The Experts below are selected from a list of 115158 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ester Cerin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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built Environmental correlates of older adults total physical activity and walking a systematic review and meta analysis
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2017Co-Authors: David Barnett, Anthony Barnett, Andrea Nathan, Jelle Van Cauwenberg, Ester CerinAbstract:Identifying attributes of the built environment associated with health-enhancing levels of physical activity (PA) in older adults (≥65 years old) has the potential to inform interventions supporting healthy and active ageing. The aim of this study was to first systematically review and quantify findings on built Environmental correlates of older adults’ PA, and second, investigate differences by type of PA and Environmental attribute Measurement. One hundred articles from peer-reviewed and grey literature examining built Environmental attributes related to total PA met inclusion criteria and relevant information was extracted. Findings were meta-analysed and weighted by article quality and sample size and then stratified by PA and Environmental Measurement method. Associations (p < .05) were found in relation to 26 individual built Environmental attributes across six categories (walkability, residential density/urbanisation, street connectivity, access to/availability of destinations and services, infrastructure and streetscape, and safety) and total PA and walking specifically. Reported individual- and Environmental-level moderators were also examined. Positive Environmental correlates of PA, ranked by strength of evidence, were: walkability (p < .001), safety from crime (p < .001), overall access to destinations and services (p < .001), recreational facilities (p < .001), parks/public open space (p = .002) and shops/commercial destinations (p = .006), greenery and aesthetically pleasing scenery (p = .004), walk-friendly infrastructure (p = .009), and access to public transport (p = .016). There were 26 individual differences in the number of significant associations when the type of PA and Environmental Measurement method was considered. No consistent moderating effects on the association between built Environmental attributes and PA were found. Safe, walkable, and aesthetically pleasing neighbourhoods, with access to overall and specific destinations and services positively influenced older adults’ PA participation. However, when considering the Environmental attributes that were sufficiently studied (i.e., in ≥5 separate findings), the strength of evidence of associations of specific categories of environment attributes with PA differed across PA and Environmental Measurement types. Future research should be mindful of these differences in findings and identify the underlying mechanisms. Higher quality research is also needed.
Ron Johnstone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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semat the next generation of inexpensive marine Environmental monitoring and Measurement systems
Sensors, 2012Co-Authors: Jarrod Trevathan, Ron Johnstone, Tony Chiffings, Ian Atkinson, Neil W Bergmann, Wayne Read, Susan M Theiss, Trina Myers, Tom StevensAbstract:There is an increasing need for Environmental Measurement systems to further science and thereby lead to improved policies for sustainable management. Marine environments are particularly hostile and extremely difficult for deploying sensitive Measurement systems. As a consequence the need for data is greatest in marine environments, particularly in the developing economies/regions. Expense is typically the most significant limiting factor in the number of Measurement systems that can be deployed, although technical complexity and the consequent high level of technical skill required for deployment and servicing runs a close second. This paper describes the Smart
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smart Environmental Measurement and analysis technologies semat wireless sensor networks in the marine environment
Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network Research on Opposite Sides of the Globe (SENSEI), 2008Co-Authors: Ron Johnstone, David Caputo, Umberto M Cella, A Gandelli, Cesare Alippi, Francesco Grimaccia, N Haritos, R E ZichAbstract:The emergence of Environmental issues such as climate change has greatly augmented the need for robust, cheap, operationally adaptable, and smart monitoring systems. The fiscal investment historically needed to achieve high resolution temporal and spatial Environmental data has prevented the collection of data sets adequate for both the detection of critical Environmental change and the development of more reliable predictive models and tools. In this context smart sensor networks are an emerging field of research which combines many challenges of modern computer science, wireless communication and mobile computing. The physical constraints of a sensor network, especially in terms of energy, require an integrated and collaborative approach for the different layers of the network. It is important to develop a communication-efficient solution to manage data distribution modelling in an Environmental sensor system supported by a clustered structure of the network. Thus, sensor networks present significant systems challenges involving the use of large numbers of resource-constrained nodes operating essentially unattended and exposed to potential local communication failures. MEMS technology, more reliable wireless communication and low-cost manufacturing have resulted in small, inexpensive and powerful sensors with embedded processing and wireless networking capability. When the number of sensor nodes becomes large, the centralized approach must be reviewed. In this paper we discuss the strengths and limitations of localized and collaborative methods in supporting services and applications of sensor networks in the life-science with reference to a developmental system operational in Moreton Bay and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
Leslie A Lytle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Measuring the Food Environment: State of the Science
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Leslie A LytleAbstract:The past decades have seen an increased interest in understanding how the environment affects population health. In particular, public health practitioners and researchers alike are eager to know how the food environments of neighborhoods, schools, and worksites affect food choices and, ultimately, population risk for obesity and other diet-related chronic disease. However, the Measurement tools for assessing the environment and the employed study designs have limited our ability to gain important ground. The field has not yet fully considered the psychometric properties of the Environmental Measurement tools, or how to deal with the copious amounts of data generated from many Environmental measures. The field is dominated by research using unsophisticated study designs and has frequently failed to see the role of social and individual factors and how they interrelate with the physical environment. This paper examines some of the Measurement issues to be considered as public health practitioners and researchers attempt to understand the impact of the food environment on the health of communities and takes a broad look at where the science currently is with regard to how the food environment is measured, thoughts on what issues may benefit from more deliberate inspection, and directions for future work.
Gabriele Candiani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of water quality in lake garda italy using hyperion
Remote Sensing of Environment, 2007Co-Authors: Claudia Giardino, Niklas Strömbeck, Arnold G. Dekker, Vittorio E. Brando, Gabriele CandianiAbstract:Abstract For testing the integration of the remote sensing related technologies into the water quality monitoring programs of Lake Garda (the largest Italian lake), the spatial and spectral resolutions of Hyperion and the capability of physics-based approaches were considered highly suitable. Hyperion data were acquired on 22nd July 2003 and water quality was assessed ( i ) defining a bio-optical model, ( ii ) converting the Hyperion at-sensor radiances into subsurface irradiance reflectances, and ( iii ) adopting a bio-optical model inversion technique. The bio-optical model was parameterised using specific inherent optical properties of the lake and light field variables derived from a radiative transfer numerical model. A MODTRAN-based atmospheric correction code, complemented with an air/water interface correction was used to convert Hyperion at-sensor radiances into subsurface irradiance reflectance values. These reflectance values were comparable to in situ reflectance spectra measured during the Hyperion overpass, except at longer wavelengths (beyond 700 nm), where reflectance values were contaminated by severe atmospheric adjacency effects. Chlorophyll-a and tripton concentrations were retrieved by inverting two Hyperion bands selected using a sensitivity analysis applied to the bio-optical model. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the assessment of coloured dissolved organic matter was not achievable in this study due to the limited coloured dissolved organic matter concentration range of the lake, resulting in reflectance differences below the Environmental Measurement noise of Hyperion. The chlorophyll-a and tripton image-products were compared to in situ data collected during the Hyperion overpass, both by traditional sampling techniques (8 points) and by continuous flow-through systems (32 km). For chlorophyll-a the correlation coefficient between in situ point stations and Hyperion-inferred concentrations was 0.77 (data range from 1.30 to 2.16 mg m − 3 ). The Hyperion-derived chlorophyll-a concentrations also match most of the flow-through transect data. For tripton, the validation was constrained by variable re-suspension phenomena. The correlation coefficient between in situ point stations and Hyperion-derived concentrations increased from 0.48 to 0.75 (data range from 0.95 to 2.13 g m − 3 ) if the sampling data from the re-suspension zone was avoided. The comparison of Hyperion-derived tripton concentrations and flow-through transect data exhibited a similar mismatch. The results of this research suggest further studies to address compatibilities of validation methods for water body features with a high rate of change, and to reduce the contamination by atmospheric adjacency effects on Hyperion data at longer wavelengths in Alpine environment. The transferability of the presented method to other sensors and the ability to assess water quality independent from in situ water quality data, suggest that management relevant applications for Lake Garda (and other subalpine lakes) could be supported by remote sensing.
C F H Bishop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an audit tool for Environmental Measurement in the uk food sector
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Marta Salva, Simon Jones, Richard J Marshall, C F H BishopAbstract:Summary An audit toolkit was developed to enable food companies to measure their suppliers in terms of Environmental management. Environmental practices and performance metrics were audited using a customised survey that enabled the quantification of best practice, common practice and areas for improvement. It was tested on six suppliers to a major fresh food company. Key areas of best practice included separation and recycling of waste streams, efforts to reduce use of raw materials, energy, water, pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers. Some suppliers were working with stakeholders to reduce Environmental impacts. The supplier with the best Environmental performance had developed and implemented an Environmental Management Policy and was working towards ISO 14001 accreditation. The study identified four areas for improvement by the suppliers. These were the implementation of an Environmental Management System, the sourcing of more renewable materials and energy, the systematic Measurement of the food miles of products and carbon and water footprinting.