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Michael W Mcconnell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dressmakers bakers and the Equality of Rights
    2018
    Co-Authors: Michael W Mcconnell
    Abstract:

    Using recent examples involving dressmakers refusing to create designs for the First Lady at the Trump inauguration, this paper explains why Masterpiece Cakeshop should be decided in favor the baker who refuses to create a wedding cake for a same-sex wedding ceremony, and why this should be understanding as an Equality of Rights, rather than prioritizing free speech over nondiscrimination.

Y A Alebastrov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • on the theory of vector field with a symmetric affinors real vector field in the framework of the standard methods
    2016
    Co-Authors: Y A Alebastrov
    Abstract:

    Attention is drawn to the mathematical Equality of Rights of symmetrical constituents derived affinor of a vector field in relation to its antisymmetric constituents. In this regard, raises the question not only of equitable accounting, but and mainly question of the real existence of fields, represented by these constituents. In particular, we conclude that the classical electromagnetic field at any point of space-time accompanied, in the General case, independent physical field, defined symmetrical derived affinor of 4-potential of classical electrodynamics. Discussed, within the framework of the Bogolyubov and Shirkov axiomatic, a theory of real vector field, clearly and equitably taking into account the symmetric derived affinors this field and found a number of important distinguishing features this model. Despite accounting explicitly gauge-noninvariant constituents, the proposed theory has specialized gauge invariance, which provides, in particular, conservation of electric current. In this connection, the difficulties with the probabilistic interpretation, in the case of indefinite-metric version of the theory, are surmountable by standard methods. Finally, is proposed the physical content of the fields, defined of a symmetrical derived affinor of 4-potential of classical electrodynamics. Keywords: vector field, symmetrical derived affinor, gauge invariance.

Paliulis Edvinas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Whether the system of deposit insurance ensures the Rights of Equality of insured persons?
    2015
    Co-Authors: Paliulis Edvinas
    Abstract:

    Darbe atliekamas tyrimas, kuriuo siekiama nustatyti ar Lietuvos teisės aktais sukuriamos prielaidos finansinių paslaugų vartotojų: indėlininkų, finansinių paslaugų klientų lygiateisiškumo principo įgyvendinimui užtikrinti, kai yra fiksuojamas kredito įstaigos nemokumas ar bankrotas. Pirmoje dalyje nagrinėjama indėlių draudimo samprata, bei indėlių draudimo sistemos raida. Lyginamos Lietuvos ir Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų teisinės sistemos šio tyrimo objekto ribose. Europos Sąjungos teisės indėlių draudimo klausimu taip pat bus nagrinėjama, tačiau bendrai paliečiant tolimesnes darbo dalis, kadangi Lietuvos indėlių draudimo sistema iš esmės pagrįsta ES teisės aktais. Antroje dalyje analizuojamos lygiateisiškumo principo įgyvendinimo prielaidos ir galimybės tarp finansų rinkos dalyvių kredito įstaigos nemokumo ar bankroto atveju. Trečiojoje dalyje analizuojamos praktinės indėlių draudimo problemos kaip: skirtingų valiutų indėlių turėtojų teisių apsauga; bendraturčių ar asmenų turinčių reikalavimo teises į banko indėlius ar sąskaitas; skirtumai tarp profesionalių ir neprofesionalių investuotojų bei vertinamos indėlių draudimo galimybės sudarius sutartis dėl nedraudžiamųjų finansinių priemonių; elektroninių pinigų savininkų lėšų apsaugos problematika. Atlikus mokslinį tyrimą, hipotezė, jog, indėlių draudimo sistema neužtikrina draudžiamų asmenų lygiateisiškumo, pasitvirtino. Indėlininkų ir asmenų, turinčių reikalavimo teises į kredito įstaigoje esančias lėšas, teisių užtikrinimas ir gynimas vertinami skirtingai. Darytina išvada, jog asmenims turintiems vienodas nuosavybės teises lyginant su kitais toje pačioje padėtyje esančiais asmenimis, lėšų grąžinimas yra skirtingas arba draudimo garantijos nesuteikiamos. Indėlių draudimo sistema neįgyvendina lygiateisiškumo pricipo ir lemia sąlyginę diskriminaciją, nes indėlių draudimą reglamentuojantys teisės aktai sukuria skirtingas sąlygas dėl lėšų grąžinimo draudžiamojo įvykio metu. Indėlių draudimo ir įsipareigojimų investuotojams draudimo įstatyme nustatytas draudžiamų asmenų pagal sudarytas sutartis reglamentavimas neatitinka pagrindinių ES direktyvų dėl indėlių kompensavimo sistemų. Tokiu pagrindu sukuriama nevienoda vartotojų nuosavybės teisių apsauga.Paper presents the study carried out to determine whether the Lithuanian legislation creates the preconditions to ensure the implementation of the principle of Equality Rights for financial services users: depositors and financial services customers, when insolvency or bankruptcy of the credit institution is recorded. Topic relevance Up to now, there were no legal scientific papers in the Lithuanian legal doctrine which analyzed the regulation of the deposit compensation system in the context of the protection of insured persons. More investigations on the deposit guarantees in economic terms are done while analyzing deposit insurance effectiveness for the country's financial system. Also, deposit insurance system in the economic point of view is analyzed in more detail in the scientific doctrine of foreign countries. Deposit insurance system is largely based on the peremptory nature. Norms of peremptory law are laid down to protect the public interest and public order. They have clearly expressed prohibitions and peremptory obligations. One of the main legislation regulating the deposit insurance system is Law on Deposit Insurance and Insurance of Liabilities to Investors. It is assumed that the state by creating deposit guarantees in its legal system obliges both the subjects bound by guarantees and even itself to follow these guarantees. However, the dispositive nature can be seen in the deposit insurance system, too. This is a fixed-term bank deposit agreements, bank account agreements as well as agreements on the basis of which various means of payment like electronic money are acquired. One of the main principles of the legal state is the Equality of Rights and equal assurance of opportunities for the persons to implement their existing Rights and (of course) their obligations must be implemented in every law, including case law and national politics by forming protection of the Rights of individuals. Financial market and its legal regulation is not the exception. Deposit insurance system is one of the main financial market systems which effective regulation and protection ensures the productivity in the state economy and in the country's total financial level. However, the country's economic productivity and stability can not violate or otherwise discriminate the individuals. Deposit insurance system, as practice can indicate may create unequal protection of property Rights of the individuals. Main field of the study will be compliance of persons insured according to Law on Deposit Insurance and Insurance of Liabilities to Investors and equated to them persons in the implementation of equal Rights while protecting the property Rights. So, the aim of the paper is to answer the question whether the system of deposit insurance ensures the right of Equality of insured persons? Topic issues In case of an insured event, payments of the state company “Insurance of Deposits and Investment” to depositors amount 100 thousand euro. This is the maximum insured amount for deposits in credit institutions. There are some cases in practice when the depositors and beneficiaries of financial service of the credit institutions do not always regain their deposits and money. In addition, some market participants like holders of deposits in foreign currencies denominated not in US dollars, euro or currencies of EU members, are not protected at all as shows the analysis of legislation. Two questions can be asked here: 1. Could such regulation differentiate the insured persons in similar market conditions? 2. Could such regulation of deposit insurance system infringe the equivalent persons' right to the property? Also, there is an uncertainty and legal disputes on how should be treated one or the other situation in assessing the statutory regulation of deposit insurance and relevant case law. This could be one of the examples of the evaluation of the joint bank account of spouses, deposit account regulation, fund protection of bank account holders, contracts for acquisition of higher-risk financial instruments about which clients not skilled in this field may not have the necessary knowledge and protection of these financial instruments in the case of a bank failure. Hypothesis Lithuanian deposit insurance system does not ensure the equal Rights of insured persons and implementation of the principle. Aim of the scientific research To determine whether insured persons Rights enshrined in legislation to get the compensation in case of bankruptcy of credit institution ensure the implementation of the principle of Equality of the person’s Rights, and to assess whether the insured persons list should be expanded. After scientific research conclusions where made: It can be concluded that the paper’s hypothesis which says that the deposit insurance system does not ensure the implementation of the principle of Equality of Rights of the insured persons is confirmed. Confirmation is done after the analysis of systematic and comparative legislation of Lithuania and European Union and system analysis of legislation of foreign countries regulating deposit insurance and guarantees of compensation. Assurance and defense of the Rights of depositors and individuals receiving other financial services who are in the same or relatively similar interest position are evaluated differently. It can be concluded that repayment of funds is different or there is no insurance guarantees for persons who have equal Rights of ownership compared to other persons in the same position. It is assumed that regulation of the deposit insurance system presupposes non-implementation of principle of Equality of the Rights of financial market consumers and conditional discrimination. Problems of ensuring the implementation of the principle of Equality of Rights occur in the following aspects: no clearly regulation of what is on the list of creditors of the credit institution during bankruptcy proceedings; problematic issues exist because of (non-)separation of individual funds from the bank's assets or debts; as well as in accordance with the definition of the depositor, the question arises due to protection of deposits kept by depositors in different currencies; also the separation of non-professional bank customers from professional investors according to bought financial products; and the protection of electronic money holders marked with problematic aspects in comparison to credit account holders. It is assumed that there should be created the conditions to several persons who have the Rights to a bank deposit or funds to receive refunds in equal parts. Also, there should be created opportunities for consumption bank account holders who have the ownership and management Rights to the available funds in a credit institution not to include the above-mentioned funds to deposits. Funds of consumption account holders could be regulated like funds of depository accounts which are not covered by the limited deposit insurance, and all the funds available in the account are subject to refund. Deposits kept in the credit institution not in the EU euro and the US dollars are non-repayable for depositors at all. But it should be noted that all persons keeping deposits in the bank, bank branch or credit union are recognized as depositors. It should be created conditions for persons who fall within the limits of deposit insurance system to implement their Rights separately from the beneficiary of deposits. Study results conclude that the principle of Equality of the Rights between financial market participants is not properly implemented.Teisės fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Saіenko O.s. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Constitutional and legal support for the implementation of the principle of gender Equality in Ukraine in the light of foreign experience
    2020
    Co-Authors: Саєнко, Олександр Сергійович, Saіenko O.s.
    Abstract:

    Висвітлено проблемні питання методологічних підходів до розуміння «гендеру» як одного із центральних і фундаментальних понять сучасного суспільства, складнощі застосування гендерного підходу в юридичній науці. Надана авторська дефініція «гендеру» як правової категорії. Доведено, що конструювання гендеру завжди пов’язано з індивідуальною гендерною ідентичністю. Запропоновано право на гендерну ідентичність розглядати в об’єктивному і суб’єктивному значенні. Досліджено принцип гендерної рівності як складової загального конституційного принципу рівності прав і свобод, запропоновано авторське визначення гендерної рівності. Здійснено порівняльно-історичний аналіз процесів становлення та розвитку ідеї гендерної рівності, механізмів інтеграції принципів гендерної рівності в міжнародно-правових документах і діяльності міжнародних організацій у структурі ООН, Ради Європи та ЄС, забезпечення гендерної рівності в окремих європейських країнах. Розглянуто теоретико-методологічні засади формування гендерної політики, організаційно-правове забезпечення гендерної рівності та механізми її реалізації в Україні. Сформульовано змістовні пропозиції та рекомендації щодо удосконалення і модернізації нормативно-правового та інституціонального забезпечення ґендерної рівності в Україні. Освещаются проблемные вопросы методологических подходов к пониманию «гендера» как одного из центральных и фундаментальных понятий современного общества, сложности применения гендерного подхода в юридической науке. Дается авторская дефиниция «гендера» как правовой категории. Доказывается, что конструирование гендера всегда связано с индивидуальной гендерной идентичностью, предлагается право на гендерную идентичность рассматривать в объективном и субъективном смысле. Исследован принцип гендерного равенства как составная общего конституционного принципа равенства прав и свобод, предлагается авторское определение гендерного равенства. Осуществлен сравнительно-исторический анализ процессов становления и развития идеи гендерного равенства, механизмов интеграции принципов гендерного равенства в международно-правовых документах и в деятельности международных организаций в структуре ООН, Совета Европы и ЕС, обеспечение гендерного равенства в отдельных европейских странах. Рассматриваются теоретико-методологические основы формирования гендерной политики, организационно-правовое обеспечение гендерного равенства и механизмы его реализации в Украине. Сформулированы содержательные предложения и рекомендации по совершенствованию и модернизации нормативно-правового и институционального обеспечения гендерного равенства в Украине. The dissertation is one of the first in Ukraine comprehensive research on the essence of the right to gender identity of a human, in the light of modern developing trends of society. The dissertation contains theoretical conclusions and suggestions 19 for improving the legal regulation of gender Equality, as well as mechanisms for its implementation. The problems of methodological approaches to understanding «gender» as one of the central and fundamental concepts of modern society, the complexity of applying the gender approach in legal science are highlighted. It is argued that the development of legal science requires mastering new progressive theoretical and methodological approaches to gender issues. The analysis of the category «gender» revealed the pluralism of approaches to the definition of the concept of «gender», which in a broad sense is a complex conceptual construction. Gender is one of the characteristics that most fully reveal the essence of an individual in society, and gender identification is the most important aspect of its formation. As a social institute, gender is developed on the basis of the ideology of humanism, whose essence at all times remains a person, his needs and interests, which are viewed through the prism of the self-worth of human life. The definition of «gender» from the axiological point of view is justified as an integral part of a person’s bio-social value, a personal non-pecuniary good, which is an integral component of the individual essence and human right. It is argued that gender as a legal category is a deep internal awareness of a person of his or her gender affiliation, which can both coincide and not coincide with gender by birth, which determines the pattern of behavior in interpersonal relationships and relations in major institutions of society. The acquirer argues that the concept of «right to gender identity» should be considered in an objective and subjective sense. In an objective sense, the human right to gender identity is a constitutional-legal institute, which is a set of legal norms that consolidate and regulate social relations in the sphere of the implementation of socio-gender self-identification of a person, based on the principles of freedom, dignity and autonomy, within a single the legal field; in a subjective sense, it is a natural, inalienable personality and guaranteed by the Constitution and laws the possibility of independent and free awareness of oneself as a representative of a certain socio- cultural gender and, if necessary, the application of law enforcement measures in the manner prescribed by law. From the standpoint of a comprehensive system-analytical approach, the concept of gender Equality is formulated as a complex legal structure with a multilevel structure. The demands of modern life have intensified legal studies of the principle of gender Equality, which in the legal plane functions as a component of the general constitutional principle of Equality of Rights and freedoms, which is one of the basic principles of the constitutional status of a person and citizen and the principles of democratic construction of society. Therefore, for the accuracy of understanding of the subject of the dissertation, the main methodological approaches and some opinions of scientific discourse on the general legal concept of «Equality» in legal thought were considered. According to the author, the theory of gender Equality is reduced not only to the idea of equal Rights of men and women, but also to a comprehensive study and consideration of the peculiarities of the functioning of each gender and gender. That is, gender Equality, being a component of the general principle of Equality, is related to the idea that all persons of any gender and gender identity have the right to freely develop their personal abilities and to make choices without restrictions based on stereotypes, gender mainstreaming and prejudice. Only the comprehensive provision of equal Rights and opportunities for people with different gender identities guarantees a balanced development of society and the achievement of the common welfare. The European experience of promoting and ensuring gender Equality is characterized; the activities of the European institutions regarding the achievement of gender parity in society are analyzed. The analysis of the evolution and formulation of gender Equality within the Council of Europe and the European Union shows the transformation of the shift of the concept of gender from a scientific discourse into a legal field and presentation in the form of a comprehensive and clearly structured system of programs, strategies and regulatory mechanisms formed on the basis of the concept of gender approach. The study concluded that the main focus of the Council of Europe’s work on gender Equality is the issue of: combating gender stereotypes and sexism; preventing and combating violence against women; ensuring balanced participation of women and men in decision-making in political and public life; promoting gender mainstreaming in all Council of Europe strategies and activities, developing an integrated approach to gender Equality. Based on the preliminary analysis of actions and trends in the field of gender Equality in Ukraine, meaningful proposals and recommendations for improving and modernizing the legal and institutional framework for gender Equality in Ukraine have been formulated to bring Ukraine closer to European gender standards

Hidayat, Rizki Chairi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • PERWUJUDAN ASAS KESAMAAN HAK DAN PARIMIRMA SEBAGAI LANDASAN PEMBAGIAN WARISAN PADA MASYARAKAT PATRILINEAL (Studi Putusan Nomor 35/PDT/2016/PT.DPS dan Putusan Nomor 439/PDT/2015/PT.MDN)
    2020
    Co-Authors: Hidayat, Rizki Chairi
    Abstract:

    Rizki Chairi Hidayat, Dr. Rachmi Sulistyarini, SH., MH. , Fitri Hidayat, SH., MH. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Email : Rizkich.20@gmail.com   ABSTRAK Peneliti mengangkat permasalahan mengenai perwujudan asas kesamaan hak dan parimirma dalam pembagian warisan pada masyarakat patrilineal Bali dan Batak dikarenakan ketidaklengkapan norma (incomplete Norm) terhadap asas tersebut dengan sistem pewarisan yang ada pada hukum waris adat terutama sistem pewarisan berdasarkan keturunan khususnya patrilineal. Sehingga menyebabkan perbedaan acuan yang digunakan para pihak dalam menuntut hak mewaris. Adapun jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kasus. Bahan-bahan hukum yang diteliti diperoleh melalui penelurusan kepustakaan yang dianalisis dengan metode interpretasi gramatikal dan interpretasi analogis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat diketauhui bahwa para hakim telah mewujudkan asas kesamaan hak dan parimirma dalam memutus perkara pembagian warisan pada masyarakat patrilineal. Sehingga menurut hakim, anak perempuan pada masyarakat bali dan batak berhak mendapatkan warisan dari kedua orangtuanya. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa pada sistem pewarisan masyarakat Bali dan Batak telah mengalami perkembangan budaya pada masyarakatnya karena menuju kearah persamaan kedudukan antara pria dan wanita yang mana tidak membedakan pembagian warisan berdasarkan gender. Kata Kunci : Asas kesamaan hak, Asas perimirma, pembagian warisan, Patrilineal.   ABSTRACT This research is focused on studying realisation of principles of equal Rights and parimirma (compassion) in the division of inheritance in patrilineal society of Bali and Batak due to incomplete norm between the principles and inheritance system in adat law concerning inheritance in patrilineal system. This incompleteness leads to discrepancy of reference used by parties when they sue over this issue. This research was based on normative juridical method with case approach. All the research data was obtained from library research, which was further analysed with analogical and grammatical interpretations. The research result reveals that judges have implemented the principles of equal Rights and parimirma in passing judgement concerning inheritance division in the society with patrilineal system. Therefore, judges believe that a daughter in Balinese and Batak culture has a right to receive inheritance from her both parents. It indicates that the inheritance system in Bali and Batak has experienced a cultural change in the society because it tends to show Equality of Rights between men and women where the division of inheritance is not performed based on gender. Keywords: principles of equal Rights, parimirma, division of inheritance, patrilineal