The Experts below are selected from a list of 5508 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Takao Tsuji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Ent plasmid
DNA Research, 2009Co-Authors: Sadayuki Ochi, Michio Kato, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Yoshio Ichinose, Tohru Shimizu, Kaori Ohtani, Kentaro Tsukamoto, Takao TsujiAbstract:We report here the complete nucleotide sequence of pEntH10407 (65 147 bp), an enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin plasmid (Ent plasmid), which is self-transmissible at low frequency. Within the plasmid, we identified 100 open reading frames (ORFs) which could encode polypeptides. These ORFs included regions encoding heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STIa) Enterotoxins, regions encoding tools for plasmid replication and an incomplete tra (conjugation) region. The LT and STIa region was located 13.5 kb apart and was surrounded by three IS1s and an IS600 in opposite reading orientations, indicating that the Enterotoxin genes may have been horizontally transferred into the plasmid. We identified a single RepFIIA replication region (2.0 kb) including RepA proteins similar to RepA1, RepA2, RepA3 and RepA4. The incomplete tra region was made up of 17 tra genes, which were nearly identical to the corresponding genes of R100, and showed evidence of multiple insertions of ISEc8 and ISEc8-like elements. These data suggest that pEntH10407 has the mosaic nature characteristic of bacterial virulence plasmids, which contains information about its evolution. Although the tra genes might originally have rendered pEntH10407 self-transferable to the same degree as R100, multiple insertion events have occurred in the tra region of pEntH10407 to make it less mobile. Another self-transmissible plasmid might help pEntH10407 to transfer efficiently into H10407 strain. In this paper, we suggest another possibility: that the enterotoxigenic H10407 strain might be formed by auto-transfer of pEntH10407 at a low rate using the incomplete tra region.
-
Mutant Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin as a mucosal adjuvant induces specific Th1 responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to nasal killed-bacillus calmette-guerin in mice.
Vaccine, 2006Co-Authors: Hiroki Takahashi, Keiko Sasaki, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Sadayuki Ochi, Miyuki Takahashi, Naoko Shigemori, Shyunichi Honda, Naoya Ohara, Takao TsujiAbstract:On single nasal immunization of mice with killed-bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) plus a mutant Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin, delayed-type hypersensitivity was induced and BCG-infection decreased. Spleen cells, particularly CD4+ T cells among them produced IL-2, IFNgamma and TNFalpha in response to the killed-BCG or purified protein derivatives. CD8+ T cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes produced IFNgamma and TNFalpha. However, both types of T cells reacted a little to Ag85B. The mutant induces cellular immunity to nasal killed-BCG vaccine and decreases BCG-infection. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produce cytokines effective for tuberculosis. Although killed-BCG loses some antigens like Ag85B, nasal killed-BCG plus the mutant is useful for tuberculosis.
-
A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin inducing a specific Thl-type of T cells to varicella-zoster vaccine enhances the production of IL-12 by IFNgamma-stimulated macrophages.
Vaccine, 2005Co-Authors: Toshiyasu Shimizu, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Sadayuki Ochi, Tomomasa Yano, Keiji Oguma, Takashi Yokochi, Takao TsujiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin induces specific Thl-type T cells to varicella-zoster vaccine. The mutant increased IL-12p40, TNFalpha and nitric oxide production by IFNgamma-stimulated bone marrow macrophages but cholera toxin did not. Anti-TNFalpha antibodies blocked its stimulation of IL-12p40 production but iNOS inhibitor did not. IL-12p40 and IL-12p35 production was stimulated at the level of mRNA formation by the mutant. Cholera toxin suppressed IL-12beta1 expression by spleen T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies but the mutant did not. These findings indicate that the mutant may induce Thl-type response to the vaccine through its IL-12 and TNFalpha induction by macrophages.
-
Induction of Thymus-Derived γδ T Cells by Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin B Subunit in Peritoneal Cavities of Mice
Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Toshiyasu Shimizu, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Sadayuki Ochi, Takashi Yokochi, Naoko Shigemori, Eddy Bagus Wasito, Takao TsujiAbstract:We examined the activation of intraperitoneal T cells in BALB/c mice by the Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin B subunit, which induced a specific Th2 type of T-cell response to intraperitoneally coadministered bovine immunoglobulin G. The numbers of both γδ and αβ T cells increased significantly after intraperitoneal administration of the B subunit in a time-dependent manner; these numbers were not affected by the B-subunit G33D mutant, which is defective in GM1 ganglioside-binding ability. Early after administration a small number of γδ T cells produced either interleukin-4 (IL-4) or gamma interferon, while late after administration primarily IL-10-producing γδ T cells were detected. γδ T cells induced by the B subunit did not express a characteristic V gene over the time course of the study. The induction of γδ T cells did not occur in athymic nu/nu mice but could be induced upon transplantation of fetal AKR thymus-like αβ T cells. γδ T cells in athymic nu/nu mice with a fetal thymic graft predominantly expressed the donor Thy-1.1 antigen but not the host Thy-1.2 antigen. The induction of these T cells, however, could not be restored by coadministration of the B subunit with peritoneal cells from normal mice. These results suggest that the B subunit activates intraperitoneal γδ and αβ T cells in a manner dependent upon its ability to bind to GM1 ganglioside. γδ T cells induced by the B subunit are Th2-type cells derived from the thymus. These γδ T cells may be functionally involved in specific Th2 responses to the B subunit, which possibly acts as an adjuvant through the influence of αβ T cells.
-
Induction of cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins tested with pernasal coadministration of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Journal of medical virology, 2003Co-Authors: Takao Tsuji, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Sadayuki Ochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yoshio Ichinose, Hitoshi Sato, Michiko Arita, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Takashi YokochiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin promotes the induction of cellular immunity to a live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. An investigation was carried out to determine which of the purified glycoproteins of the virus among three induced cellular immunity with a single nasal administration. Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. Purified gE:gI and gB have been reported to be the strongest stimulators of cellular immunity to varicella upon subcutaneous injection and are useful as a subunit vaccine. All the glycoproteins tested are excellent stimulators of cellular immunity to the virus and itself on nasal co-immunization with the toxin. J. Med. Virol. 69:451–458, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Yoshizo Asano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Live varicella vaccine polarizes the mucosal adjuvant action of cholera toxin or its B subunit on specific Th1-type helper T cells with a single nasal coadministration in mice.
Journal of medical virology, 2003Co-Authors: Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Sadayuki Ochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yoshizo Asano, Yoshio Ichinose, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Masaaki Iwanaga, Takao TsujiAbstract:This study was undertaken to determine whether the specific Th1- or Th2-cell response to varicella-zoster virus was induced predominantly by a mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin, in mice. A commercially available live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) and cholera toxin or its B subunit were administered simultaneously via the nasal route. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to the Oka vaccine was induced, but the systemic neutralizing antibody response was low. The delayed-type hypersensitivity evoked after a single administration was relatively higher than that on administration three times. When spleen cells from mice immunized once with the vaccine and cholera toxin or its B subunit were restimulated with the live vaccine in vitro, there was greater thymidine uptake and production of interleukin- 2 (IL-2) than controls, but only a low level of IL-4 production. The production of IL-2 induced by the B subunit of cholera toxin was less than that by cholera toxin and a mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin on co-immunization with the vaccine in mice. Cholera toxin and its B subunit have been reported to induce predominantly a specific Th2-type T-cell response to various antigens. However, the Oka vaccine is an antigen that polarizes the activation of specific Th1/Th2-type T cells by cholera toxin or its B subunit to the Th1-type side. Cholera toxin and its B subunit are thus useful mucosal adjuvants for inducing cellular immunity to the Oka vaccine similar to Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin.
-
Long-term persistence of cellular immunity to Oka vaccine virus induced by pernasal co-administration with Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Vaccine, 2001Co-Authors: Naoki Kamiya, Keiko Sasaki, Takashi Yokochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yasuko Honma, Yoshizo Asano, Hidetsugu Kawase, Junji Yoshino, Takao TsujiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin induced cellular immunity to a live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. The persistence of this cellular immunity was investigated. A commercially available live Oka vaccine virus and toxin were administered once simultaneously via the nasal route, in mice. Ten or 12 months later, a delayed-type hypersensitivity to the vaccine virus was detected by footpad test, but an antibody neutralizing the varicella-zoster virus was not. When spleen cells from mice immunized with the vaccine and toxin were re-stimulated by live vaccine in vitro, their thymidine uptake and IL-2 production were higher than those from mice immunized with the vaccine alone, but lower than those of spleen cells prepared from mice 2 months after nasal administration. Production of IL-4 in these cells, however, was not induced by re-stimulation in vitro. These results suggest that although humoral immunity for Oka vaccine virus is only weakly induced by one co-administration of the vaccine and toxin, cellular immunity is induced and maintained over 1 year, though it declines with age. The nasal administration of the vaccine and toxin might be effective for maintaining cellular immunity to the varicella-zoster virus long term.
-
Adjuvant action of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin for delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus on pernasal co-administration in mice
Vaccine, 2000Co-Authors: Keiko Sasaki, Takashi Yokochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yasuko Honma, Yoshizo Asano, Naoki Kamiya, Tadatoshi Handa, Yoshio Ichinose, Takao TsujiAbstract:The usefulness of a mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin for the induction of cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus as a mucosal adjuvant is assessed in mice. When a commercially available live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) and toxin were once administered simultaneously via the nasal route, delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus was significantly induced and detected by footpad test in mice. Moreover, when spleen cells from mice immunized with the vaccine and toxin were re-stimulated with live vaccine in vitro, they showed more thymidine uptake and produced more IL-2 than those from mice immunized with the vaccine alone. These results suggest that mutant Enterotoxin has adjuvant action to induce a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus on nasal co-administration with live vaccine virus.
-
Humoral immunoresponse to varicella-zoster virus pernasally coadministered with Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Vaccine, 2000Co-Authors: Takao Tsuji, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Hiroshi Sato, Jiang Yue-mea, Yasuko Honma, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Yoshizo AsanoAbstract:It is evaluated whether Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin is useful for induction of immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. When a commercially available live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) and toxin were administered simultaneously via a nasal route three times at 2 or 6 month intervals, an antibody neutralizing VZV was detected in half or all of the mice vaccinated, respectively. The antibody specific to the vaccine strain of VZV reacted to five proteins, molecular weights of which were 110 K, 100 K, 62 K, 54 K and 46 K. These proteins were composed of glycosylated products of all kinds of glycoproteins. These results suggest that although a nasal administration of the vaccine without the adjuvant has little immunogenicity in mice, the simultaneous administration of the live vaccine and the toxin over a long period induces a specific humoral immunity to VZV.
-
Induction of Apoptosis in Lymphoid Tissues of Mice after Intramuscular lniection of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin
Immunobiology, 2000Co-Authors: Takao Tsuji, Yasuko Honma, Yoshizo Asano, Tadatoshi Handa, Yoshio Ichinose, Takashi YokochiAbstract:Abstract Although it has been reported that intravenous injection of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin induces atrophies of the thymus and spleen by necrosis, the toxin injected intramuscularly to mice induced atrophies of both tissues, which were associated with apoptosis of lymphocytes. Apoptosis predominantly occurred in the thymus and increased in a time-dependent manner up to 26 h and faint ladder band patterns of DNA were observed at 36 h. Although the high dose of toxin also induced in vitro apoptosis in cultured thymocytes, the toxin was not detected in the serum at levels sufficient to cause in vitro apoptosis after intramuscular administration. By flow cytometric analysis, CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T cell and CD45+ positive B cell numbers were found to be mainly decreased in thymus and spleen, respectively, of mice. These results suggest that the atrophies of thymus and spleen by intramuscular administration of the toxin to mice are due to apoptosis of CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T and CD45+ positive B cells, respectively, but the toxin does not reach these cells via the circulation. A different mechanism from that in vitro in cultured cells might be involved in the induction of apoptosis in vivo.
Keiko Sasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Mutant Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin as a mucosal adjuvant induces specific Th1 responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to nasal killed-bacillus calmette-guerin in mice.
Vaccine, 2006Co-Authors: Hiroki Takahashi, Keiko Sasaki, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Sadayuki Ochi, Miyuki Takahashi, Naoko Shigemori, Shyunichi Honda, Naoya Ohara, Takao TsujiAbstract:On single nasal immunization of mice with killed-bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) plus a mutant Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin, delayed-type hypersensitivity was induced and BCG-infection decreased. Spleen cells, particularly CD4+ T cells among them produced IL-2, IFNgamma and TNFalpha in response to the killed-BCG or purified protein derivatives. CD8+ T cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes produced IFNgamma and TNFalpha. However, both types of T cells reacted a little to Ag85B. The mutant induces cellular immunity to nasal killed-BCG vaccine and decreases BCG-infection. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produce cytokines effective for tuberculosis. Although killed-BCG loses some antigens like Ag85B, nasal killed-BCG plus the mutant is useful for tuberculosis.
-
A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin inducing a specific Thl-type of T cells to varicella-zoster vaccine enhances the production of IL-12 by IFNgamma-stimulated macrophages.
Vaccine, 2005Co-Authors: Toshiyasu Shimizu, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Sadayuki Ochi, Tomomasa Yano, Keiji Oguma, Takashi Yokochi, Takao TsujiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin induces specific Thl-type T cells to varicella-zoster vaccine. The mutant increased IL-12p40, TNFalpha and nitric oxide production by IFNgamma-stimulated bone marrow macrophages but cholera toxin did not. Anti-TNFalpha antibodies blocked its stimulation of IL-12p40 production but iNOS inhibitor did not. IL-12p40 and IL-12p35 production was stimulated at the level of mRNA formation by the mutant. Cholera toxin suppressed IL-12beta1 expression by spleen T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies but the mutant did not. These findings indicate that the mutant may induce Thl-type response to the vaccine through its IL-12 and TNFalpha induction by macrophages.
-
Induction of Thymus-Derived γδ T Cells by Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin B Subunit in Peritoneal Cavities of Mice
Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Toshiyasu Shimizu, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Sadayuki Ochi, Takashi Yokochi, Naoko Shigemori, Eddy Bagus Wasito, Takao TsujiAbstract:We examined the activation of intraperitoneal T cells in BALB/c mice by the Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin B subunit, which induced a specific Th2 type of T-cell response to intraperitoneally coadministered bovine immunoglobulin G. The numbers of both γδ and αβ T cells increased significantly after intraperitoneal administration of the B subunit in a time-dependent manner; these numbers were not affected by the B-subunit G33D mutant, which is defective in GM1 ganglioside-binding ability. Early after administration a small number of γδ T cells produced either interleukin-4 (IL-4) or gamma interferon, while late after administration primarily IL-10-producing γδ T cells were detected. γδ T cells induced by the B subunit did not express a characteristic V gene over the time course of the study. The induction of γδ T cells did not occur in athymic nu/nu mice but could be induced upon transplantation of fetal AKR thymus-like αβ T cells. γδ T cells in athymic nu/nu mice with a fetal thymic graft predominantly expressed the donor Thy-1.1 antigen but not the host Thy-1.2 antigen. The induction of these T cells, however, could not be restored by coadministration of the B subunit with peritoneal cells from normal mice. These results suggest that the B subunit activates intraperitoneal γδ and αβ T cells in a manner dependent upon its ability to bind to GM1 ganglioside. γδ T cells induced by the B subunit are Th2-type cells derived from the thymus. These γδ T cells may be functionally involved in specific Th2 responses to the B subunit, which possibly acts as an adjuvant through the influence of αβ T cells.
-
Induction of cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins tested with pernasal coadministration of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Journal of medical virology, 2003Co-Authors: Takao Tsuji, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Sadayuki Ochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yoshio Ichinose, Hitoshi Sato, Michiko Arita, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Takashi YokochiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin promotes the induction of cellular immunity to a live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. An investigation was carried out to determine which of the purified glycoproteins of the virus among three induced cellular immunity with a single nasal administration. Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. Purified gE:gI and gB have been reported to be the strongest stimulators of cellular immunity to varicella upon subcutaneous injection and are useful as a subunit vaccine. All the glycoproteins tested are excellent stimulators of cellular immunity to the virus and itself on nasal co-immunization with the toxin. J. Med. Virol. 69:451–458, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
-
Live varicella vaccine polarizes the mucosal adjuvant action of cholera toxin or its B subunit on specific Th1-type helper T cells with a single nasal coadministration in mice.
Journal of medical virology, 2003Co-Authors: Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Sadayuki Ochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yoshizo Asano, Yoshio Ichinose, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Masaaki Iwanaga, Takao TsujiAbstract:This study was undertaken to determine whether the specific Th1- or Th2-cell response to varicella-zoster virus was induced predominantly by a mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin, in mice. A commercially available live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) and cholera toxin or its B subunit were administered simultaneously via the nasal route. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to the Oka vaccine was induced, but the systemic neutralizing antibody response was low. The delayed-type hypersensitivity evoked after a single administration was relatively higher than that on administration three times. When spleen cells from mice immunized once with the vaccine and cholera toxin or its B subunit were restimulated with the live vaccine in vitro, there was greater thymidine uptake and production of interleukin- 2 (IL-2) than controls, but only a low level of IL-4 production. The production of IL-2 induced by the B subunit of cholera toxin was less than that by cholera toxin and a mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin on co-immunization with the vaccine in mice. Cholera toxin and its B subunit have been reported to induce predominantly a specific Th2-type T-cell response to various antigens. However, the Oka vaccine is an antigen that polarizes the activation of specific Th1/Th2-type T cells by cholera toxin or its B subunit to the Th1-type side. Cholera toxin and its B subunit are thus useful mucosal adjuvants for inducing cellular immunity to the Oka vaccine similar to Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin.
Takashi Yokochi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin inducing a specific Thl-type of T cells to varicella-zoster vaccine enhances the production of IL-12 by IFNgamma-stimulated macrophages.
Vaccine, 2005Co-Authors: Toshiyasu Shimizu, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Sadayuki Ochi, Tomomasa Yano, Keiji Oguma, Takashi Yokochi, Takao TsujiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin induces specific Thl-type T cells to varicella-zoster vaccine. The mutant increased IL-12p40, TNFalpha and nitric oxide production by IFNgamma-stimulated bone marrow macrophages but cholera toxin did not. Anti-TNFalpha antibodies blocked its stimulation of IL-12p40 production but iNOS inhibitor did not. IL-12p40 and IL-12p35 production was stimulated at the level of mRNA formation by the mutant. Cholera toxin suppressed IL-12beta1 expression by spleen T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies but the mutant did not. These findings indicate that the mutant may induce Thl-type response to the vaccine through its IL-12 and TNFalpha induction by macrophages.
-
Induction of Thymus-Derived γδ T Cells by Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin B Subunit in Peritoneal Cavities of Mice
Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Toshiyasu Shimizu, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Hideyuki Arimitsu, Sadayuki Ochi, Takashi Yokochi, Naoko Shigemori, Eddy Bagus Wasito, Takao TsujiAbstract:We examined the activation of intraperitoneal T cells in BALB/c mice by the Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin B subunit, which induced a specific Th2 type of T-cell response to intraperitoneally coadministered bovine immunoglobulin G. The numbers of both γδ and αβ T cells increased significantly after intraperitoneal administration of the B subunit in a time-dependent manner; these numbers were not affected by the B-subunit G33D mutant, which is defective in GM1 ganglioside-binding ability. Early after administration a small number of γδ T cells produced either interleukin-4 (IL-4) or gamma interferon, while late after administration primarily IL-10-producing γδ T cells were detected. γδ T cells induced by the B subunit did not express a characteristic V gene over the time course of the study. The induction of γδ T cells did not occur in athymic nu/nu mice but could be induced upon transplantation of fetal AKR thymus-like αβ T cells. γδ T cells in athymic nu/nu mice with a fetal thymic graft predominantly expressed the donor Thy-1.1 antigen but not the host Thy-1.2 antigen. The induction of these T cells, however, could not be restored by coadministration of the B subunit with peritoneal cells from normal mice. These results suggest that the B subunit activates intraperitoneal γδ and αβ T cells in a manner dependent upon its ability to bind to GM1 ganglioside. γδ T cells induced by the B subunit are Th2-type cells derived from the thymus. These γδ T cells may be functionally involved in specific Th2 responses to the B subunit, which possibly acts as an adjuvant through the influence of αβ T cells.
-
Induction of cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins tested with pernasal coadministration of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Journal of medical virology, 2003Co-Authors: Takao Tsuji, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Sadayuki Ochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yoshio Ichinose, Hitoshi Sato, Michiko Arita, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Takashi YokochiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin promotes the induction of cellular immunity to a live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. An investigation was carried out to determine which of the purified glycoproteins of the virus among three induced cellular immunity with a single nasal administration. Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. Purified gE:gI and gB have been reported to be the strongest stimulators of cellular immunity to varicella upon subcutaneous injection and are useful as a subunit vaccine. All the glycoproteins tested are excellent stimulators of cellular immunity to the virus and itself on nasal co-immunization with the toxin. J. Med. Virol. 69:451–458, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
-
Long-term persistence of cellular immunity to Oka vaccine virus induced by pernasal co-administration with Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Vaccine, 2001Co-Authors: Naoki Kamiya, Keiko Sasaki, Takashi Yokochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yasuko Honma, Yoshizo Asano, Hidetsugu Kawase, Junji Yoshino, Takao TsujiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin induced cellular immunity to a live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. The persistence of this cellular immunity was investigated. A commercially available live Oka vaccine virus and toxin were administered once simultaneously via the nasal route, in mice. Ten or 12 months later, a delayed-type hypersensitivity to the vaccine virus was detected by footpad test, but an antibody neutralizing the varicella-zoster virus was not. When spleen cells from mice immunized with the vaccine and toxin were re-stimulated by live vaccine in vitro, their thymidine uptake and IL-2 production were higher than those from mice immunized with the vaccine alone, but lower than those of spleen cells prepared from mice 2 months after nasal administration. Production of IL-4 in these cells, however, was not induced by re-stimulation in vitro. These results suggest that although humoral immunity for Oka vaccine virus is only weakly induced by one co-administration of the vaccine and toxin, cellular immunity is induced and maintained over 1 year, though it declines with age. The nasal administration of the vaccine and toxin might be effective for maintaining cellular immunity to the varicella-zoster virus long term.
-
Adjuvant action of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin for delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus on pernasal co-administration in mice
Vaccine, 2000Co-Authors: Keiko Sasaki, Takashi Yokochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yasuko Honma, Yoshizo Asano, Naoki Kamiya, Tadatoshi Handa, Yoshio Ichinose, Takao TsujiAbstract:The usefulness of a mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin for the induction of cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus as a mucosal adjuvant is assessed in mice. When a commercially available live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) and toxin were once administered simultaneously via the nasal route, delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus was significantly induced and detected by footpad test in mice. Moreover, when spleen cells from mice immunized with the vaccine and toxin were re-stimulated with live vaccine in vitro, they showed more thymidine uptake and produced more IL-2 than those from mice immunized with the vaccine alone. These results suggest that mutant Enterotoxin has adjuvant action to induce a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus on nasal co-administration with live vaccine virus.
Kimiyasu Shiraki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Induction of cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins tested with pernasal coadministration of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Journal of medical virology, 2003Co-Authors: Takao Tsuji, Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Sadayuki Ochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yoshio Ichinose, Hitoshi Sato, Michiko Arita, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Takashi YokochiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin promotes the induction of cellular immunity to a live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. An investigation was carried out to determine which of the purified glycoproteins of the virus among three induced cellular immunity with a single nasal administration. Spleen cells from mice immunized nasally with the vaccine and toxin produced interleukin-2 (IL-2) at the same level on restimulation in vitro with glycoprotein H: glycoprotein L (gH:gL), gB, and gE:gI, but not IL-4. The spleen cells from mice immunized with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI and toxin produced IL-2 on restimulation with gH:gL, gB, or gE:gI, respectively, and the vaccine, but not IL-4. Immunization with gH:gL and the toxin showed increased thymidine uptake and production of IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of the spleen cells, but not IL-4, depending on the dose of gH:gL used for immunization and restimulation in vitro. Purified gE:gI and gB have been reported to be the strongest stimulators of cellular immunity to varicella upon subcutaneous injection and are useful as a subunit vaccine. All the glycoproteins tested are excellent stimulators of cellular immunity to the virus and itself on nasal co-immunization with the toxin. J. Med. Virol. 69:451–458, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
-
Live varicella vaccine polarizes the mucosal adjuvant action of cholera toxin or its B subunit on specific Th1-type helper T cells with a single nasal coadministration in mice.
Journal of medical virology, 2003Co-Authors: Keiko Sasaki, Michio Kato, Sadayuki Ochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yoshizo Asano, Yoshio Ichinose, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Masaaki Iwanaga, Takao TsujiAbstract:This study was undertaken to determine whether the specific Th1- or Th2-cell response to varicella-zoster virus was induced predominantly by a mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin, in mice. A commercially available live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) and cholera toxin or its B subunit were administered simultaneously via the nasal route. Delayed-type hypersensitivity to the Oka vaccine was induced, but the systemic neutralizing antibody response was low. The delayed-type hypersensitivity evoked after a single administration was relatively higher than that on administration three times. When spleen cells from mice immunized once with the vaccine and cholera toxin or its B subunit were restimulated with the live vaccine in vitro, there was greater thymidine uptake and production of interleukin- 2 (IL-2) than controls, but only a low level of IL-4 production. The production of IL-2 induced by the B subunit of cholera toxin was less than that by cholera toxin and a mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin on co-immunization with the vaccine in mice. Cholera toxin and its B subunit have been reported to induce predominantly a specific Th2-type T-cell response to various antigens. However, the Oka vaccine is an antigen that polarizes the activation of specific Th1/Th2-type T cells by cholera toxin or its B subunit to the Th1-type side. Cholera toxin and its B subunit are thus useful mucosal adjuvants for inducing cellular immunity to the Oka vaccine similar to Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin.
-
Long-term persistence of cellular immunity to Oka vaccine virus induced by pernasal co-administration with Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Vaccine, 2001Co-Authors: Naoki Kamiya, Keiko Sasaki, Takashi Yokochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yasuko Honma, Yoshizo Asano, Hidetsugu Kawase, Junji Yoshino, Takao TsujiAbstract:A mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin induced cellular immunity to a live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. The persistence of this cellular immunity was investigated. A commercially available live Oka vaccine virus and toxin were administered once simultaneously via the nasal route, in mice. Ten or 12 months later, a delayed-type hypersensitivity to the vaccine virus was detected by footpad test, but an antibody neutralizing the varicella-zoster virus was not. When spleen cells from mice immunized with the vaccine and toxin were re-stimulated by live vaccine in vitro, their thymidine uptake and IL-2 production were higher than those from mice immunized with the vaccine alone, but lower than those of spleen cells prepared from mice 2 months after nasal administration. Production of IL-4 in these cells, however, was not induced by re-stimulation in vitro. These results suggest that although humoral immunity for Oka vaccine virus is only weakly induced by one co-administration of the vaccine and toxin, cellular immunity is induced and maintained over 1 year, though it declines with age. The nasal administration of the vaccine and toxin might be effective for maintaining cellular immunity to the varicella-zoster virus long term.
-
Adjuvant action of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin for delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus on pernasal co-administration in mice
Vaccine, 2000Co-Authors: Keiko Sasaki, Takashi Yokochi, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Yasuko Honma, Yoshizo Asano, Naoki Kamiya, Tadatoshi Handa, Yoshio Ichinose, Takao TsujiAbstract:The usefulness of a mutant of Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin for the induction of cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus as a mucosal adjuvant is assessed in mice. When a commercially available live varicella vaccine (the Oka strain) and toxin were once administered simultaneously via the nasal route, delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus was significantly induced and detected by footpad test in mice. Moreover, when spleen cells from mice immunized with the vaccine and toxin were re-stimulated with live vaccine in vitro, they showed more thymidine uptake and produced more IL-2 than those from mice immunized with the vaccine alone. These results suggest that mutant Enterotoxin has adjuvant action to induce a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity to Oka vaccine virus on nasal co-administration with live vaccine virus.
-
Humoral immunoresponse to varicella-zoster virus pernasally coadministered with Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin in mice.
Vaccine, 2000Co-Authors: Takao Tsuji, Kimiyasu Shiraki, Hiroshi Sato, Jiang Yue-mea, Yasuko Honma, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Yoshizo AsanoAbstract:It is evaluated whether Escherichia Coli Enterotoxin is useful for induction of immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. When a commercially available live varicella vaccine (Oka strain) and toxin were administered simultaneously via a nasal route three times at 2 or 6 month intervals, an antibody neutralizing VZV was detected in half or all of the mice vaccinated, respectively. The antibody specific to the vaccine strain of VZV reacted to five proteins, molecular weights of which were 110 K, 100 K, 62 K, 54 K and 46 K. These proteins were composed of glycosylated products of all kinds of glycoproteins. These results suggest that although a nasal administration of the vaccine without the adjuvant has little immunogenicity in mice, the simultaneous administration of the live vaccine and the toxin over a long period induces a specific humoral immunity to VZV.