The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Cathleen C Piazza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • On the relative contributions of positive reinforcement and Escape Extinction in the treatment of food refusal.
    Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2020
    Co-Authors: Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Charles S Gulotta, Bari M Sevin, Stacy A Layer
    Abstract:

    We compared the effects of positive reinforcement alone, Escape Extinction alone, and positive reinforcement with Escape Extinction in the treatment of the food and fluid refusal of 4 children who had been diagnosed with a pediatric feeding disorder. Consumption did not increase when positive reinforcement was implemented alone. By contrast, consumption increased for all participants when Escape Extinction was implemented, independent of the presence or absence of positive reinforcement. However, the addition of positive reinforcement to Escape Extinction was associated with beneficial effects (e.g., greater decreases in negative vocalizations and inappropriate behavior) for some participants.

  • Utensil manipulation during initial treatment of pediatric feeding problems.
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jonathan W. Wilkins, Cathleen C Piazza, Valerie M Volkert, Rebecca A. Groff, Jennifer M. Kozisek, Suzanne M. Milnes
    Abstract:

    Childrenwithfeedingdisordersexhibitavarietyofproblembehaviorsduringmeals.Onemethodoftreating problem mealtime behavior is to implement interventions sequentially after the problembehavior emerges (e.g., Sevin, Gulotta, Sierp, Rosica, & Miller, 2002). Alternatively, interventionscould target problem behavior in anticipation of its emergence. In the current study, weimplementednonremovalandre-presentationofbiteseitheronaspoonoronaNukfor12childrenwith feeding problems. The nonremoval and re-presentation treatment improved feeding behaviorfor8of12children.Ofthose8children,5hadlowerlevelsofexpulsions,and4ofthe8childrenhadhigherlevelsofmouthcleanwiththeNukthanwiththespoon.Wedescribethesubsequentclinicalcourse of treatment and present follow-up data for 7 of the 8 children who responded to thenonremoval and re-presentation treatment with the spoon or Nuk. The data are discussed intermsof potential reasons why the utensil manipulation improved feeding behavior for some children.Key words: Escape Extinction, expulsion, feeding disorder, Nuk, pediatric feeding disorders, re-presentation

  • A COMPARISON OF SENSORY INTEGRATIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES AS TREATMENT FOR PEDIATRIC FEEDING DISORDERS
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
    Co-Authors: Laura R. Addison, Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Melanie H Bachmeyer, Kristi M. Rivas, Suzanne M. Milnes, Jackie Oddo
    Abstract:

    We compared the effects of Escape Extinction (EE) plus noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) with sensory integration therapy as treatment for the feeding problems of 2 children. Results indicated that EE plus NCR was more effective in increasing acceptance, decreasing inappropriate behavior, and increasing amount consumed relative to sensory integration for both children. The results are discussed in terms of the challenges of evaluating sensory-integration-based treatments, and the reasons why component analyses of multicomponent treatments like sensory integration are important.

  • Escape as reinforcement and Escape Extinction in the treatment of feeding problems
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2011
    Co-Authors: Robert H Larue, Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Victoria Stewart, Valerie M Volkert, Jason R Zeleny
    Abstract:

    Given the effectiveness of putative Escape Extinction as treatment for feeding problems, it is surprising that little is known about the effects of Escape as reinforcement for appropriate eating during treatment. In the current investigation, we examined the effectiveness of Escape as reinforcement for mouth clean (a product measure of swallowing), Escape as reinforcement for mouth clean plus Escape Extinction (EE), and EE alone as treatment for the food refusal of 5 children. Results were similar to those of previous studies, in that reinforcement alone did not result in increases in mouth clean or decreases in inappropriate behavior (e.g., Piazza, Patel, Gulotta, Sevin, & Layer, 2003). Increases in mouth clean and decreases in inappropriate behavior occurred when the therapist implemented EE independent of the presence or absence of reinforcement. Results are discussed in terms of the role of negative reinforcement in the etiology and treatment of feeding problems.

  • spoon distance fading with and without Escape Extinction as treatment for food refusal
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kristi D Rivas, Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Melanie H Bachmeyer
    Abstract:

    Little is known about the characteristics of meals that serve as motivating operations (MOs) for Escape behavior. In the current investigation, we showed that the distance at which a therapist held a spoon from a child's lips served as an MO for Escape behavior. Based on these results, we implemented spoon distance fading, compared fading with and without Escape Extinction (EE), and compared fading plus EE to EE alone. Initially, inappropriate mealtime behavior decreased during fading, but this effect was not maintained as fading progressed. Inappropriate mealtime behavior was lower initially when we combined fading and EE relative to EE alone, but acceptance increased more rapidly with EE than with fading plus EE. These results suggest that a number of mealtime characteristics might function as MOs for Escape behavior and that analyses of MOs may be useful for developing treatments for food refusal.

Meeta R Patel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • On the relative contributions of positive reinforcement and Escape Extinction in the treatment of food refusal.
    Journal of applied behavior analysis, 2020
    Co-Authors: Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Charles S Gulotta, Bari M Sevin, Stacy A Layer
    Abstract:

    We compared the effects of positive reinforcement alone, Escape Extinction alone, and positive reinforcement with Escape Extinction in the treatment of the food and fluid refusal of 4 children who had been diagnosed with a pediatric feeding disorder. Consumption did not increase when positive reinforcement was implemented alone. By contrast, consumption increased for all participants when Escape Extinction was implemented, independent of the presence or absence of positive reinforcement. However, the addition of positive reinforcement to Escape Extinction was associated with beneficial effects (e.g., greater decreases in negative vocalizations and inappropriate behavior) for some participants.

  • A COMPARISON OF SENSORY INTEGRATIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES AS TREATMENT FOR PEDIATRIC FEEDING DISORDERS
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
    Co-Authors: Laura R. Addison, Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Melanie H Bachmeyer, Kristi M. Rivas, Suzanne M. Milnes, Jackie Oddo
    Abstract:

    We compared the effects of Escape Extinction (EE) plus noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) with sensory integration therapy as treatment for the feeding problems of 2 children. Results indicated that EE plus NCR was more effective in increasing acceptance, decreasing inappropriate behavior, and increasing amount consumed relative to sensory integration for both children. The results are discussed in terms of the challenges of evaluating sensory-integration-based treatments, and the reasons why component analyses of multicomponent treatments like sensory integration are important.

  • Escape as reinforcement and Escape Extinction in the treatment of feeding problems
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2011
    Co-Authors: Robert H Larue, Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Victoria Stewart, Valerie M Volkert, Jason R Zeleny
    Abstract:

    Given the effectiveness of putative Escape Extinction as treatment for feeding problems, it is surprising that little is known about the effects of Escape as reinforcement for appropriate eating during treatment. In the current investigation, we examined the effectiveness of Escape as reinforcement for mouth clean (a product measure of swallowing), Escape as reinforcement for mouth clean plus Escape Extinction (EE), and EE alone as treatment for the food refusal of 5 children. Results were similar to those of previous studies, in that reinforcement alone did not result in increases in mouth clean or decreases in inappropriate behavior (e.g., Piazza, Patel, Gulotta, Sevin, & Layer, 2003). Increases in mouth clean and decreases in inappropriate behavior occurred when the therapist implemented EE independent of the presence or absence of reinforcement. Results are discussed in terms of the role of negative reinforcement in the etiology and treatment of feeding problems.

  • spoon distance fading with and without Escape Extinction as treatment for food refusal
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kristi D Rivas, Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Melanie H Bachmeyer
    Abstract:

    Little is known about the characteristics of meals that serve as motivating operations (MOs) for Escape behavior. In the current investigation, we showed that the distance at which a therapist held a spoon from a child's lips served as an MO for Escape behavior. Based on these results, we implemented spoon distance fading, compared fading with and without Escape Extinction (EE), and compared fading plus EE to EE alone. Initially, inappropriate mealtime behavior decreased during fading, but this effect was not maintained as fading progressed. Inappropriate mealtime behavior was lower initially when we combined fading and EE relative to EE alone, but acceptance increased more rapidly with EE than with fading plus EE. These results suggest that a number of mealtime characteristics might function as MOs for Escape behavior and that analyses of MOs may be useful for developing treatments for food refusal.

  • use of a high probability instructional sequence to increase compliance to feeding demands in the absence of Escape Extinction
    Behavioral Interventions, 2007
    Co-Authors: Meeta R Patel, Gregory K Reed, Cathleen C Piazza, Melanie H Bachmeyer, Michael M Mueller, Stacy A Layer
    Abstract:

    We evaluated the effects of a high-probability (high-p) instructional sequence on the feeding-related compliance (food acceptance) of a young boy diagnosed with a feeding disorder. The high-p sequence consisted of three presentations of an empty spoon; the low-probability (low-p) instruction was the presentation of a spoon with food. Results showed that acceptance of food increased in the presence and not the absence of the high-p sequence. Data are discussed in terms of the role of high-p instructional sequences in the treatment of feeding problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Teresa E. Pawlowska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • defying muller s ratchet ancient heritable endobacteria Escape Extinction through retention of recombination and genome plasticity
    Mbio, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mizue Naito, Teresa E. Pawlowska
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT   Heritable endobacteria, which are transmitted from one host generation to the next, are subjected to evolutionary forces that are different from those experienced by free-living bacteria. In particular, they suffer consequences of Muller’s ratchet, a mechanism that leads to Extinction of small asexual populations due to fixation of slightly deleterious mutations combined with the random loss of the most-fit genotypes, which cannot be recreated without recombination. Mycoplasma-related endobacteria (MRE) are heritable symbionts of fungi from two ancient lineages, Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and Mucoromycotina . Previous studies revealed that MRE maintain unusually diverse populations inside their hosts and may have been associated with fungi already in the early Paleozoic. Here we show that MRE are vulnerable to genomic degeneration and propose that they defy Muller’s ratchet thanks to retention of recombination and genome plasticity. We suggest that other endobacteria may be capable of raising similar defenses against Muller’s ratchet.

  • Defying Muller’s Ratchet: Ancient Heritable Endobacteria Escape Extinction through Retention of Recombination and Genome Plasticity
    Mbio, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mizue Naito, Teresa E. Pawlowska
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT   Heritable endobacteria, which are transmitted from one host generation to the next, are subjected to evolutionary forces that are different from those experienced by free-living bacteria. In particular, they suffer consequences of Muller’s ratchet, a mechanism that leads to Extinction of small asexual populations due to fixation of slightly deleterious mutations combined with the random loss of the most-fit genotypes, which cannot be recreated without recombination. Mycoplasma-related endobacteria (MRE) are heritable symbionts of fungi from two ancient lineages, Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and Mucoromycotina . Previous studies revealed that MRE maintain unusually diverse populations inside their hosts and may have been associated with fungi already in the early Paleozoic. Here we show that MRE are vulnerable to genomic degeneration and propose that they defy Muller’s ratchet thanks to retention of recombination and genome plasticity. We suggest that other endobacteria may be capable of raising similar defenses against Muller’s ratchet.

Melanie H Bachmeyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Noncontingent and differential reinforcement in the treatment of pediatric feeding problems
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2019
    Co-Authors: Diane P. Berth, Melanie H Bachmeyer, Caitlin A. Kirkwood, Courtney R. Mauzy, Billie J. Retzlaff, Amanda L. Gibson
    Abstract:

    We conducted functional analyses of the inappropriate mealtime behavior of 5 children diagnosed with feeding problems. Then, we compared the effects of differential and noncontingent reinforcement, and the relative effects of Escape Extinction with and without differential or noncontingent reinforcement, when Escape Extinction appeared necessary. Both reinforcement procedures were effective without Escape Extinction to treat food refusal for 1 child, but only differential reinforcement was effective without Escape Extinction to treat the child's liquid refusal. Escape Extinction was necessary for 4 of 5 children. The addition of positive reinforcement resulted in beneficial effects (i.e., more stable acceptance, decreased inappropriate mealtime behavior or negative vocalizations) with 3 of 4 children. With Escape Extinction, differential reinforcement was more effective to treat food refusal for 2 children and noncontingent reinforcement was more effective for 1 child.

  • A COMPARISON OF SENSORY INTEGRATIVE AND BEHAVIORAL THERAPIES AS TREATMENT FOR PEDIATRIC FEEDING DISORDERS
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
    Co-Authors: Laura R. Addison, Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Melanie H Bachmeyer, Kristi M. Rivas, Suzanne M. Milnes, Jackie Oddo
    Abstract:

    We compared the effects of Escape Extinction (EE) plus noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) with sensory integration therapy as treatment for the feeding problems of 2 children. Results indicated that EE plus NCR was more effective in increasing acceptance, decreasing inappropriate behavior, and increasing amount consumed relative to sensory integration for both children. The results are discussed in terms of the challenges of evaluating sensory-integration-based treatments, and the reasons why component analyses of multicomponent treatments like sensory integration are important.

  • spoon distance fading with and without Escape Extinction as treatment for food refusal
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kristi D Rivas, Cathleen C Piazza, Meeta R Patel, Melanie H Bachmeyer
    Abstract:

    Little is known about the characteristics of meals that serve as motivating operations (MOs) for Escape behavior. In the current investigation, we showed that the distance at which a therapist held a spoon from a child's lips served as an MO for Escape behavior. Based on these results, we implemented spoon distance fading, compared fading with and without Escape Extinction (EE), and compared fading plus EE to EE alone. Initially, inappropriate mealtime behavior decreased during fading, but this effect was not maintained as fading progressed. Inappropriate mealtime behavior was lower initially when we combined fading and EE relative to EE alone, but acceptance increased more rapidly with EE than with fading plus EE. These results suggest that a number of mealtime characteristics might function as MOs for Escape behavior and that analyses of MOs may be useful for developing treatments for food refusal.

  • FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF MULTIPLY CONTROLLED INAPPROPRIATE MEALTIME BEHAVIOR
    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
    Co-Authors: Melanie H Bachmeyer, Gregory K Reed, Cathleen C Piazza, Kristi D Rivas, Laura D. Fredrick, Heather J. Kadey
    Abstract:

    Functional analyses identified children whose inappropriate mealtime behavior was maintained by Escape and adult attention. Function-based Extinction procedures were tested individually and in combination. Attention Extinction alone did not result in decreases in inappropriate mealtime behavior or a significant increase in acceptance. By contrast, Escape Extinction alone resulted in a decrease in inappropriate mealtime behavior and an increase in acceptance. However, inappropriate mealtime behavior did not decrease to clinically acceptable levels. A combined Extinction technique (i.e., Escape and attention Extinction) resulted in a decrease in inappropriate mealtime behavior to clinically acceptable levels and high and stable acceptance.

  • Treatment of Selective and Inadequate Food Intake in Children: A Review and Practical Guide
    Behavior Analysis in Practice, 2009
    Co-Authors: Melanie H Bachmeyer
    Abstract:

    Treatment of highly selective or low overall eating by children may prevent the development of more complicated feeding difficulties, which can result in compromised health status and developmental concerns as well as the need for more intensive interventions. Caregiver-friendly intervention strategies that can be implemented with children in their community environments (e.g., in the child’s home or school) may reduce the need for tertiary care. A small but growing number of studies have found that certain behavioral procedures can be effective in the absence of Escape Extinction with children who have established eating patterns (i.e., inadequate intake, selectivity by food type). This article reviews these procedural variations within the behavioral pediatric feeding literature and provides a practical guide for individuals who develop behavioral interventions for children in community settings.

Stacy A Layer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.