The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
G C Ebers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Factors and their timing in adult onset multiple sclerosis
Nature Reviews Neurology, 2010Co-Authors: Adam E Handel, G C Ebers, Gavin Giovannoni, Sreeram V RamagopalanAbstract:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, complex neurological disease. Epidemiological data implicate both genetic and Environmental Factors in the etiology of MS, with various Factors interacting with one another. Environmental exposures might occur long before the disease becomes clinically evident, as suggested by the wide range in onset age. In this Review, we examine the key time periods during which the environment might contribute to MS susceptibility, as well as the potential Environmental Factors involved. Understanding the nature of Environmental influences in MS is highly relevant to the development of public health measures that are aimed at preventing this debilitating disease.
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Environmental Factors and multiple sclerosis
Lancet Neurology, 2008Co-Authors: G C EbersAbstract:Summary Studies in Canada have provided strong evidence that Environmental Factors act at a population level to influence the unusual geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the available data accommodate more than one type of Environmental effect. Migration studies show that changes to early environment can greatly affect risk, and there are recent indications that risk can be altered in situ. The rising incidence rates of MS in Canada implied by longitudinal increases in sex ratio place this effect in temporal context and narrow the candidates for mediating the effect of environment. Similarly, geographical patterns in Australia imply that modifiable Environmental Factors hold the key to preventing some 80% of cases. Genetic epidemiology provides overwhelming evidence that genetic background has an important complementary role. If genetic Factors are held constant, the environment sets the disease threshold. Although these could be independent additive risk Factors, it seems more likely that susceptibility is mediated by direct interactions between the environment and genes.
Sreeram V Ramagopalan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Factors and their timing in adult onset multiple sclerosis
Nature Reviews Neurology, 2010Co-Authors: Adam E Handel, G C Ebers, Gavin Giovannoni, Sreeram V RamagopalanAbstract:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, complex neurological disease. Epidemiological data implicate both genetic and Environmental Factors in the etiology of MS, with various Factors interacting with one another. Environmental exposures might occur long before the disease becomes clinically evident, as suggested by the wide range in onset age. In this Review, we examine the key time periods during which the environment might contribute to MS susceptibility, as well as the potential Environmental Factors involved. Understanding the nature of Environmental influences in MS is highly relevant to the development of public health measures that are aimed at preventing this debilitating disease.
Peter Falkai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of Environmental Factors in severe psychiatric
2014Co-Authors: Andrea Schmitt, Berend Malchow, Alkomiet Hasan, Peter FalkaiAbstract:During the last decades, schizophrenia has been regarded as a developmental disorder. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes schizophrenia to be related to genetic and Environmental Factors leading to abnormal brain development during the pre- or postnatal period. First disease symptoms appear in early adulthood during the synaptic pruning and myelination process. Meta-analyses of structural MRI studies revealing hippocampal volume deficits in first-episode patients and in the longitudinal disease course confirm this hypothesis. Apart from the influence of risk genes in severe psychiatric disorders, Environmental Factors may also impact brain development during the perinatal period. Several Environmental Factors such as antenatal maternal virus infections, obstetric complications entailing hypoxia as common factor or stress during neurodevelopment have been identified to play a role in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, possibly contributing to smaller hippocampal volumes. In major depression, psychosocial stress during the perinatal period or in adulthood is an important trigger. In animal studies, chronic stress or repeated administration of glucocorticoids have been shown to induce degeneration of glucocorticoid-sensitive hippocampal neurons and may contribute to the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms altering the chromatin structure such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation may mediate effects of Environmental Factors to transcriptional regulation of specific genes and be a prominent factor in gene-Environmental interaction. In animal models, gene-Environmental interaction should be investigated more intensely to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms. These findings may lead to new therapeutic strategies influencing epigenetic targets in severe psychiatric disorders.
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the impact of Environmental Factors in severe psychiatric disorders
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Andrea Schmitt, Berend Malchow, Alkomiet Hasan, Peter FalkaiAbstract:During the last decades, schizophrenia has been regarded as a developmental disorder. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis proposes schizophrenia to be related to genetic and Environmental Factors leading to abnormal brain development during the pre- or postnatal period. First disease symptoms appear in early adulthood during the synaptic pruning and myelination process. Meta-analyses of structural MRI studies revealing hippocampal volume deficits in first-episode patients and in the longitudinal disease course confirm this hypothesis. Apart from the influence of risk genes in severe psychiatric disorders, Environmental Factors may also impact brain development during the perinatal period. Several Environmental Factors such as antenatal maternal virus infections, obstetric complications entailing hypoxia as common factor or stress during neurodevelopment have been identified to play a role in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, possibly contributing to smaller hippocampal volumes. In major depression, psychosocial stress during the perinatal period or in adulthood is an important trigger. In animal studies, chronic stress or repeated administration of glucocorticoids have been shown to induce degeneration of glucocorticoid-sensitive hippocampal neurons and may contribute to the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms altering the chromatin structure such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation may mediate effects of Environmental Factors to transcriptional regulation of specific genes and be a prominent factor in gene-Environmental interaction. In animal models, gene-Environmental interaction should be investigated more intensely to unravel pathophysiological mechanisms. These findings may lead to new therapeutic strategies influencing epigenetic targets in severe psychiatric disorders.
Qiang Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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response of plant secondary metabolites to Environmental Factors
Molecules, 2018Co-Authors: Li Yang, Xiao Ruan, Yingxian Zhao, Qiang WangAbstract:Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) are not only a useful array of natural products but also an important part of plant defense system against pathogenic attacks and Environmental stresses. With remarkable biological activities, plant SMs are increasingly used as medicine ingredients and food additives for therapeutic, aromatic and culinary purposes. Various genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic and Environmental Factors can influence the biosynthesis and accumulation of SMs. According to the literature reports, for example, SMs accumulation is strongly dependent on a variety of Environmental Factors such as light, temperature, soil water, soil fertility and salinity, and for most plants, a change in an individual factor may alter the content of SMs even if other Factors remain constant. Here, we review with emphasis how each of single Factors to affect the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites, and conduct a comparative analysis of relevant natural products in the stressed and unstressed plants. Expectantly, this documentary review will outline a general picture of Environmental Factors responsible for fluctuation in plant SMs, provide a practical way to obtain consistent quality and high quantity of bioactive compounds in vegetation, and present some suggestions for future research and development.
Adam E Handel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental Factors and their timing in adult onset multiple sclerosis
Nature Reviews Neurology, 2010Co-Authors: Adam E Handel, G C Ebers, Gavin Giovannoni, Sreeram V RamagopalanAbstract:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, complex neurological disease. Epidemiological data implicate both genetic and Environmental Factors in the etiology of MS, with various Factors interacting with one another. Environmental exposures might occur long before the disease becomes clinically evident, as suggested by the wide range in onset age. In this Review, we examine the key time periods during which the environment might contribute to MS susceptibility, as well as the potential Environmental Factors involved. Understanding the nature of Environmental influences in MS is highly relevant to the development of public health measures that are aimed at preventing this debilitating disease.
