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Heidi E. Drummer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 3 (Equine coital exanthema virus), Equine gammaHerpesviruses 2 and 5, Equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, Equine arteritis virus and Equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction.
    Australian Veterinary Journal, 2001
    Co-Authors: K. Dynon, Michael J Studdert, Carol A Hartley, Annalisa Varrasso, Nino Ficorilli, G. H. Reubel, Heidi E. Drummer
    Abstract:

    Objective To develop rapid (< 8 hour) tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV3; Equine coital exanthema virus), Equine gammaHerpesviruses 2 (EHV2) and EHV5, Equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1), EAdV2, Equine arteritis virus (EAV), Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV; formerly Equine rhinovirus 1) Design Either single round or second round (seminested) PCRs were developed and validated. Methods Oligonucleotide primers were designed that were specific for each virus, PCR conditions were defined and the specificity and sensitivity of the assays were determined. The application of the tests was validated using a number of independent virus isolates for most of the viruses studied. The PCRs were applied directly to clinical samples where samples were available. Results We developed a single round PCR for the diagnosis of EHV3, a seminested PCR for EHV2 and single round PCRs for EHV5, EAdV1, EAdV2 and RT-PCRs for EAV and ERAV. The PCR primer sets for each virus were designed and shown to be highly specific (did not amplify any recognised non-target template) and sensitive (detection of minimal amounts of virus) and, where multiple virus isolates were available all isolates were detected. Conclusion The development and validation of a comprehensive panel of PCR diagnostic tests, predominantly for viruses causing Equine respiratory disease, that can be completed within 8 hours from receipt of clinical samples, provides a major advance in the rapid diagnosis or exclusion diagnosis of these endemic Equine virus diseases in Australia.

  • the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein g homologue of Equine Herpesvirus 3 ehv3 indicates ehv3 is a distinct equid alphaHerpesvirus
    Archives of Virology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Carol A Hartley, Heidi E. Drummer, M J Studdert
    Abstract:

    EHV3 causes Equine coital exanthema and has been classified as an alphaHerpesvirus on the basis of its biological properties; however due to the absence of any sequence information the phylogenetic relationship has not previously been examined. The complete nucleotide sequence of the EHV3 glycoprotein G (gG) gene was determined and showed that this virus is most closely related to the alphaHerpesviruses Equine Herpesviruses type 1 (EHV 1) and type 4 (EHV4). EHV3 gG contains conserved and variable regions which are homologous to those previously defined for EHV1 and EHV4 gG proteins. Consistent with EHV1 and EHV4 gG, the variable region of EHV3 gG was found to elicit a strong antibody response in experimentally and naturally infected horses and could be exploited for use as a diagnostic reagent.

Carol A Hartley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Identification of Equine Herpesvirus 3 (Equine coital exanthema virus), Equine gammaHerpesviruses 2 and 5, Equine adenoviruses 1 and 2, Equine arteritis virus and Equine rhinitis A virus by polymerase chain reaction.
    Australian Veterinary Journal, 2001
    Co-Authors: K. Dynon, Michael J Studdert, Carol A Hartley, Annalisa Varrasso, Nino Ficorilli, G. H. Reubel, Heidi E. Drummer
    Abstract:

    Objective To develop rapid (< 8 hour) tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV3; Equine coital exanthema virus), Equine gammaHerpesviruses 2 (EHV2) and EHV5, Equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1), EAdV2, Equine arteritis virus (EAV), Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV; formerly Equine rhinovirus 1) Design Either single round or second round (seminested) PCRs were developed and validated. Methods Oligonucleotide primers were designed that were specific for each virus, PCR conditions were defined and the specificity and sensitivity of the assays were determined. The application of the tests was validated using a number of independent virus isolates for most of the viruses studied. The PCRs were applied directly to clinical samples where samples were available. Results We developed a single round PCR for the diagnosis of EHV3, a seminested PCR for EHV2 and single round PCRs for EHV5, EAdV1, EAdV2 and RT-PCRs for EAV and ERAV. The PCR primer sets for each virus were designed and shown to be highly specific (did not amplify any recognised non-target template) and sensitive (detection of minimal amounts of virus) and, where multiple virus isolates were available all isolates were detected. Conclusion The development and validation of a comprehensive panel of PCR diagnostic tests, predominantly for viruses causing Equine respiratory disease, that can be completed within 8 hours from receipt of clinical samples, provides a major advance in the rapid diagnosis or exclusion diagnosis of these endemic Equine virus diseases in Australia.

  • the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein g homologue of Equine Herpesvirus 3 ehv3 indicates ehv3 is a distinct equid alphaHerpesvirus
    Archives of Virology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Carol A Hartley, Heidi E. Drummer, M J Studdert
    Abstract:

    EHV3 causes Equine coital exanthema and has been classified as an alphaHerpesvirus on the basis of its biological properties; however due to the absence of any sequence information the phylogenetic relationship has not previously been examined. The complete nucleotide sequence of the EHV3 glycoprotein G (gG) gene was determined and showed that this virus is most closely related to the alphaHerpesviruses Equine Herpesviruses type 1 (EHV 1) and type 4 (EHV4). EHV3 gG contains conserved and variable regions which are homologous to those previously defined for EHV1 and EHV4 gG proteins. Consistent with EHV1 and EHV4 gG, the variable region of EHV3 gG was found to elicit a strong antibody response in experimentally and naturally infected horses and could be exploited for use as a diagnostic reagent.

Kirisawa Rikio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Isolation of Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) from Equine coital exanthema of two stallions and sero-epidemiology of EHV-3 infection in Japan
    'Japanese Society of Veterinary Science', 2017
    Co-Authors: Kirisawa Rikio, Toishi Yuko, Soejima Kosuke, Miyashita Taisuke, Tsunoda Nobuo
    Abstract:

    In the spring of 2015, two stallions reared in Farms A and B in Hokkaido in Japan showed symptoms of Equine coital exanthema. Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) was isolated from penis swab samples of both stallions, and the isolates from each stallion in Farms A and B were designated as SS-1 and YS-1 strains, respectively. BamHI restriction profiles of SS-1 and Japanese reference strain Iwate-1 were indistinguishable, but the BamHI-A fragment of YS-1 was larger than those of SS-1 and Iwate-1 by 1.9 kbp because of the lack of two BamHI sites. Nucleotide sequence analyses of glycoprotein G (gG), gB, gC and VP13/14 coding regions revealed that SS-1 and YS-1 had 99.77% to 100% identities to each other. These results suggested that the origins of SS-1 and YS-1 were different. For a sero-epidemiological survey, serum neutralizing tests using SS-1 against 319 sera of horses from eight farms in Hokkaido were conducted. Six of the eight farms were EHV-3 antibody-positive, and positive rates ranged from 2.6% to 17.6%. To determine the infection time of four EHV-3 antibody-positive horses, a retrospective study was conducted. Infection time of the four horses was in the breeding season, and re-infection or reactivation of latently infected EHV-3 might have occurred in one horse. However, these four horses had never shown any clinical symptoms. The results suggested that several EHV-3 strains are distributed in Japan and that infection is maintained widely in horses without clinical symptoms

  • Occurrence of Equine coital exanthema (ECE) in stallions in Japan and effectiveness of treatment with valacyclovir for ECE
    'Japanese Society of Veterinary Science', 2017
    Co-Authors: Toishi Yuko, Tsunoda Nobuo, Kirisawa Rikio
    Abstract:

    Equine coital exanthema (ECE) has been reported in many countries, but Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) has been isolated only once in Japan. In 2015, symptoms of ECE were found, and EHV-3 was isolated in two stallions. Valacyclovir, an anti-Herpesvirus agent, was administered orally. The stallions rested from mating for more than two weeks, causing enormous financial losses because of their high fees. This is the first study in which valacyclovir was administered for ECE. Though valacyclovir treatment did not shorten the duration of healing, the affected area did not expand after administration of valacyclovir. Valacyclovir therefore seems to be effective for suppression of EHV-3 infection. Further investigation about the administration protocol might be required

M J Studdert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein g homologue of Equine Herpesvirus 3 ehv3 indicates ehv3 is a distinct equid alphaHerpesvirus
    Archives of Virology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Carol A Hartley, Heidi E. Drummer, M J Studdert
    Abstract:

    EHV3 causes Equine coital exanthema and has been classified as an alphaHerpesvirus on the basis of its biological properties; however due to the absence of any sequence information the phylogenetic relationship has not previously been examined. The complete nucleotide sequence of the EHV3 glycoprotein G (gG) gene was determined and showed that this virus is most closely related to the alphaHerpesviruses Equine Herpesviruses type 1 (EHV 1) and type 4 (EHV4). EHV3 gG contains conserved and variable regions which are homologous to those previously defined for EHV1 and EHV4 gG proteins. Consistent with EHV1 and EHV4 gG, the variable region of EHV3 gG was found to elicit a strong antibody response in experimentally and naturally infected horses and could be exploited for use as a diagnostic reagent.

Tsunoda Nobuo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Isolation of Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) from Equine coital exanthema of two stallions and sero-epidemiology of EHV-3 infection in Japan
    'Japanese Society of Veterinary Science', 2017
    Co-Authors: Kirisawa Rikio, Toishi Yuko, Soejima Kosuke, Miyashita Taisuke, Tsunoda Nobuo
    Abstract:

    In the spring of 2015, two stallions reared in Farms A and B in Hokkaido in Japan showed symptoms of Equine coital exanthema. Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) was isolated from penis swab samples of both stallions, and the isolates from each stallion in Farms A and B were designated as SS-1 and YS-1 strains, respectively. BamHI restriction profiles of SS-1 and Japanese reference strain Iwate-1 were indistinguishable, but the BamHI-A fragment of YS-1 was larger than those of SS-1 and Iwate-1 by 1.9 kbp because of the lack of two BamHI sites. Nucleotide sequence analyses of glycoprotein G (gG), gB, gC and VP13/14 coding regions revealed that SS-1 and YS-1 had 99.77% to 100% identities to each other. These results suggested that the origins of SS-1 and YS-1 were different. For a sero-epidemiological survey, serum neutralizing tests using SS-1 against 319 sera of horses from eight farms in Hokkaido were conducted. Six of the eight farms were EHV-3 antibody-positive, and positive rates ranged from 2.6% to 17.6%. To determine the infection time of four EHV-3 antibody-positive horses, a retrospective study was conducted. Infection time of the four horses was in the breeding season, and re-infection or reactivation of latently infected EHV-3 might have occurred in one horse. However, these four horses had never shown any clinical symptoms. The results suggested that several EHV-3 strains are distributed in Japan and that infection is maintained widely in horses without clinical symptoms

  • Occurrence of Equine coital exanthema (ECE) in stallions in Japan and effectiveness of treatment with valacyclovir for ECE
    'Japanese Society of Veterinary Science', 2017
    Co-Authors: Toishi Yuko, Tsunoda Nobuo, Kirisawa Rikio
    Abstract:

    Equine coital exanthema (ECE) has been reported in many countries, but Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) has been isolated only once in Japan. In 2015, symptoms of ECE were found, and EHV-3 was isolated in two stallions. Valacyclovir, an anti-Herpesvirus agent, was administered orally. The stallions rested from mating for more than two weeks, causing enormous financial losses because of their high fees. This is the first study in which valacyclovir was administered for ECE. Though valacyclovir treatment did not shorten the duration of healing, the affected area did not expand after administration of valacyclovir. Valacyclovir therefore seems to be effective for suppression of EHV-3 infection. Further investigation about the administration protocol might be required