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Stephan Staudacher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-Speed Shadowgraphy Measurements of an Erosive Particle-Laden Jet Under High-Pressure Compressor Conditions
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-transactions of The Asme, 2017Co-Authors: Max Hufnagel, Christian Werner-spatz, Christian Koch, Stephan StaudacherAbstract:Erosive damage done to jet engine compressor blading by solid Particles has a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic properties and hence decreases performance. The Erosive change of shape has been investigated in a multitude of experiments ranging from eroding flat plates to eroding full engines. The basic challenge to transfer the results from very simple tests to real life erosion remains. Up to date measurement techniques today allow closing this gap. The necessary experimental and analytical steps are shown. The erosion resistance of Ti–6Al–4V at realistic flow conditions with fluid velocities ranging from 200 to 400 m/s is used. The erodent used was quartz sand with a size distribution corresponding to standardized Arizona Test Dust A3 (1–120 μm). Flat plates out of Ti–6Al–4V were eroded at different impingement angles. The Particle velocities and sizes were investigated using a high-speed laser shadowgraphy technique. A dimensional analysis was carried out to obtain nondimensional parameters suitable for describing erosion. Different averaging methods of the Particle velocity were examined in order to identify a representative Particle velocity. Compared to the fluid velocity and the mean Particle velocity, the energy averaged Particle velocity is found to be the best representation of the Erosiveness of a Particle stream. The correlations derived from the dimensional analysis are capable of precisely predicting erosion rates for different rig operating points (OPs). The results can be applied to the methodology published by Schrade et al. (2015, “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Erosive Change of Shape for High-Pressure Compressors,” ASME Paper No. GT2015-42061).
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High-Speed Shadowgraphy Measurements of an Erosive Particle-Laden Jet Under High-Pressure Compressor Conditions
Volume 2D: Turbomachinery, 2017Co-Authors: Max Hufnagel, Christian Koch, Stephan Staudacher, Christian Werner-spatzAbstract:Erosive damage done to jet engine compressor blading by solid Particles has a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic properties and hence decreases performance. The Erosive change of shape has been investigated in a multitude of experiments ranging from eroding flat plates to eroding full engines. The basic challenge to transfer the results from very simple tests to real life erosion remains. Up to date measurement techniques today allow closing this gap. The necessary experimental and analytical steps are shown. The erosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V at realistic flow conditions with fluid velocities ranging from 200 to 400 m/s is used. The erodent used was quartz sand with a size distribution corresponding to standardized Arizona Test Dust A3 (1 to 120 μm). Flat plates out of Ti-6Al-4V were eroded at different impingement angles. The Particle velocities and sizes were investigated using a high speed laser shadowgraphy technique. A dimensional analysis was carried out to obtain nondimensional parameters suitable for describing erosion. Different averaging methods of the Particle velocity were examined in order to identify a representative Particle velocity. Compared to the fluid velocity and the mean Particle velocity, the energy averaged Particle velocity is found to be the best representation of the Erosiveness of a Particle stream. The correlations derived from the dimensional analysis are capable of precisely predicting erosion rates for different rig operating points. The results can be applied to the methodology published in [1].
Christian Werner-spatz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-Speed Shadowgraphy Measurements of an Erosive Particle-Laden Jet Under High-Pressure Compressor Conditions
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-transactions of The Asme, 2017Co-Authors: Max Hufnagel, Christian Werner-spatz, Christian Koch, Stephan StaudacherAbstract:Erosive damage done to jet engine compressor blading by solid Particles has a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic properties and hence decreases performance. The Erosive change of shape has been investigated in a multitude of experiments ranging from eroding flat plates to eroding full engines. The basic challenge to transfer the results from very simple tests to real life erosion remains. Up to date measurement techniques today allow closing this gap. The necessary experimental and analytical steps are shown. The erosion resistance of Ti–6Al–4V at realistic flow conditions with fluid velocities ranging from 200 to 400 m/s is used. The erodent used was quartz sand with a size distribution corresponding to standardized Arizona Test Dust A3 (1–120 μm). Flat plates out of Ti–6Al–4V were eroded at different impingement angles. The Particle velocities and sizes were investigated using a high-speed laser shadowgraphy technique. A dimensional analysis was carried out to obtain nondimensional parameters suitable for describing erosion. Different averaging methods of the Particle velocity were examined in order to identify a representative Particle velocity. Compared to the fluid velocity and the mean Particle velocity, the energy averaged Particle velocity is found to be the best representation of the Erosiveness of a Particle stream. The correlations derived from the dimensional analysis are capable of precisely predicting erosion rates for different rig operating points (OPs). The results can be applied to the methodology published by Schrade et al. (2015, “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Erosive Change of Shape for High-Pressure Compressors,” ASME Paper No. GT2015-42061).
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High-Speed Shadowgraphy Measurements of an Erosive Particle-Laden Jet Under High-Pressure Compressor Conditions
Volume 2D: Turbomachinery, 2017Co-Authors: Max Hufnagel, Christian Koch, Stephan Staudacher, Christian Werner-spatzAbstract:Erosive damage done to jet engine compressor blading by solid Particles has a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic properties and hence decreases performance. The Erosive change of shape has been investigated in a multitude of experiments ranging from eroding flat plates to eroding full engines. The basic challenge to transfer the results from very simple tests to real life erosion remains. Up to date measurement techniques today allow closing this gap. The necessary experimental and analytical steps are shown. The erosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V at realistic flow conditions with fluid velocities ranging from 200 to 400 m/s is used. The erodent used was quartz sand with a size distribution corresponding to standardized Arizona Test Dust A3 (1 to 120 μm). Flat plates out of Ti-6Al-4V were eroded at different impingement angles. The Particle velocities and sizes were investigated using a high speed laser shadowgraphy technique. A dimensional analysis was carried out to obtain nondimensional parameters suitable for describing erosion. Different averaging methods of the Particle velocity were examined in order to identify a representative Particle velocity. Compared to the fluid velocity and the mean Particle velocity, the energy averaged Particle velocity is found to be the best representation of the Erosiveness of a Particle stream. The correlations derived from the dimensional analysis are capable of precisely predicting erosion rates for different rig operating points. The results can be applied to the methodology published in [1].
Alejandro Toro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of Particle size and solids concentration on the transition from moderate to severe slurry wear regimes of ASTM A743 grade CA6NM stainless steel
Tribology International, 2018Co-Authors: D.a. López, J. Zapata, M. Sepúlveda, E. Hoyos, Alejandro ToroAbstract:Abstract The role of Particle size and solids concentration on the slurry erosion of a stainless steel was studied with base in laboratory tests and data from field inspections of two Pelton turbines. The slurry for the laboratory tests was composed of water and SiO2 sand Particles with mean diameter ranging from 50 to 655 μm and solids concentrations up to 1200 mg l−1. The wear rate increased linearly with solids concentration within the range studied, while the sensitivity of the surface to changes in Erosive Particle size decreased with the Particle size. A critical Particle size range for the moderate-to-severe wear regime transition was found, which is practically unaffected by the variety of solids concentrations considered in this study.
Max Hufnagel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-Speed Shadowgraphy Measurements of an Erosive Particle-Laden Jet Under High-Pressure Compressor Conditions
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-transactions of The Asme, 2017Co-Authors: Max Hufnagel, Christian Werner-spatz, Christian Koch, Stephan StaudacherAbstract:Erosive damage done to jet engine compressor blading by solid Particles has a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic properties and hence decreases performance. The Erosive change of shape has been investigated in a multitude of experiments ranging from eroding flat plates to eroding full engines. The basic challenge to transfer the results from very simple tests to real life erosion remains. Up to date measurement techniques today allow closing this gap. The necessary experimental and analytical steps are shown. The erosion resistance of Ti–6Al–4V at realistic flow conditions with fluid velocities ranging from 200 to 400 m/s is used. The erodent used was quartz sand with a size distribution corresponding to standardized Arizona Test Dust A3 (1–120 μm). Flat plates out of Ti–6Al–4V were eroded at different impingement angles. The Particle velocities and sizes were investigated using a high-speed laser shadowgraphy technique. A dimensional analysis was carried out to obtain nondimensional parameters suitable for describing erosion. Different averaging methods of the Particle velocity were examined in order to identify a representative Particle velocity. Compared to the fluid velocity and the mean Particle velocity, the energy averaged Particle velocity is found to be the best representation of the Erosiveness of a Particle stream. The correlations derived from the dimensional analysis are capable of precisely predicting erosion rates for different rig operating points (OPs). The results can be applied to the methodology published by Schrade et al. (2015, “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Erosive Change of Shape for High-Pressure Compressors,” ASME Paper No. GT2015-42061).
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High-Speed Shadowgraphy Measurements of an Erosive Particle-Laden Jet Under High-Pressure Compressor Conditions
Volume 2D: Turbomachinery, 2017Co-Authors: Max Hufnagel, Christian Koch, Stephan Staudacher, Christian Werner-spatzAbstract:Erosive damage done to jet engine compressor blading by solid Particles has a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic properties and hence decreases performance. The Erosive change of shape has been investigated in a multitude of experiments ranging from eroding flat plates to eroding full engines. The basic challenge to transfer the results from very simple tests to real life erosion remains. Up to date measurement techniques today allow closing this gap. The necessary experimental and analytical steps are shown. The erosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V at realistic flow conditions with fluid velocities ranging from 200 to 400 m/s is used. The erodent used was quartz sand with a size distribution corresponding to standardized Arizona Test Dust A3 (1 to 120 μm). Flat plates out of Ti-6Al-4V were eroded at different impingement angles. The Particle velocities and sizes were investigated using a high speed laser shadowgraphy technique. A dimensional analysis was carried out to obtain nondimensional parameters suitable for describing erosion. Different averaging methods of the Particle velocity were examined in order to identify a representative Particle velocity. Compared to the fluid velocity and the mean Particle velocity, the energy averaged Particle velocity is found to be the best representation of the Erosiveness of a Particle stream. The correlations derived from the dimensional analysis are capable of precisely predicting erosion rates for different rig operating points. The results can be applied to the methodology published in [1].
F.s. Pettit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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REVIEW OF THE EROSION-CORROSION OF METALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES
Advanced Materials '93, 1994Co-Authors: N. Birks, B. Patts, F.s. PettitAbstract:Publisher Summary The upper temperatures of heat cycles used in energy generation are limited by mechanical properties and resistance to attack by the ambient atmosphere. Although oxidation forms a passivating surface layer, solid Particles in the hot gases can cause extensive damage by Erosive action, which compromises the existence of a passive scale. Erosion–corrosion reactions are normally followed by measuring the weight change of the specimen as a function of time. The data must be interpreted with some caution due to erodent retention, particularly if the Particles penetrated the metal surface. Studies of the erosion–corrosion of commercial alloys provide results for comparing alloy behavior, but it is more difficult to provide a detailed mechanistic interpretation of their behavior. The understanding about all erosion–corrosion mechanisms lies in a description of the way in which an Erosive Particle impact affects the surface oxide and surface layers of the metal. Under erosion, the lateral advance of the protective oxides is restricted and the surface is held in a state of extended transient oxidation in which all of the oxides that form are removed by erosion.