The Experts below are selected from a list of 110991 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Pru N Foster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Widespread amphibian extinctions from Epidemic Disease driven by global warming
    Nature, 2006
    Co-Authors: J. Alan Pounds, Martin R Bustamante, Luis A Coloma, Jamie A Consuegra, Michael P L Fogden, Pru N Foster, Enrique La Marca, Karen L Masters, Andrés Merino-viteri, Robert Puschendorf
    Abstract:

    As the Earth warms, many species are likely to disappear, often because of changing Disease dynamics. Here we show that a recent mass extinction associated with pathogen outbreaks is tied to global warming. Seventeen years ago, in the mountains of Costa Rica, the Monteverde harlequin frog (Atelopus sp.) vanished along with the golden toad (Bufo periglenes). An estimated 67% of the 110 or so species of Atelopus, which are endemic to the American tropics, have met the same fate, and a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is implicated. Analysing the timing of losses in relation to changes in sea surface and air temperatures, we conclude with 'very high confidence' (> 99%, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) that large-scale warming is a key factor in the disappearances. We propose that temperatures at many highland localities are shifting towards the growth optimum of Batrachochytrium, thus encouraging outbreaks. With climate change promoting infectious Disease and eroding biodiversity, the urgency of reducing greenhouse-gas concentrations is now undeniable.

  • widespread amphibian extinctions from Epidemic Disease driven by global warming
    Nature, 2006
    Co-Authors: Alan J Pounds, Martin R Bustamante, Luis A Coloma, Jamie A Consuegra, Michael P L Fogden, Pru N Foster, Enrique La Marca, Karen L Masters, Andres Merinoviteri
    Abstract:

    As the Earth warms, many species are likely to disappear, often because of changing Disease dynamics. Here we show that a recent mass extinction associated with pathogen outbreaks is tied to global warming. Seventeen years ago, in the mountains of Costa Rica, the Monteverde harlequin frog (Atelopus sp.) vanished along with the golden toad (Bufo periglenes). An estimated 67% of the 110 or so species of Atelopus, which are endemic to the American tropics, have met the same fate, and a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is implicated. Analysing the timing of losses in relation to changes in sea surface and air temperatures, we conclude with ‘very high confidence’ (> 99%, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) that large-scale warming is a key factor in the disappearances. We propose that temperatures at many highland localities are shifting towards the growth optimum of Batrachochytrium, thus encouraging outbreaks. With climate change promoting infectious Disease and eroding biodiversity, the urgency of reducing greenhouse-gas concentrations is now undeniable. The Monteverde harlequin frog became a cause celebre in the debate on global warming and biodiversity when it, together with the golden toad, disappeared from Costa Rican forests in the 1980s. Some claimed global warming as the cause; others that deforestation had damaged the habitat. A new analysis that links the extinction of these and many other amphibians endemic to the American tropics to changes in sea surface and air temperatures may prove conclusive in this round of the debate. The probable agent of the amphibians' demise has been identified too: the warming trend has benefited a fungal pathogen called Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the cause of chytridiomycosis, and tipped the balance against survival of its hosts.

Anthony R Flores - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transcriptome remodeling contributes to Epidemic Disease caused by the human pathogen streptococcus pyogenes
    Mbio, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stephen B Beres, Priyanka Kachroo, Waleed Nasser, Randall J Olsen, Luchang Zhu, Anthony R Flores, Ivan De La Riva, Jesus Paezmayorga
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT For over a century, a fundamental objective in infection biology research has been to understand the molecular processes contributing to the origin and perpetuation of Epidemics. Divergent hypotheses have emerged concerning the extent to which environmental events or pathogen evolution dominates in these processes. Remarkably few studies bear on this important issue. Based on population pathogenomic analysis of 1,200 Streptococcus pyogenes type emm 89 infection isolates, we report that a series of horizontal gene transfer events produced a new pathogenic genotype with increased ability to cause infection, leading to an Epidemic wave of Disease on at least two continents. In the aggregate, these and other genetic changes substantially remodeled the transcriptomes of the evolved progeny, causing extensive differential expression of virulence genes and altered pathogen-host interaction, including enhanced immune evasion. Our findings delineate the precise molecular genetic changes that occurred and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes that contribute to the emergence and persistence of Epidemically successful pathogen clones. The data have significant implications for understanding bacterial Epidemics and for translational research efforts to blunt their detrimental effects. IMPORTANCE The confluence of studies of molecular events underlying pathogen strain emergence, evolutionary genetic processes mediating altered virulence, and Epidemics is in its infancy. Although understanding these events is necessary to develop new or improved strategies to protect health, surprisingly few studies have addressed this issue, in particular, at the comprehensive population genomic level. Herein we establish that substantial remodeling of the transcriptome of the human-specific pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes by horizontal gene flow and other evolutionary genetic changes is a central factor in precipitating and perpetuating Epidemic Disease. The data unambiguously show that the key outcome of these molecular events is evolution of a new, more virulent pathogenic genotype. Our findings provide new understanding of Epidemic Disease.

  • transcriptome remodeling contributes to Epidemic Disease caused by the human pathogen streptococcus pyogenes
    bioRxiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stephen B Beres, Priyanka Kachroo, Waleed Nasser, Randall J Olsen, Luchang Zhu, Anthony R Flores, Ivan De La Riva, Jesus Paezmayorga, Francisco E Jimenez
    Abstract:

    For over a century, a fundamental objective in infection biology research has been to understand the molecular processes contributing to the origin and perpetuation of Epidemics. Divergent hypotheses have emerged concerning the extent to which environmental events or pathogen evolution dominates in these processes. Remarkably few studies bear on this important issue. Based on population pathogenomic analysis of 1200 Streptococcus pyogenes type emm89 infection isolates, we report that a series of horizontal gene transfer events produced a new pathogenic genotype with increased ability to cause infection, leading to an Epidemic wave of Disease on at least two continents. In the aggregate, these and other genetic changes substantially remodeled the transcriptomes of the evolved progeny, causing extensive differential expression of virulence genes and altered pathogen:host interaction, including enhanced immune evasion. Our findings delineate the precise molecular genetic changes that occurred and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes that contribute to the emergence and persistence of Epidemically successful pathogen clones. The data have significant implications for understanding bacterial Epidemics and translational research efforts to blunt their detrimental effects.

Jesus Paezmayorga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transcriptome remodeling contributes to Epidemic Disease caused by the human pathogen streptococcus pyogenes
    Mbio, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stephen B Beres, Priyanka Kachroo, Waleed Nasser, Randall J Olsen, Luchang Zhu, Anthony R Flores, Ivan De La Riva, Jesus Paezmayorga
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT For over a century, a fundamental objective in infection biology research has been to understand the molecular processes contributing to the origin and perpetuation of Epidemics. Divergent hypotheses have emerged concerning the extent to which environmental events or pathogen evolution dominates in these processes. Remarkably few studies bear on this important issue. Based on population pathogenomic analysis of 1,200 Streptococcus pyogenes type emm 89 infection isolates, we report that a series of horizontal gene transfer events produced a new pathogenic genotype with increased ability to cause infection, leading to an Epidemic wave of Disease on at least two continents. In the aggregate, these and other genetic changes substantially remodeled the transcriptomes of the evolved progeny, causing extensive differential expression of virulence genes and altered pathogen-host interaction, including enhanced immune evasion. Our findings delineate the precise molecular genetic changes that occurred and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes that contribute to the emergence and persistence of Epidemically successful pathogen clones. The data have significant implications for understanding bacterial Epidemics and for translational research efforts to blunt their detrimental effects. IMPORTANCE The confluence of studies of molecular events underlying pathogen strain emergence, evolutionary genetic processes mediating altered virulence, and Epidemics is in its infancy. Although understanding these events is necessary to develop new or improved strategies to protect health, surprisingly few studies have addressed this issue, in particular, at the comprehensive population genomic level. Herein we establish that substantial remodeling of the transcriptome of the human-specific pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes by horizontal gene flow and other evolutionary genetic changes is a central factor in precipitating and perpetuating Epidemic Disease. The data unambiguously show that the key outcome of these molecular events is evolution of a new, more virulent pathogenic genotype. Our findings provide new understanding of Epidemic Disease.

  • transcriptome remodeling contributes to Epidemic Disease caused by the human pathogen streptococcus pyogenes
    bioRxiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stephen B Beres, Priyanka Kachroo, Waleed Nasser, Randall J Olsen, Luchang Zhu, Anthony R Flores, Ivan De La Riva, Jesus Paezmayorga, Francisco E Jimenez
    Abstract:

    For over a century, a fundamental objective in infection biology research has been to understand the molecular processes contributing to the origin and perpetuation of Epidemics. Divergent hypotheses have emerged concerning the extent to which environmental events or pathogen evolution dominates in these processes. Remarkably few studies bear on this important issue. Based on population pathogenomic analysis of 1200 Streptococcus pyogenes type emm89 infection isolates, we report that a series of horizontal gene transfer events produced a new pathogenic genotype with increased ability to cause infection, leading to an Epidemic wave of Disease on at least two continents. In the aggregate, these and other genetic changes substantially remodeled the transcriptomes of the evolved progeny, causing extensive differential expression of virulence genes and altered pathogen:host interaction, including enhanced immune evasion. Our findings delineate the precise molecular genetic changes that occurred and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes that contribute to the emergence and persistence of Epidemically successful pathogen clones. The data have significant implications for understanding bacterial Epidemics and translational research efforts to blunt their detrimental effects.

Randall J Olsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transcriptome remodeling contributes to Epidemic Disease caused by the human pathogen streptococcus pyogenes
    Mbio, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stephen B Beres, Priyanka Kachroo, Waleed Nasser, Randall J Olsen, Luchang Zhu, Anthony R Flores, Ivan De La Riva, Jesus Paezmayorga
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT For over a century, a fundamental objective in infection biology research has been to understand the molecular processes contributing to the origin and perpetuation of Epidemics. Divergent hypotheses have emerged concerning the extent to which environmental events or pathogen evolution dominates in these processes. Remarkably few studies bear on this important issue. Based on population pathogenomic analysis of 1,200 Streptococcus pyogenes type emm 89 infection isolates, we report that a series of horizontal gene transfer events produced a new pathogenic genotype with increased ability to cause infection, leading to an Epidemic wave of Disease on at least two continents. In the aggregate, these and other genetic changes substantially remodeled the transcriptomes of the evolved progeny, causing extensive differential expression of virulence genes and altered pathogen-host interaction, including enhanced immune evasion. Our findings delineate the precise molecular genetic changes that occurred and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes that contribute to the emergence and persistence of Epidemically successful pathogen clones. The data have significant implications for understanding bacterial Epidemics and for translational research efforts to blunt their detrimental effects. IMPORTANCE The confluence of studies of molecular events underlying pathogen strain emergence, evolutionary genetic processes mediating altered virulence, and Epidemics is in its infancy. Although understanding these events is necessary to develop new or improved strategies to protect health, surprisingly few studies have addressed this issue, in particular, at the comprehensive population genomic level. Herein we establish that substantial remodeling of the transcriptome of the human-specific pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes by horizontal gene flow and other evolutionary genetic changes is a central factor in precipitating and perpetuating Epidemic Disease. The data unambiguously show that the key outcome of these molecular events is evolution of a new, more virulent pathogenic genotype. Our findings provide new understanding of Epidemic Disease.

  • transcriptome remodeling contributes to Epidemic Disease caused by the human pathogen streptococcus pyogenes
    bioRxiv, 2016
    Co-Authors: Stephen B Beres, Priyanka Kachroo, Waleed Nasser, Randall J Olsen, Luchang Zhu, Anthony R Flores, Ivan De La Riva, Jesus Paezmayorga, Francisco E Jimenez
    Abstract:

    For over a century, a fundamental objective in infection biology research has been to understand the molecular processes contributing to the origin and perpetuation of Epidemics. Divergent hypotheses have emerged concerning the extent to which environmental events or pathogen evolution dominates in these processes. Remarkably few studies bear on this important issue. Based on population pathogenomic analysis of 1200 Streptococcus pyogenes type emm89 infection isolates, we report that a series of horizontal gene transfer events produced a new pathogenic genotype with increased ability to cause infection, leading to an Epidemic wave of Disease on at least two continents. In the aggregate, these and other genetic changes substantially remodeled the transcriptomes of the evolved progeny, causing extensive differential expression of virulence genes and altered pathogen:host interaction, including enhanced immune evasion. Our findings delineate the precise molecular genetic changes that occurred and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary processes that contribute to the emergence and persistence of Epidemically successful pathogen clones. The data have significant implications for understanding bacterial Epidemics and translational research efforts to blunt their detrimental effects.

Andres Merinoviteri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • widespread amphibian extinctions from Epidemic Disease driven by global warming
    Nature, 2006
    Co-Authors: Alan J Pounds, Martin R Bustamante, Luis A Coloma, Jamie A Consuegra, Michael P L Fogden, Pru N Foster, Enrique La Marca, Karen L Masters, Andres Merinoviteri
    Abstract:

    As the Earth warms, many species are likely to disappear, often because of changing Disease dynamics. Here we show that a recent mass extinction associated with pathogen outbreaks is tied to global warming. Seventeen years ago, in the mountains of Costa Rica, the Monteverde harlequin frog (Atelopus sp.) vanished along with the golden toad (Bufo periglenes). An estimated 67% of the 110 or so species of Atelopus, which are endemic to the American tropics, have met the same fate, and a pathogenic chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is implicated. Analysing the timing of losses in relation to changes in sea surface and air temperatures, we conclude with ‘very high confidence’ (> 99%, following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) that large-scale warming is a key factor in the disappearances. We propose that temperatures at many highland localities are shifting towards the growth optimum of Batrachochytrium, thus encouraging outbreaks. With climate change promoting infectious Disease and eroding biodiversity, the urgency of reducing greenhouse-gas concentrations is now undeniable. The Monteverde harlequin frog became a cause celebre in the debate on global warming and biodiversity when it, together with the golden toad, disappeared from Costa Rican forests in the 1980s. Some claimed global warming as the cause; others that deforestation had damaged the habitat. A new analysis that links the extinction of these and many other amphibians endemic to the American tropics to changes in sea surface and air temperatures may prove conclusive in this round of the debate. The probable agent of the amphibians' demise has been identified too: the warming trend has benefited a fungal pathogen called Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the cause of chytridiomycosis, and tipped the balance against survival of its hosts.