The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
A K Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
kinetics and solvent effect in hydrolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate in water methanol mixture
Journal of Physical Chemistry & Biophysics, 2017Co-Authors: A K SinghAbstract:The solvent effect of ethanol on the alkali catalyzed solvolysis reaction was studied by carring out of the hydrolysis of ester namely Ethyl Cinnamate in water-methanol media of varying composition consisting of 30 to 70% of methanol (v/v) at different Temperature ranging from 20°C to 70°C. The Specific rate constant values of the reaction were found to depleted with increasing concentration of methanol in reaction media. Enhancement in ΔG* with simultaneous depletion in ΔH* and ΔS* of the reaction, it has been concluded that reaction is enthalpy stimulating and entropy inhibiting and specific salvation take place in water- methanol media. From the evaluated value of Iso kinetic temperature, which is less than 300 indicates that this reaction in water-methanol media obey Barclay-Butler rule and there is weak but considerable solvent –solute interaction taking place in reaction media.
-
the influence of solvent on the solvolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate in wateracetonemixed solvent system
Chemical Science, 2017Co-Authors: A K SinghAbstract:The kinetic of alkaline hydrolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate was investigated at different percentage of aqua-organic solvent mixture with Acetone (30 to 70% v/v) over the temperature range of 20°C to 40°C. The specific rate constant was found to be decreased with increasing proportion of solvent (Acetone) at all the temperature range. The Iso-composition Activation energy (EC) was also evaluated which decreases with solvent composition in (water-Acetone) system. The number of water molecule associated with the activated complex is found to be increase (0.7003 to 0.786) in waterAcetone system. The thermodynamic activation parameter such as Enthalpy of Activation (Δ H* ), Entropy of Activation (Δ S* ) and Gibb’s free energy of activation (Δ G* ) were also calculated.
-
solvent effect on the enthalpy and entropy of activation for the hydrolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate in mixed solvent system
Journal of Physical Chemistry & Biophysics, 2017Co-Authors: A K SinghAbstract:The rate of alkaline hydrolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate was measured over the temperature range of 20°C to 40°C in water-acetone mixture at different composition 30 to 70% (v/v). The influence of solvent variation on reaction rate was examined in term of changes in the Activation parameter. Depletion of ?H* and ?S* value with simultaneous increase in ?G* of the reaction in reaction media, reveals that the reaction is Enthalpy domination and Entropy controlled. The Iso- dielectric activation energy (ED) of reaction was found to decrease from 52.43 to 47.28. The Values of Iso-kinetic Temperature which is less than 300, clearly indicates that there is no appreciable interaction between solvent and solute present in the reaction media, i.e., reaction is not ion-dipole but ion-molecule type.
-
the influence of solvent on the solvolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate in water acetone mixtures
International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2017Co-Authors: A K SinghAbstract:The kinetic of alkaline hydrolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate was investigated at different percentage of aqua-organic solvent mixture with Acetone (30 to 70% v/v) over the temperature range of 20 o C to 40 o C. The specific rate constant was found to be decrease in the solvent with increasing proportion of solvent (Acetone) at all the temperature range. The Iso-composition Activation energy (E C ) were also evaluated which decreases with solvent composition in (water-Acetone) system. The number of water molecule associated with the activated complex is found to be increase(0.7003to 0.786) in water-Acetone system. The Thermodynamic Activation Parameter such as Enthalpy of Activation (DH * ), Entropy of Activation (DS * ) and Gibb's free energy of activation (DG * ) were also calculated. Key Word- Solvolysis, Solvent-solute interaction, Iso composition Energy, Activated complex Activation parameters.
-
The influence of solvent on the solvolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate in water–Acetone mixtures
International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2017Co-Authors: A K SinghAbstract:The kinetic of alkaline hydrolysis of Ethyl Cinnamate was investigated at different percentage of aqua-organic solvent mixture with Acetone (30 to 70% v/v) over the temperature range of 20 o C to 40 o C. The specific rate constant was found to be decrease in the solvent with increasing proportion of solvent (Acetone) at all the temperature range. The Iso-composition Activation energy (E C ) were also evaluated which decreases with solvent composition in (water-Acetone) system. The number of water molecule associated with the activated complex is found to be increase(0.7003to 0.786) in water-Acetone system. The Thermodynamic Activation Parameter such as Enthalpy of Activation (DH * ), Entropy of Activation (DS * ) and Gibb's free energy of activation (DG * ) were also calculated. Key Word- Solvolysis, Solvent-solute interaction, Iso composition Energy, Activated complex Activation parameters.
Xiuqi Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
cross linked polymer brushes ii formation and properties of poly isobutyl vinyl ether b poly 2 vinyloxy Ethyl Cinnamate brushes
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1994Co-Authors: Xiuqi Xu, Krystyna Skupinska, Nanxing HuAbstract:A diblock copolymer, i.e., poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)-b-poly[2-(vinyloxy)Ethyl Cinnamate] (PIBVE-b-PVEC), has been shown to form polymer brushes quickly on the surface of solid substrates by deposition from a solvent selectively poor for PVEC. The resultant brush could be cross-linked photochemically by initiating the dimerization between VEC groups of different polymer chains and the cross-linking was extremely efficient. Crosslinked polymer brushes, as expected, were resistant to organic solvent, such as chloroform, and nitric acid attacks. Important industrial applications are expected of cross-linked brushes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
-
cross linked polymer brushes 1 synthesis of poly beta vinyloxy Ethyl Cinnamate b poly isobutyl vinyl ether
Macromolecules, 1994Co-Authors: Nanxing Hu, Xiuqi XuAbstract:β-(Vinyloxy)Ethyl Cinnamate (VEC) is shown to undergo living cationic polymerization, in the presence of EtAlCl 2 and 1-(isobutoxy)Ethyl acetate or trifluoroacetic acid and ZnCl 2 , probably via a mechanism similar to that of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) polymerization. Some kinetic data for VEC polymerization are presented. The living PVEC cations polymerized IBVE to produce poly[β-(vinyloxy)Ethyl Cinnamate]-b-poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) (PVEC-b-PIBVE). This diblock copolymer forms polymer brushes on glass plates and brush can be fixed by the photo-cross-linking of the PVEC block
Nanxing Hu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Living Cationic Polymerization of β-(Vinyloxy)Ethyl Cinnamate
Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A, 1995Co-Authors: Nanxing HuAbstract:Abstract Trifluoroacetic acid and ZnCl2 have been used as the initiating system for the living cationic polymerization of β-(vinyloxy)Ethyl Cinnamate (VEC). In contrast to a previous initiating system [EtAlCl2 and 1-(isobutoxy)Ethyl acetate], the use of the new system led to excellent agreement between the molar masses of PVEC prepared and those calculated from monomer and trifluoroacetic acid feed ratios. The effect of temperature on the rate of VEC polymerization using this initiating system has been studied. Also reported is a comparison between the polymerization of VEC initiated using different Lewis acids and trifluoroacetic acid.
-
cross linked polymer brushes ii formation and properties of poly isobutyl vinyl ether b poly 2 vinyloxy Ethyl Cinnamate brushes
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1994Co-Authors: Xiuqi Xu, Krystyna Skupinska, Nanxing HuAbstract:A diblock copolymer, i.e., poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)-b-poly[2-(vinyloxy)Ethyl Cinnamate] (PIBVE-b-PVEC), has been shown to form polymer brushes quickly on the surface of solid substrates by deposition from a solvent selectively poor for PVEC. The resultant brush could be cross-linked photochemically by initiating the dimerization between VEC groups of different polymer chains and the cross-linking was extremely efficient. Crosslinked polymer brushes, as expected, were resistant to organic solvent, such as chloroform, and nitric acid attacks. Important industrial applications are expected of cross-linked brushes. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
-
cross linked polymer brushes 1 synthesis of poly beta vinyloxy Ethyl Cinnamate b poly isobutyl vinyl ether
Macromolecules, 1994Co-Authors: Nanxing Hu, Xiuqi XuAbstract:β-(Vinyloxy)Ethyl Cinnamate (VEC) is shown to undergo living cationic polymerization, in the presence of EtAlCl 2 and 1-(isobutoxy)Ethyl acetate or trifluoroacetic acid and ZnCl 2 , probably via a mechanism similar to that of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) polymerization. Some kinetic data for VEC polymerization are presented. The living PVEC cations polymerized IBVE to produce poly[β-(vinyloxy)Ethyl Cinnamate]-b-poly(isobutyl vinyl ether) (PVEC-b-PIBVE). This diblock copolymer forms polymer brushes on glass plates and brush can be fixed by the photo-cross-linking of the PVEC block
Long De - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A Study on the Catalytic Synthesis of Ethyl Cinnamate by Solid Super Acid SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2
2020Co-Authors: Long DeAbstract:The solid super acid SO 2- 4/TiO 2 has been prepared and used as catalyst in the synthesis of Ethyl Cinnamate. The effect of reaction conditions, such as the amount of catalyst used, the molar ratio of cinnamic acid to Ethylalcohol and the reaction time, on conversion and reusability of catalyst have been investigated. When a mixture of 0.02 mol cinnamic acid, 0.10 mol Ethylalcohol and 1.20 g catalyst is heated for 4.0 h at refluxing temperature, the yield of ester is 89.3%.
-
a study on the catalytic synthesis of Ethyl Cinnamate by solid super acid so_4 2 tio_2
Huaxue Shijie (Chemical World), 2003Co-Authors: Long DeAbstract:The solid super acid SO 2- 4/TiO 2 has been prepared and used as catalyst in the synthesis of Ethyl Cinnamate. The effect of reaction conditions, such as the amount of catalyst used, the molar ratio of cinnamic acid to Ethylalcohol and the reaction time, on conversion and reusability of catalyst have been investigated. When a mixture of 0.02 mol cinnamic acid, 0.10 mol Ethylalcohol and 1.20 g catalyst is heated for 4.0 h at refluxing temperature, the yield of ester is 89.3%.
Elly M Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
broad applicability of a streamlined Ethyl Cinnamate based clearing procedure
Development, 2019Co-Authors: Wouter Masselink, Daniel Reumann, Prayag Murawala, Pawel Pasierbek, Yuka Taniguchi, Francois Bonnay, Katharina Meixner, Jurgen Knoblich, Elly M TanakaAbstract:ABSTRACT Turbidity and opaqueness are inherent properties of tissues that limit the capacity to acquire microscopic images through large tissues. Creating a uniform refractive index, known as tissue clearing, overcomes most of these issues. These methods have enabled researchers to image large and complex 3D structures with unprecedented depth and resolution. However, tissue clearing has been adopted to a limited extent due to a combination of cost, time, complexity of existing methods and potential negative impact on fluorescence signal. Here, we describe 2Eci (2nd generation Ethyl Cinnamate-based clearing), which can be used to clear a wide range of tissues in several species, including human organoids, Drosophila melanogaster , zebrafish, axolotl and Xenopus laevis , in as little as 1-5 days, while preserving a broad range of fluorescent proteins, including GFP, mCherry, Brainbow and Alexa-conjugated fluorophores. Ethyl Cinnamate is non-toxic and can easily be used in multi-user microscope facilities. This method opens up tissue clearing to a much broader group of researchers due to its ease of use, the non-toxic nature of Ethyl Cinnamate and broad applicability.
-
broad applicability of a streamlined Ethyl Cinnamate based clearing procedure
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Wouter Masselink, Daniel Reumann, Prayag Murawala, Pawel Pasierbek, Yuka Taniguchi, Jurgen Knoblich, Elly M TanakaAbstract:Turbidity and opaqueness are inherent properties of tissues which limit the capacity to acquire microscopic images through large tissues. Creating a uniform refractive index, known as tissue clearing, overcomes most of these issues. These methods have enabled researchers to image large and complex 3D structures with unprecedented depth and resolution. However, tissue clearing has been adopted to a limited extent due to a combination of cost, time, complexity of existing methods and potential negative impact on fluorescence signal. Here we describe 2Eci (2nd generation Ethyl Cinnamate based clearing method) which can be used to clear a wide range of tissues, including cerebral organoids, Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, axolotl, and Xenopus laevis in as little as 1-5 days while preserving a broad range of fluorescence proteins including GFP, mCherry, Brainbow, and alexa-fluorophores. Ethyl Cinnamate is non-toxic and can easily be used in multi-user microscope facilities. This method will open up clearing to a much broader group of researchers, due to its broad applicability, ease of use, and non-toxic nature of Ethyl Cinnamate.