The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Roeland Nusse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wnt β catenin signaling regulates Ependymal Cell development and adult homeostasis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018Co-Authors: Liujing Xing, Teni Anbarchian, Jonathan M. Tsai, Giles W. Plant, Roeland NusseAbstract:In the adult mouse spinal cord, the Ependymal Cell population that surrounds the central canal is thought to be a promising source of quiescent stem Cells to treat spinal cord injury. Relatively little is known about the Cellular origin of Ependymal Cells during spinal cord development, or the molecular mechanisms that regulate Ependymal Cells during adult homeostasis. Using genetic lineage tracing based on the Wnt target gene Axin2, we have characterized Wnt-responsive Cells during spinal cord development. Our results revealed that Wnt-responsive progenitor Cells are restricted to the dorsal midline throughout spinal cord development, which gives rise to dorsal Ependymal Cells in a spatially restricted pattern. This is contrary to previous reports that suggested an exclusively ventral origin of Ependymal Cells, suggesting that Ependymal Cells may retain positional identities in relation to their neural progenitors. Our results further demonstrated that in the postnatal and adult spinal cord, all Ependymal Cells express the Wnt/β-catenin signaling target gene Axin2, as well as Wnt ligands. Genetic elimination of β-catenin or inhibition of Wnt secretion in Axin2-expressing Ependymal Cells in vivo both resulted in impaired proliferation, indicating that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes Ependymal Cell proliferation. These results demonstrate the continued importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling for both Ependymal Cell formation and regulation. By uncovering the molecular signals underlying the formation and regulation of spinal cord Ependymal Cells, our findings thus enable further targeting and manipulation of this promising source of quiescent stem Cells for therapeutic interventions.
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates Ependymal Cell development and adult homeostasis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018Co-Authors: Liujing Xing, Teni Anbarchian, Jonathan M. Tsai, Giles W. Plant, Roeland NusseAbstract:In the adult mouse spinal cord, the Ependymal Cell population that surrounds the central canal is thought to be a promising source of quiescent stem Cells to treat spinal cord injury. Relatively little is known about the Cellular origin of Ependymal Cells during spinal cord development, or the molecular mechanisms that regulate Ependymal Cells during adult homeostasis. Using genetic lineage tracing based on the Wnt target gene Axin2, we have characterized Wnt-responsive Cells during spinal cord development. Our results revealed that Wnt-responsive progenitor Cells are restricted to the dorsal midline throughout spinal cord development, which gives rise to dorsal Ependymal Cells in a spatially restricted pattern. This is contrary to previous reports that suggested an exclusively ventral origin of Ependymal Cells, suggesting that Ependymal Cells may retain positional identities in relation to their neural progenitors. Our results further demonstrated that in the postnatal and adult spinal cord, all Ependymal Cells express the Wnt/β-catenin signaling target gene Axin2, as well as Wnt ligands. Genetic elimination of β-catenin or inhibition of Wnt secretion in Axin2-expressing Ependymal Cells in vivo both resulted in impaired proliferation, indicating that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes Ependymal Cell proliferation. These results demonstrate the continued importance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling for both Ependymal Cell formation and regulation. By uncovering the molecular signals underlying the formation and regulation of spinal cord Ependymal Cells, our findings thus enable further targeting and manipulation of this promising source of quiescent stem Cells for therapeutic interventions.
Raphael Voituriez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ependymal cilia beating induces an actin network to protect centrioles against shear stress
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Alexia Mahuzier, Alice Meunier, Marion Faucourt, Asm Shihavuddin, Clémence Fournier, Pauline Lansade, Nikita Menezes, Meriem Garfa-traoré, Marie-france Carlier, Raphael VoituriezAbstract:Multiciliated Ependymal Cells line all brain cavities. The beating of their motile cilia contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required for brain homoeostasis and functions. Motile cilia, nucleated from centrioles, persist once formed and withstand the forces produced by the external fluid flow and by their own cilia beating. Here, we show that a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating, as shown by the disorganisation of the actin network upon impairment of cilia motility. Moreover, disruption of the actin network, or specifically of the apical actin network, causes motile cilia and their centrioles to detach from the apical surface of Ependymal Cell. In conclusion, cilia beating controls the apical actin network around centrioles; the mechanical resistance of this actin network contributes, in turn, to centriole stability. Ependymal ciliary beating contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles and these cilia resist the flow forces. Here the authors show that the assembly of a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating to protect centrioles against the shear stress generated by ciliary motility.
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Ependymal cilia beating induces an actin network to protect centrioles against shear stress
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Alexia Mahuzier, Alice Meunier, Marion Faucourt, Asm Shihavuddin, Clémence Fournier, Pauline Lansade, Nikita Menezes, Meriem Garfa-traoré, Marie-france Carlier, Raphael VoituriezAbstract:Multiciliated Ependymal Cells line all brain cavities. The beating of their motile cilia contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required for brain homoeostasis and functions. Motile cilia, nucleated from centrioles, persist once formed and withstand the forces produced by the external fluid flow and by their own cilia beating. Here, we show that a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating, as shown by the disorganisation of the actin network upon impairment of cilia motility. Moreover, disruption of the actin network, or specifically of the apical actin network, causes motile cilia and their centrioles to detach from the apical surface of Ependymal Cell. In conclusion, cilia beating controls the apical actin network around centrioles; the mechanical resistance of this actin network contributes, in turn, to centriole stability.
Alexia Mahuzier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ependymal cilia beating induces an actin network to protect centrioles against shear stress
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Alexia Mahuzier, Alice Meunier, Marion Faucourt, Asm Shihavuddin, Clémence Fournier, Pauline Lansade, Nikita Menezes, Meriem Garfa-traoré, Marie-france Carlier, Raphael VoituriezAbstract:Multiciliated Ependymal Cells line all brain cavities. The beating of their motile cilia contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required for brain homoeostasis and functions. Motile cilia, nucleated from centrioles, persist once formed and withstand the forces produced by the external fluid flow and by their own cilia beating. Here, we show that a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating, as shown by the disorganisation of the actin network upon impairment of cilia motility. Moreover, disruption of the actin network, or specifically of the apical actin network, causes motile cilia and their centrioles to detach from the apical surface of Ependymal Cell. In conclusion, cilia beating controls the apical actin network around centrioles; the mechanical resistance of this actin network contributes, in turn, to centriole stability. Ependymal ciliary beating contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles and these cilia resist the flow forces. Here the authors show that the assembly of a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating to protect centrioles against the shear stress generated by ciliary motility.
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Ependymal cilia beating induces an actin network to protect centrioles against shear stress
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Alexia Mahuzier, Alice Meunier, Marion Faucourt, Asm Shihavuddin, Clémence Fournier, Pauline Lansade, Nikita Menezes, Meriem Garfa-traoré, Marie-france Carlier, Raphael VoituriezAbstract:Multiciliated Ependymal Cells line all brain cavities. The beating of their motile cilia contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required for brain homoeostasis and functions. Motile cilia, nucleated from centrioles, persist once formed and withstand the forces produced by the external fluid flow and by their own cilia beating. Here, we show that a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating, as shown by the disorganisation of the actin network upon impairment of cilia motility. Moreover, disruption of the actin network, or specifically of the apical actin network, causes motile cilia and their centrioles to detach from the apical surface of Ependymal Cell. In conclusion, cilia beating controls the apical actin network around centrioles; the mechanical resistance of this actin network contributes, in turn, to centriole stability.
Michael Chopp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stroke induces Ependymal Cell transformation into radial glia in the subventricular zone of the adult rodent brain
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2007Co-Authors: Rui Lan Zhang, Zheng Gang Zhang, Ying Wang, Yvonne Letourneau, Xueguo Zhang, Sara R Gregg, Lei Wang, Michael ChoppAbstract:Adult Ependymal Cells are postmitotic and highly differentiated. Radial glial Cells are neurogenic precursors. Here, we show that stroke acutely stimulated adult Ependymal Cell proliferation, and dividing Ependymal Cells of the lateral ventricle had genotype, phenotype, and morphology of radial glial Cells in the rat. The majority of radial glial Cells exhibited symmetrical division about the Cell cleavage plane, and a radial fiber was maintained throughout each stage of Cell mitosis. Increases of radial glial Cells parallel expansion of neural progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Furthermore, after stroke radial glial Cells derived from the SVZ supported neuron migration. These results indicate that adult Ependymal Cells divide and transform into radial glial Cells after stroke, which could function as neural progenitor Cells to generate new neurons and act as scaffolds to support neuroblast migration towards the ischemic boundary region.
Alice Meunier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ependymal cilia beating induces an actin network to protect centrioles against shear stress
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Alexia Mahuzier, Alice Meunier, Marion Faucourt, Asm Shihavuddin, Clémence Fournier, Pauline Lansade, Nikita Menezes, Meriem Garfa-traoré, Marie-france Carlier, Raphael VoituriezAbstract:Multiciliated Ependymal Cells line all brain cavities. The beating of their motile cilia contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required for brain homoeostasis and functions. Motile cilia, nucleated from centrioles, persist once formed and withstand the forces produced by the external fluid flow and by their own cilia beating. Here, we show that a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating, as shown by the disorganisation of the actin network upon impairment of cilia motility. Moreover, disruption of the actin network, or specifically of the apical actin network, causes motile cilia and their centrioles to detach from the apical surface of Ependymal Cell. In conclusion, cilia beating controls the apical actin network around centrioles; the mechanical resistance of this actin network contributes, in turn, to centriole stability. Ependymal ciliary beating contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles and these cilia resist the flow forces. Here the authors show that the assembly of a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating to protect centrioles against the shear stress generated by ciliary motility.
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Ependymal cilia beating induces an actin network to protect centrioles against shear stress
Nature Communications, 2018Co-Authors: Alexia Mahuzier, Alice Meunier, Marion Faucourt, Asm Shihavuddin, Clémence Fournier, Pauline Lansade, Nikita Menezes, Meriem Garfa-traoré, Marie-france Carlier, Raphael VoituriezAbstract:Multiciliated Ependymal Cells line all brain cavities. The beating of their motile cilia contributes to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which is required for brain homoeostasis and functions. Motile cilia, nucleated from centrioles, persist once formed and withstand the forces produced by the external fluid flow and by their own cilia beating. Here, we show that a dense actin network around the centrioles is induced by cilia beating, as shown by the disorganisation of the actin network upon impairment of cilia motility. Moreover, disruption of the actin network, or specifically of the apical actin network, causes motile cilia and their centrioles to detach from the apical surface of Ependymal Cell. In conclusion, cilia beating controls the apical actin network around centrioles; the mechanical resistance of this actin network contributes, in turn, to centriole stability.
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Ependymal Cell differentiation, from monociliated to multiciliated Cells.
Methods in Cell Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Nathalie Delgehyr, Alice Meunier, Marion Faucourt, Montserrat Bosch Grau, Laetitia Strehl, Carsten Janke, Nathalie SpasskyAbstract:Primary and motile cilia differ in their structure, composition, and function. In the brain, primary cilia are immotile signalling organelles present on neural stem Cells and neurons. Multiple motile cilia are found on the surface of Ependymal Cells in all brain ventricles, where they contribute to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. During development, monociliated Ependymal progenitor Cells differentiate into multiciliated Ependymal Cells, thus providing a simple system for studying the transition between these two stages. In this chapter, we provide protocols for immunofluorescence staining of developing Ependymal Cells in vivo, on whole mounts of lateral ventricle walls, and in vitro, on cultured Ependymal Cells. We also provide a list of markers we currently use to stain both types of cilia, including proteins at the ciliary membrane and tubulin posttranslational modifications of the axoneme.