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James Tibballs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eucalyptus Oil poisoning among young children: mechanisms of access and the potential for prevention
Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 1997Co-Authors: Lesley Margaret Day, Joan Ozanne-smith, Barry J. Parsons, Malcolm Dobbin, James TibballsAbstract:We studied unintentional paediatric Eucalyptus Oil poisoning to identify potential intervention strategies. The epidemiology of paediatric Eucalyptus Oil poisoning in Victoria was determined by analysis of four databases. The sequence of events preceding ingestion was examined by a telephone survey involving 109 parents or guardians of children under five years involved in an actual or suspected ingestion of Eucalyptus Oil. Such children were identified prospectively from all callers during a nine-month period to the Victorian Poisons Information Centre and those presenting to the emergency departments of the participating hospitals of the Victorian Injury Surveillance System. Eucalyptus Oil was a leading agent associated with hospitalisation for poisoning among Victorian children aged under five years. In the telephone survey, 90 incidents were found to involve vaporiser solutions, 15 Eucalyptus Oil preparations, and the remainder other Eucalyptus-Oil-containing products of a medicinal nature. Regardless of the type of product, 74 per cent gained access via a home vaporiser unit, most frequently placed at ground level. Although amounts ingested are usually small, the reported range of toxic doses is wide, necessitating at least a medical assessment following ingestion. Potential countermeasures identified in a consultative workshop included: discontinuing the use of Eucalyptus Oil as a therapeutic agent; confirmation that vaporiser-well residues are nontoxic; removal of barriers to product reregistration following safety-related modifications; improved child-resistant closures; discouraging vaporiser use for respiratory infections among young children; and development and dissemination of protocols for treatment of suspected ingestion.
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Clinical effects and management of Eucalyptus Oil ingestion in infants and young children.
The Medical journal of Australia, 1995Co-Authors: James TibballsAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To determine the symptoms and signs of Eucalyptus Oil poisoning in infants and young children, to estimate the toxic dose and to recommend management strategies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis of case histories of children admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 1992 with a diagnosis of Eucalyptus Oil poisoning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data, circumstances of ingestion, doses, clinical effects, management, complications and duration of hospital stay. RESULTS: 109 children (mean age, 23.5 months; range, 0.5-107) were admitted; clinical effects were observed in 59%. Thirty-one (28%) had depression of conscious state; 27 were drowsy, three were unconscious after ingesting known or estimated volumes of between 5 mL and 10 mL, and one was unconscious with hypoventilation after ingesting an estimated 75 mL. Vomiting occurred in 37%, ataxia in 15% and pulmonary disease in 11%. No treatment was given for 12%. Ipecac or oral activated charcoal was given for 21%, nasogastric charcoal for 57%, and gastric lavage without anaesthesia for 4% and under anaesthesia for 6%. All patients recovered. Hazardous treatment and overtreatment were common. For 105 children, mean hospital stay was 22 hours (range, 4-72 h) and for 13 patients mean intensive care unit stay was 18 hours (range, 4-29 h). In 27 patients who ingested known doses of Eucalyptus Oil, 10 had nil effects after a mean of 1.7 mL, 11 had minor poisoning after a mean of 2.0 mL, five had moderate poisoning after a mean of 2.5 mL and one had major poisoning after 7.5 mL (P = 0.0198). CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of Eucalyptus Oil caused significant morbidity in infants and young children. Significant depression of conscious state should be anticipated after ingestion of 5 mL or more of 100% Oil. Minor depression of consciousness may occur after 2-3 mL. Airway protection should precede gastric lavage.
Igor E. Agranovski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antiviral activity of tea tree and Eucalyptus Oil aerosol and vapour
Journal of Aerosol Science, 2013Co-Authors: Evgeny V. Usachev, Oleg V. Pyankov, Olga V. Usacheva, Igor E. AgranovskiAbstract:Abstract Our previous studies demonstrated high antiviral efficiency of natural disinfectants, i.e. tea tree Oil (TTO) and Eucalyptus Oil (EUO) on the filter surface. The TTO aerosol challenge as disinfectant showed its high antiviral potential. The main aim of this study was to investigate the antiviral activity of TTO and EUO aerosols in range of concentrations against Influenza A virus and E. coli phage M13. It was found that both tested Oils aerosols possess strong antiviral action and capable of inactivating model viruses with efficiency of more than 95% within 5–15 min of exposure. Additionally, the TTO and EUO vapors were also challenged for their antiviral activity. The use of natural disinfectants like TTO and EUO in aerosol form as well as in vapour phase looks very promising for further development of virus inactivating procedures and technologies for air quality applications.
Natarajan Chandrasekaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eucalyptus Oil nanoemulsion-impregnated chitosan film: antibacterial effects against a clinical pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, in vitro.
International journal of nanomedicine, 2015Co-Authors: Saranya Sugumar, Amitava Mukherjee, Natarajan ChandrasekaranAbstract:Eucalyptus Oil (Eucalyptus globulus) nanoemulsion was formulated using low-and high-energy emulsification methods. Development of nanoemulsion was optimized for system parameters such as emulsifier type, emulsifier concentration, and emulsification methods to obtain a lower droplet size with greater stability. The minimized droplet diameter was achieved using the high-energy method of ultrasonication. Tween 80 was more effective in reducing droplet size and emulsion appearance when compared to Tween 20. Stable nanoemulsion was formulated with Tween 80 as a surfactant, and the particle size was found to be 9.4 nm (1:2 v/v). The Eucalyptus Oil nanoemulsion was impregnated into chitosan (1%) as a biopolymer in varying concentrations. Further, the film was characterized by moisture content, microscopic study, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Also, the film with and without nanoemulsion was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus. The nanoemulsion-impregnated chitosan film showed higher antibacterial activity than chitosan film. These results support the inclusion of nanoemulsion-impregnated chitosan film in wound management studies.
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Nanoemulsion of Eucalyptus Oil and its larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2014Co-Authors: Saranya Sugumar, S.k. Clarke, M.j. Nirmala, B. K. Tyagi, Amitava Mukherjee, Natarajan ChandrasekaranAbstract:Filariasis is a mosquito-borne disease that causes lymphedema and the main vector is Culex quinquefasciatus . A simple measure was taken to eradicate the vector using nanoemulsion. Eucalyptus Oil nanoemulsion was formulated in various ratios comprising of Eucalyptus Oil, tween 80 and water by ultrasonication. The stability of nanoemulsion was observed over a period of time and 1:2 ratios of Eucalyptus Oil (6%) and surfactant (12%) was found to be stable. The formulated Eucalyptus Oil nanoemulsion was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The nanoemulsion droplets were found to have a Z -average diameter of 9.4 nm and were spherical in shape. The larvicidal activity of Eucalyptus Oil nanoemulsion and bulk emulsion was tested and compared. Our nanoemulsion showed higher activity when compared to bulk emulsion. The histopathology of larvae-treated and untreated nanoemulsion was analyzed. Furthermore, biochemical assays were carried out to examine the effect of nanoemulsion on biochemical characteristics of larvae. The treated larval homogenate showed decrease in total protein content and a significant reduction in the levels of acetylcholinesterase. The levels of acid and alkaline phosphatase also showed reduction as compared to control larval homogenate.
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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF Eucalyptus Oil NANOEMULSION AGAINST PROTEUS MIRABILIS Research Article
2012Co-Authors: S. Saranya, Natarajan Chandrasekaran, Amitava MukherjeeAbstract:The present study deals with the formulation and characterization of bio-based Oil in water nanoemulsion and its potential antibacterial activity against P.mirabilis. The nanoemulsion was formulated using Eucalyptus Oil, Tween 20 and ethanol by high energy method, Ultrasonication and the mean droplet size was found to be 20.17 nm as confirmed by dynamic light scattering. The nanoemulsion was highly stable, transparent and found to be effective bactericidal activity against tested pathogen. Growth inhibition was found to be 100% when treated with nanoemulsion as confirmed by dilution plate count and antibacterial susceptibility method.
Saeed Rezaee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Percutaneous Absorption of Salicylic Acid after Administration of Trolamine Salicylate Cream in Rats with Transcutol ® and Eucalyptus Oil Pre-Treated Skin
Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Paniz Sajjadi, Mohammad Javad Khodayar, Behzad Sharif Makhmalzadeh, Saeed RezaeeAbstract:Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the effect of skin pre-treatment with Transcutol® and Eucalyptus Oil on systemic absorption of topical trolamine salicylate in rat. Methods: Pharmacokinetic parameters of salicylic acid following administration of trolamine salicylate on rat skin pre-treated with either Transcutol® or Eucalyptus Oil were determined using both non-compartmental and non-linear mixed effect modeling approaches and compared with those of control group. Results: Median (% of interquartile range/median) of salicylic acid AUC0-8hr (ng/mL/hr) values in Transcutol® or Eucalyptus Oil treated rats were 2522(139%) and 58976(141%), respectively as compared to the 3023(327%) of the control group. Skin pre-treatment with Eucalyptus Oil could significantly decrease extravascular volume of distribution (V/F) and elimination rate constant (k) of salicylic acid. Conclusion: Unlike Transcutol®, Eucalyptus Oil lead to enhanced transdermal absorption of trolamine salicylate through rat skin.
Lesley Margaret Day - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eucalyptus Oil poisoning among young children: mechanisms of access and the potential for prevention
Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 1997Co-Authors: Lesley Margaret Day, Joan Ozanne-smith, Barry J. Parsons, Malcolm Dobbin, James TibballsAbstract:We studied unintentional paediatric Eucalyptus Oil poisoning to identify potential intervention strategies. The epidemiology of paediatric Eucalyptus Oil poisoning in Victoria was determined by analysis of four databases. The sequence of events preceding ingestion was examined by a telephone survey involving 109 parents or guardians of children under five years involved in an actual or suspected ingestion of Eucalyptus Oil. Such children were identified prospectively from all callers during a nine-month period to the Victorian Poisons Information Centre and those presenting to the emergency departments of the participating hospitals of the Victorian Injury Surveillance System. Eucalyptus Oil was a leading agent associated with hospitalisation for poisoning among Victorian children aged under five years. In the telephone survey, 90 incidents were found to involve vaporiser solutions, 15 Eucalyptus Oil preparations, and the remainder other Eucalyptus-Oil-containing products of a medicinal nature. Regardless of the type of product, 74 per cent gained access via a home vaporiser unit, most frequently placed at ground level. Although amounts ingested are usually small, the reported range of toxic doses is wide, necessitating at least a medical assessment following ingestion. Potential countermeasures identified in a consultative workshop included: discontinuing the use of Eucalyptus Oil as a therapeutic agent; confirmation that vaporiser-well residues are nontoxic; removal of barriers to product reregistration following safety-related modifications; improved child-resistant closures; discouraging vaporiser use for respiratory infections among young children; and development and dissemination of protocols for treatment of suspected ingestion.