuals. Both groups were re-investigated in a follow-up study, 2 years later. No significant difference could be observed in MF between exposed and controls either at the Accident nor in the follow-up study. Approximately the same mean HPRT mutant frequencies were observed for both groups in T-lymphocytes from blood samples obtained shortly after the Accident and from the follow-up blood samples. Both groups showed a higher mean MF in the re-investigation samples which is most probably due to the significantly lower average cloning efficiency (CE) under non-selective conditions and because of the inverse relationship between CE and MF. The exposed population showed a higher mean T-cell CE at the initial blood sampling as compared to the control group. The concurrent cytogenetic analyses of peripheral lymphocytes showed a significant increase in cells with aberrations in the exposed population. Clastogenic but not mutagenic activity of vinyl chloride was observed in our study.