The Experts below are selected from a list of 147 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P H Alsbirk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
corneal diameter in greenland Eskimos anthropometric and genetic studies with special reference to primary angle closure glaucoma
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: P H AlsbirkAbstract:In a population survey the corneal diameter (CD) was measured in 1,211 adult Greenland Eskimos from six districts. Using a Wessely keratometer, transversal and vertical readings were performed, and the CD value taken as the average. The unimodal distributions obtained were found to differ from normality. The results suggested a small decrease of CD with age whereas the sex difference (0.2 mm) was highly significant. Geographical variation was found, a West Greenland group (Umanaq) being below the others, while the purest Eskimos (from Angmagssalik) showed higher mean values. A Danish control sample had significantly larger corneae, about 0.5 mm above the Eskimos, and agreed with other reports on Europeans. The CD values and the anterior chamber depth (ACD) were positively correlated. The Eskimo primary angle-closure glaucoma patients showed a slight deviation towards the lower CD classes. The familial CD distributions suggested a mainly genetic determination of corneal size.
-
anterior chamber depth and primary angle closure glaucoma i an epidemiologic study in greenland Eskimos
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: P H AlsbirkAbstract:The anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured by optical pachymetry in 60 Eskimos with primary angle-closure glaucoma (a.c.g.). They lived in seven medical districts from nearly all parts of Greenland, in locations with a total of 2,800 Eskimo inhabitants over 40 years. Out of these, an ACD survey, recently described, covered 1,072. The a.c.g. patients had been ascertained by symptoms or through screenings. Prevalence rates are given according to epidemiologic method, age, and sex, totalling 1.6% in males and 5.1% in females, on an average 3.5%. The risk of a.c.g. at various levels of ACD was estimated in the survey population. The ACD mean value of the a.c.g. patients closely agreed with that of the Caucasian series. On the other hand, in Eskimos the mean value of the general population was only 0.5 mm above the mean ACD found in a.c.g. patients, whereas in Caucasians this difference is reported to be about 1.0 mm. An attempt is made to explain the ethnic variation and the sex difference with respect to prevalence of a.c.g. simply in terms of the ACD distribution.
-
Anterior chamber depth in Greenland Eskimos. II. Geographical and ethnic variation.
Acta ophthalmologica, 2009Co-Authors: P H AlsbirkAbstract:A population study of the anterior chamber depth (ACD) was performed in 1,575 Greenland Eskimos, using optical pachymetry (Haag Streit 900). From six separate districts 1,072 Eskimos over the age of forty were examined. The participation rate ranged from 82–98%;. The geographical variation was found to be relatively small. No difference between the unmixed east-coast Eskimos and the mixed west-coast Eskimos could be demonstrated. From one of the towns, 503 Eskimos aged 7–39 years were examined. For ethnic comparison, 87 adult Danes, living in Greenland, were measured as controls. Their ACD level was found to be much higher than in Eskimos, closely agreeing with other Caucasian samples. The pronounced shallowness thus observed in Eskimos from all parts of Greenland has also been found recently in Canadian and Alaskan Eskimos. A shallow anterior chamber seems to be an important characteristic of Eskimos.
Jørn Dyerberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
plasma lipid and lipoprotein pattern in greenlandic west coast Eskimos
Nutrition Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: H O Bang, Jørn Dyerberg, Aasebr Ndum O NielsenAbstract:Summary: The plasma-lipid pattern, including quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis, was examined in 130 Eskimos (69 females, 61 males)—hunters and/or fishermen, and their wives—in the northern part of the west coast of Greenland, and consuming a predominantly meat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most types of lipid were decreased, compared with Danish controls and Eskimos living in Denmark. The most remarkable finding was much lower levels of pre-β-lipoprotein and consequently of plasma-triglycerides in Greenlandic Eskimos than in Danish controls. These findings may explain the very low incidence of ischaemic heart-disease and the complete absence of diabetes mellitus in Greenlandic Eskimos.
-
PLASMA LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS IN GREENLANDIC WEST COAST Eskimos
Acta medica Scandinavica, 2009Co-Authors: Hansolaf Bang, Jørn DyerbergAbstract:The plasma lipid and lipoprotein pattern has been examined in 130 Greenlandic west coast Eskimos with a life pattern, and especially with dietary habits, rather close to those of original Eskimos and essentially different from those of West Europeans. The age groups of the persons examined were chosen so as to be comparable with the age groups in which ischaemic heart disease prevails in West Europeans. The results of determination of plasma lipid and lipoproteins in the 130 Greenlandic west coast Eskimos, 69 women and 61 men, were compared with those of a similar examination in Denmark, including 25 female Eskimos living in Denmark. Significantly lower concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, β-lipoproteins and pre-β-lipoproteins were found in Eskimos compared with Danish controls. The study on the Eskimos living in Denmark revealed plasma lipid values significantly higher than in Eskimos in Greenland and equal to those of Danish controls. This points strongly against a genetic and towards an environmental cause of the low lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in Greenlandic Eskimos. As in other societies with low plasma lipid concentrations, coronary atherosclerosis is rare among Greenlandic Eskimos. The Eskimos have low plasma lipid concentrations in spite of a high dietary intake of fat. This could be explained by the special composition of the Eskimo diet, with low content of saturated and high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Besides coronary atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus is very rare among Eskimos. A correlation of this to the very low concentration of plasma triglycerides and pre-β-lipoproteins is tempting, but purely speculative.
-
the composition of food consumed by greenland Eskimos
Acta Medica Scandinavica, 2009Co-Authors: H O Bang, Jørn Dyerberg, N HjoorneAbstract:Food specimens have been collected, by means of the double-portion technique, from Greenland Eskimo hunters and their wives, in all seven persons, on seven consecutive days. Their food was found to contain more protein and less carbohydrates than average Danish food and an almost equal amount of fat. Compared with Danish food, the fatty acid pattern of the consumed lipids--essentially of mammalian marine origin--showed a higher content of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially C20:5) and lower contents of linoleic and linolenic acids. However, the sum of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was smaller than in Danish food. Using Keys' formula, describing the serum cholesterol level as a function of the nutritional fatty acids, the essentially lower serum choelsterol level found in Greenland Eskimos was not explained by our findings. It is suggested instead to be a special metabolic effect of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from marine mammals. There might be a similar effect on the plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentrations, explaining the much lower plasma concentrations of these components in Eskimos than in Western populations. Our findings might have an essential bearing on the difference in morbidity from coronary atherosclerotic disease between these populations.
-
hemostatic factors and renin in greenland Eskimos on a high eicosapentaenoic acid intake results of the fifth umanak expedition
Acta Medica Scandinavica, 2009Co-Authors: Kaj Anker Jorgensen, Arne Hoj Nielsen, Jørn DyerbergAbstract:. The Fifth UmanaK expedition compared the fatty acid composition of platelets, bleeding times before and after ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid, 24-hour urinary tetranorpros-tanedioate, creatinine and Na output, as well as plasma renin, serum electrolytes and anti-thrombin III in 20 Greenland Eskimos and 20 Danes. The results indicate that the prostaglandin production was not inhibited in the Eskimos, and that the antiaggregatory prostanoids predominate in Eskimos compared to Danes. Although blood pressure and 24-hour urinary Na output were similar, the plasma renin level was significantly higher in the Eskimos on a high eicosapentaenoic acid intake. Acta Med Scand 1986; 219: 473–9.
-
Differences in apolipoprotein(a) polymorphism in West Greenland Eskimos and Caucasian Danes
Human genetics, 1992Co-Authors: I. C. Klausen, Jørn Dyerberg, Lars Ulrik Gerdes, Erik Berg Schmidt, Ole FaergemanAbstract:Previous studies in Greenland suggest that death rates from ischemic heart disease [IHD] are lower in Eskimos than in Danes and other Caucasian populations. This has been explained by a high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with beneficial effects on blood lipids and hemostasis. In other populations, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is associated with IHD, plasma concentrations of Lp(a) being genetically determined to a major extent. We have compared Lp(a) concentrations and apo(a) phenotypes in 120 Greenlandic Eskimos with those in 466 Danish men. The median Lp(a) concentration in Eskimos (8.7mg/dl;[95% CI 6.5–10.7]) was not significantly different from that in Danes (6.3mg/dl; [95% CI 5.2–7.0]), whereas the 90th percentile was significantly higher among Danes: 46.36mg/dl; [95% Cl 43.0–54.3] vs. 27.6mg/dl [95% CI 20.7–36.9]. In 20% of the Danes, but in only 8% of the Eskimos (P = 0.009), the concentration of Lp(a) exceeded 30mg/dl. The difference is probably explained by a low frequency of the low molecular weight apo(a) phenotypes among Eskimos, since the apo(a) isoforms F and B were absent, and the S1 and S2 types were present in only 3.3% of Eskimos. In contrast, these apo(a) isoforms were present in 26.6% of the Danes in either single-band or double-band phenotypes. The pattern of apo(a) polymorphism found in this study could provide part of a genetic explanation for the putative low rates of IHD in Eskimo populations.
Aasebr Ndum O Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
plasma lipid and lipoprotein pattern in greenlandic west coast Eskimos
Nutrition Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: H O Bang, Jørn Dyerberg, Aasebr Ndum O NielsenAbstract:Summary: The plasma-lipid pattern, including quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis, was examined in 130 Eskimos (69 females, 61 males)—hunters and/or fishermen, and their wives—in the northern part of the west coast of Greenland, and consuming a predominantly meat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most types of lipid were decreased, compared with Danish controls and Eskimos living in Denmark. The most remarkable finding was much lower levels of pre-β-lipoprotein and consequently of plasma-triglycerides in Greenlandic Eskimos than in Danish controls. These findings may explain the very low incidence of ischaemic heart-disease and the complete absence of diabetes mellitus in Greenlandic Eskimos.
H O Bang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
plasma lipid and lipoprotein pattern in greenlandic west coast Eskimos
Nutrition Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: H O Bang, Jørn Dyerberg, Aasebr Ndum O NielsenAbstract:Summary: The plasma-lipid pattern, including quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis, was examined in 130 Eskimos (69 females, 61 males)—hunters and/or fishermen, and their wives—in the northern part of the west coast of Greenland, and consuming a predominantly meat diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Most types of lipid were decreased, compared with Danish controls and Eskimos living in Denmark. The most remarkable finding was much lower levels of pre-β-lipoprotein and consequently of plasma-triglycerides in Greenlandic Eskimos than in Danish controls. These findings may explain the very low incidence of ischaemic heart-disease and the complete absence of diabetes mellitus in Greenlandic Eskimos.
-
the composition of food consumed by greenland Eskimos
Acta Medica Scandinavica, 2009Co-Authors: H O Bang, Jørn Dyerberg, N HjoorneAbstract:Food specimens have been collected, by means of the double-portion technique, from Greenland Eskimo hunters and their wives, in all seven persons, on seven consecutive days. Their food was found to contain more protein and less carbohydrates than average Danish food and an almost equal amount of fat. Compared with Danish food, the fatty acid pattern of the consumed lipids--essentially of mammalian marine origin--showed a higher content of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (especially C20:5) and lower contents of linoleic and linolenic acids. However, the sum of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was smaller than in Danish food. Using Keys' formula, describing the serum cholesterol level as a function of the nutritional fatty acids, the essentially lower serum choelsterol level found in Greenland Eskimos was not explained by our findings. It is suggested instead to be a special metabolic effect of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from marine mammals. There might be a similar effect on the plasma triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentrations, explaining the much lower plasma concentrations of these components in Eskimos than in Western populations. Our findings might have an essential bearing on the difference in morbidity from coronary atherosclerotic disease between these populations.
Mazess R B - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Bone Mineral Content in St. Lawrence Island Eskimos
DigitalCommons@WayneState, 2020Co-Authors: Harper A B, Laughlin W S, Mazess R BAbstract:Bone mineral content (BMC) of the radius was determined for 117 male and 124 female St. Lawrence Island Eskimos volunteers using a Norland-Cameron bone mineral analyzer with an 125I source. Results of this study support earlier findings showing low BMC in northern Eskimos compared to Wisconsin Whites. In particular, Eskimos lose bone starting at earlier ages and at a greater rate than other populations. For St. Lawrence Island males over age 50, the change in BMC of the radius is —5.8% per decade compared with an average loss of 4.0% per decade in Wisconsin White samples. The rate of BMC decrease in Eskimo females older than age 45 is much greater than in males. The average diminution per decade is — 13.9% contrasted to a —10.0% per decade loss in Wisconsin White females. Compared to north Alaska Inupiaq Eskimos, St. Lawrence Island Yupik Eskimos display a remarkably similar pattern of age-related bone loss. This pattern, indigenous to all Eskimos, of rapid loss with age is manifest in both pre- and post-contact Eskimo skeletons throughout the Arctic