The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Lionel Camus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of acute exposure to dispersed oil and burned oil residue on long-term survival, growth, and reproductive development in polar cod (Boreogadus saida).
    Marine environmental research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Morgan Lizabeth Bender, Lionel Camus, Marianne Frantzen, S. Le Floch, J. Palerud, Jasmine Nahrgang
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study investigates the potential long-term physiological effects on maturing polar cod (Boreogadus saida), an Arctic key species, after an acute exposure (48 h) to Environmentally realistic concentrations of either mechanically dispersed oil (MDO), chemically dispersed oil (CDO) or burned oil residues (BO) (N = 58–60 per treatment). Following exposure, fish were monitored in a common tank supplied with clean water for a seven-month period coinciding with the period of reproductive development. Females exposed to BO residues were more frequently found in an earlier phase of gonadal maturation compared to unexposed females while no effects of different oil spill response (OSR) actions were seen in the reproductive development of males. Mechanically and chemically dispersed oil induced a transient short-term reduction in growth in the first week post-exposure. Overall, no significant long-term effects of exposure were seen in growth or mortality. Ultimately, this study provides information for the assessment of population consequences of different OSR actions as part of a net Environmental Benefit Analysis.

  • Seasonal ecology in ice-covered Arctic seas - Considerations for spill response decision making.
    Marine environmental research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Magnus Aune, Ana Sofia Aniceto, Martin Biuw, Malin Daase, Stig Falk-petersen, Eva Leu, Camilla A. Meyer Ottesen, Kjetil Sagerup, Lionel Camus
    Abstract:

    Due to retreating sea ice and predictions of undiscovered oil and gas resources, increased activity in Arctic shelf sea areas associated with shipping and oil and gas exploration is expected. Such activities may accidentally lead to oil spills in partly ice-covered ocean areas, which raises issues related to oil spill response. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) is the process that the response community uses to identify which combination of response strategies minimises the impact to environment and people. The vulnerability of Valued Ecosystem Components (VEC's) to oil pollution depends on their sensitivity to oil and the likelihood that they will be exposed to oil. As such, NEBA requires a good ecological knowledge base on biodiversity, species' distributions in time and space, and timing of ecological events. Biological resources found at interfaces (e.g., air/water, ice/water or water/coastline) are in general vulnerable because that is where oil can accumulate. Here, we summarize recent information about the seasonal, physical and ecological processes in Arctic waters and evaluate the importance these processes when considering in oil spill response decision making through NEBA. In spring-time, many boreal species conduct a lateral migration northwards in response to sea ice retraction and increased production associated with the spring bloom. However, many Arctic species, including fish, seabirds and marine mammals, are present in upper water layers in the Arctic throughout the year, and recent research has demonstrated that bioactivity during the Arctic winter is higher than previously assumed. Information on the seasonal presence/absence of less resilient VEC's such as marine mammals and sea birds in combination with the presence/absence of sea ice seems to be especially crucial to consider in a NEBA. In addition, quantification of the potential impact of different, realistic spill sizes on the energy cascade following the spring bloom at the ice-edge would provide important information for assessing ecosystem effects.

  • Environmental effects of Arctic oil spills and spill response technologies, introduction to a 5 year joint industry effort
    Marine environmental research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Lionel Camus, Mathijs G.d. Smit
    Abstract:

    With the level of industrial activities increasing in Arctic areas it is crucial to assure that dedicated oil spill response capabilities and strategies are available for deployment in this region. To further build on existing research and improve technologies and methodologies for Arctic oil spill response, nine oil and gas companies established the Arctic Response Technology Joint Industry Program (ART-JIP) in 2012 with the goal to advance Arctic oil spill response strategies and equipment as well as to increase understanding of potential impacts of oil on the Arctic marine environment. As part of the Environmental effects research program of the ART-JIP a comprehensive review of the Environmental impacts arising from both the oil spill itself and the countermeasures activities was executed. A number of research activities were identified to improve the knowledge base for using a Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) in the Arctic. As a follow-up of the review modelling-, laboratory- and field studies were conducted. The data collected from the review and the additional studies have been organized in an information tool to support tool Arctic NEBA. Results from the studies have improved the understanding of what happens to oil once frozen into ice, how the microbe communities are reacting to oil in ice and what the exposure potential and effects are on the marine organisms that live in association with the ice. This output from the ART-JIP will help managing oil spill impacts and will assist in the definition of a response strategy that minimizes effects to the environment.

  • Biological effects of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on the Icelandic scallop (Chlamys islandica)
    Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 2016
    Co-Authors: Marianne Frantzen, Jasmine Nahrgang, Francesco Regoli, William G. Ambrose, Perrine Geraudie, Maura Benedetti, William L. Locke, Lionel Camus
    Abstract:

    This study aimed to simulate conditions in which dispersant (Dasic NS) might be used to combat an oil spill in coastal sub-Arctic water of limited depth and water exchange in order to produce input data for Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) of Arctic and sub-Arctic coastal areas. Concentration dependent differences in acute responses and long-term effects of a 48h acute exposure to dispersed oil, with and without the application of a chemical dispersant, were assessed on the Arctic filter feeding bivalve Chlamys islandica. Icelandic scallops were exposed for 48h to a range of spiked concentrations of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil. Short-term effects were assessed in terms of lysosomal membrane stability, superoxide dismutase, catalase, gluthatione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, glutathione, total oxyradical scavenging capacity, lipid peroxidation and peroxisomal proliferation. Post-exposure survival, growth and reproductive investment were followed for 2 months to evaluate any long-term consequence. Generally, similar effects were observed in scallops exposed to mechanically and chemically dispersed oil. Limited short-term effects were observed after 48h, suggesting that a different timing would be required for measuring the possible onset of such effects. There was a concentration dependent increase in cumulative post-exposure mortality, but long-term effects on gonadosomatic index, somatic growth/condition factor did not differ among treatments.

Weizheng Kong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Feasible electricity price calculation and Environmental Benefits Analysis of the regional nighttime wind power utilization in electric heating in Beijing
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019
    Co-Authors: Xiuhui Wang, Zhongfu Tan, Chengfeng Long, Weizheng Kong
    Abstract:

    Abstract Facing the aggravation of air pollution and serious wind curtailment in North China, a new way to utilize excess wind power is presented, which is to use the excess nighttime wind from the surrounding areas to provide electric heating in Beijing at night. First, the mechanism of the nighttime electric heating price calculation and its Environmental Benefits are explained from both the supply side and the demand side. Second, considering the economic and Environmental characteristics of electric heating, the electricity price-ceiling calculation model on the demand side, the electricity price-floor calculation model on the supply side, and the Environmental Benefit-Analysis model are formed. Finally, the models are tested by practical data from Beijing, showing that the proposed models are scientific and practicable. The study shows several conclusions. (1) When no subsidy policy is carried out, the regenerative electric heater and the air-sourced heat pump are not economically justified to replace the rural-household coal-fired boiler and coal-burning boiler and the public coal-fired boiler. (2) With the existing subsidy policy, the regenerative electric heater is economically justified to replace the rural-household coal-fired boiler, self-owned coal-burning boiler, and public coal-fired boiler, and the air-sourced heat pump can be the substituted for the rural-household coal-fired boiler. Under different wind–thermal-power ratios, the feasible intervals for the electricity price are respectively [47.12, 48.62], [44.31, 48.62], and [41.51, 48.62]. (3) Compared with the traditional coal-fired heating, wind-sourced electric heating contributes fewer pollutant emissions and more Environmental Benefits.

W.-t. Tsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Utilization of Scrap Tires as an Energy Source and Its Environmental Benefit Analysis in Taiwan
    Energy Sources Part B-economics Planning and Policy, 2015
    Co-Authors: W.-t. Tsai
    Abstract:

    Taiwan, a country in the subtropics, heavily depends on imported energy with over 99% of its energy imported. In this regard, scrap tires for use as an energy source has thus became attractive in the past two decades. The objective of this article is to present a comprehensive Analysis of tire-to-energy in Taiwan. This article gives a concise summary of the current status of scrap tire production and its recycling in recent years. It was found that a major scrap tire market in Taiwan (about three-quarters) is used as fuel in the cement, power, and paper and pulp utilities. Under the authorization of the Energy Management Law, the central competent authority has promulgated the regulations to encourage energy-intensive industries to participate in the cogeneration system through excess electricity purchase and financial incentives. Using the method recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the total energy potential and the Environmental Benefit of mitigating CO2 emissions in place of c...

  • An Analysis of cogeneration system utilized as sustainable energy in the industrial sector in Taiwan
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2007
    Co-Authors: W.-t. Tsai, Kuo-jung Hsien
    Abstract:

    Taiwan is a high energy-importing nation with approximately 98% of our energy supplied by imported fuels in 2004. The energy conservation and/or energy efficiency improvement is becoming vital energy issues in the country. In this regard, cogeneration system or combined heat and power system used for the utilization of waste heat from energy and industrial sectors is thus becoming attractive due to the energy, economic and Environmental policies for pursuing stable electricity supply, sustainable development and Environmental pollution mitigation in Taiwan. The objective of this paper is to present an Analysis of cogeneration system utilized as sustainable energy in the industrial sector in Taiwan. The description in the paper is thus summarized on an Analysis of electricity supply/consumption and its sources from cogeneration system during the past two decades (1984–2004) and then centered on new/revised promotion legislation/regulations especially concerning cogeneration system in the measures of Environmental protection and economic/financial incentives. Finally, we preliminarily present the results of Environmental Benefit Analysis in the greenhouse gases reduction. Based on the data in 2004, it was found that the reduction Benefits of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide were estimated to achieve 3.488×107 and 650 metric tones, respectively.

Natarajan Elumalai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Performance evaluation of a decentralized rooftop solar photovoltaic system with a heat recovery cooling unit
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
    Co-Authors: Revati Duraivelu, Natarajan Elumalai
    Abstract:

    The present work represents a detailed performance Analysis of a 5-kW_p on-grid solar photovoltaic rooftop system installed on a flat roof of a hospital building at a height of 12 m from the ground level, located at Perambalur (latitude 11° 23′ N and longitude 78° 93′ E), Tamilnadu, India. The daily, monthly and annual average performance parameters of the PV system including energy output, final yield, reference yield, array yield, photovoltaic array efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, performance ratio and capacity utilization factor have been analysed. The Environmental Benefit Analysis and the payback period of the installed solar photovoltaic plant are also discussed. This solar photovoltaic power plant generates around 7144 kWh per annum of electrical energy, which is fed into the grid, and the annual average array, inverter, system efficiency, capacity utilization factor and performance ratio of the plant are found to be 12.15%, 97.12%, 11.72%, 16.31% and 76.83%, respectively, during the year 2019. The overall PV module electrical efficiency has been increased by 1.21% by applying the forced air circulation mechanism and 2.31% by applying the forced water circulation mechanism. Subsequently, the heat gained by the system can be utilized for heat load application. The installed solar photovoltaic power plant has a positive impact on greenhouse gas emissions with a reduction of 11.287 t of CO_2, 8.86 kg of SO_2, 18.50 kg of NO_ x and 485.792 kg of ash per annum. The water-based cooling in photovoltaics can potentially generate an output energy of 7310 kWh, which is relatively higher than the energy generated by the photovoltaic module with air cooling.

Bart Baca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.