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C. Maldonado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Eutectic modification in a low-chromium white cast iron by a mixture of titanium, rare earths, and bismuth: Part II. effect on the wear behavior
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2005Co-Authors: A. Bedolla-jacuinde, S. L. Aguilar, C. MaldonadoAbstract:In this work, we studied the wear behavior of a low-Cr white cast iron (WCI) modified with ferrotitanium-rare earths-bismuth (Fe-Ti-RE-Bi) up to 2%. These additions modified the Eutectic Carbide structure of the alloy from continuous ledeburite into a blocky, less interconnected Carbide network. The modified structure was wear tested under pure sliding conditions against a hardened M2 steel counter-face using a load of 250 N. It was observed that wear resistance increased as the modifier admixture increased. The modified structure had smaller more isolated Carbides than the WCI with no Fe-Ti-RE-Bi additions. It was observed that large Carbides fracture during sliding, which destabilizes the structure and causes degradation in the wear behavior. A transition from abrasive to oxidative wear after 20 km sliding occurred for all alloys. In addition, the modified alloys exhibited higher values of hardness and fracture toughness. These results are discussed in terms of the modified Eutectic Carbide microstructure.
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effect of titanium on the as cast microstructure of a 16 chromium white iron
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2005Co-Authors: A Bedollajacuinde, R Correa, J G Quezada, C. MaldonadoAbstract:Abstract This research work studies the effect of systematic titanium additions (up to 2 wt.%) to a 16%Cr, 2.5%C white cast iron. The study was undertaken in six laboratory made alloys with different titanium amounts. Alloys were melted in an open induction furnace by using high purity raw materials. Such additions caused small hard titanium Carbide particles to precipitate within the proEutectic austenite therefore promoting a strengthening of matrix; such particles also contributed to increase bulk hardness of the overall alloy. A structure refinement, as measured by the secondary dendrite arm spacing, was also observed as the titanium amount was increased. Titanium Carbide precipitation caused a small decrease in the Eutectic Carbide volume fraction. The fracture toughness remained constant since the strengthening of matrix was compensated with a decrease in the volume of Eutectic Carbides. According to this study, titanium can be used as an alloying element to increase the hardness and perhaps wear resistance without affecting fracture toughness in high-chromium cast alloys. The results are discussed in terms of the precipitation nature of such small hard titanium particles.
Ding Peidao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The evolution of Eutectic Carbide in M2 high-speed steel cast-strip
Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2009Co-Authors: Ding PeidaoAbstract:M2 high-speed steel cast-strip was produced on an industry twin roll caster and the effects of heat treatment and hot-roll on Eutectic Carbide in M2 high-speed steel cast-strip were studied by SEM and TEM.The results show that the Eutectic Carbides in M2 cast-strip are fine and their distribution is improved by the twin roll strip casting process.There are more M_2C Carbides in the M2 cast-strip compared with conventional strip.The M_2C Carbides are decomposed to finer M_6C and MC Carbides during heat treatment.The hot-rolled M2 high speed steel cast-strip exists some discontinuous Carbide nets.It is suggested that the hot-rolling is carried out after heat-treament for the cast-strip.
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Effect of vanadium on cast Carbide in high speed steels
Materials Science and Technology, 1992Co-Authors: Shi Gongqi, Ding Peidao, Zhou ShouzeAbstract:Abstract The effect of vanadium (0–4%) on the morphology and amount of Eutectic and eutectoid Carbides in high speed steels has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. It was found that vanadium promotes the formation of MC Carbide and M2C Carbide, but inhibits the formation of M6C Carbide. In the vanadium free steels, the Eutectic Carbide consists solely of skeletal M6C. For each steel composition, there is a critical vanadium content at which the skeletal Eutectic changes to lamellar Eutectic and the critical value decreases as the molybdenum content of steel increases. The effect of vanadium on the total amount of Eutectic Carbide differs in tungsten alloyed and molybdenum alloyed high speed steels. The δ eutectoid has a rodlike morphology in tungsten high speed steels; δ eutectoid is not present in Mo–W or molybdenum high speed steels. Increasing the vanadium content leads to an increase in the size of Eutectic and eutectoid Carbides.MST/1264
Zhou Shouze - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microstructure and Post-Treatment of M2 High Speed Steel Cast Strip
Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2006Co-Authors: Zhou ShouzeAbstract:The solidification microstructure of M2 high speed steel produced by different technologies and the evolution of Carbide in industrial cast strip processed by different heat treatment and hot deformation were investigated.The solidification rate and the average thickness of Eutectic Carbide net were measured.The transmission electron microscopy was adopted to study the influence of subsequent heat treatment and hot deformation on the Carbide phase.The effect of different technologies and post processing on the microstructure was analyzed by quantitative metallographic analysis.The results show that application of the twin-roll strip casting technology can refine the dendrite of solidification microstructure,reduce the thickness of Eutectic Carbide net and improve the Carbide distribution in M2 high speed steel.The Carbide morphology could be optimized by subsequent heat treatment and hot deformation.It is suggested that both heat treatment and hot deformation should be adopted to improve the M2 cast strip microstructure.
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Effect of vanadium on cast Carbide in high speed steels
Materials Science and Technology, 1992Co-Authors: Shi Gongqi, Ding Peidao, Zhou ShouzeAbstract:Abstract The effect of vanadium (0–4%) on the morphology and amount of Eutectic and eutectoid Carbides in high speed steels has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. It was found that vanadium promotes the formation of MC Carbide and M2C Carbide, but inhibits the formation of M6C Carbide. In the vanadium free steels, the Eutectic Carbide consists solely of skeletal M6C. For each steel composition, there is a critical vanadium content at which the skeletal Eutectic changes to lamellar Eutectic and the critical value decreases as the molybdenum content of steel increases. The effect of vanadium on the total amount of Eutectic Carbide differs in tungsten alloyed and molybdenum alloyed high speed steels. The δ eutectoid has a rodlike morphology in tungsten high speed steels; δ eutectoid is not present in Mo–W or molybdenum high speed steels. Increasing the vanadium content leads to an increase in the size of Eutectic and eutectoid Carbides.MST/1264
D. A. Sukhanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanism of Fe 2 C Type Eutectic Carbide Formation Within Damascus Steel Structure
Metallurgist, 2018Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L. B. Arkhangel’skii, N. V. PlotnikovaAbstract:Three stages are developed for forming a Damascus steel structure of high-purity white cast iron BU22A obtained by vacuum melting. In the first stage of the production process, a continuous of Carbide sheath is formed along the boundaries of austenitic grains, which morphologically resembles ledeburite inclusions. In the second stage of the process, there is compaction and faceting of large Eutectic type Carbide formation. In the third stage of the production process (forging), a globular sorbite matrix is formed with faceted Eutectic Carbides in size from 5.0 to 20 μm distributed unevenly in the deformation direction. It is observed that the stoichiometric composition of faceted Eutectic Carbides is within the limits of 34 < C < 36 at.%, which corresponds to Fe2C type e-Carbide with a hexagonal close-packed lattice. A two-stage mechanism is considered for conversion of excess secondary cementite into faceted Fe2C type Eutectic e-Carbides. It is revealed that isothermal exposure duration on heating to the Eutectic temperature, is an integral part of the process of forming new excess Fe2C type Carbides with a hexagonal close-packed lattice.
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Mechanism of Fe_2C Type Eutectic Carbide Formation Within Damascus Steel Structure
Metallurgist, 2018Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L. B. Arkhangel’skii, N. V. PlotnikovaAbstract:Three stages are developed for forming a Damascus steel structure of high-purity white cast iron BU22A obtained by vacuum melting. In the first stage of the production process, a continuous of Carbide sheath is formed along the boundaries of austenitic grains, which morphologically resembles ledeburite inclusions. In the second stage of the process, there is compaction and faceting of large Eutectic type Carbide formation. In the third stage of the production process (forging), a globular sorbite matrix is formed with faceted Eutectic Carbides in size from 5.0 to 20 μm distributed unevenly in the deformation direction. It is observed that the stoichiometric composition of faceted Eutectic Carbides is within the limits of 34 < C < 36 at.%, which corresponds to Fe_2C type ε-Carbide with a hexagonal close-packed lattice. A two-stage mechanism is considered for conversion of excess secondary cementite into faceted Fe_2C type Eutectic ε-Carbides. It is revealed that isothermal exposure duration on heating to the Eutectic temperature, is an integral part of the process of forming new excess Fe_2C type Carbides with a hexagonal close-packed lattice.
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damascus steel ledeburite class
Microelectronics Systems Education, 2017Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L B Arkhangelsky, And N V PlotnikovaAbstract:Discovered that some of blades Damascus steel has an unusual nature of origin of the excess cementite, which different from the redundant phases of secondary cementite, cementite of ledeburite and primary cementite in iron-carbon alloys. It is revealed that the morphological features of separate particles of cementite in Damascus steels lies in the abnormal size of excess Carbides having the shape of irregular prisms. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of excess cementite in the form of faceted prismatic of excess Carbides. The first hypothesis is based on thermal fission of cementite of a few isolated grains. The second hypothesis is based on the process of fragmentation cementite during deformation to the separate the pieces. The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable cementite in the stable of angular Eutectic Carbide. It is shown that the angular Carbides are formed within the original metastable colony ledeburite, so they are called "Eutectic Carbide". It is established that high-purity white cast iron is converted into of Damascus steel during isothermal soaking at the annealing. It was revealed that some of blades Damascus steel ledeburite class do not contain in its microstructure of crushed ledeburite. It is shown that the pattern of Carbide heterogeneity of Damascus steel consists entirely of angular Eutectic Carbides. Believe that Damascus steel refers to non-heat-resistant steel of ledeburite class, which have similar structural characteristics with semi-heat-resistant die steel or heat-resistant high speed steel, differing from them only in the nature of excess Carbide phase.
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Eutectic Carbides in damascus steel ledeburite class wootz
International Research Journal of Materials Sciences and Applications, 2017Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, L B ArkhangelskyAbstract:Considered the nature of the change of the morphology of excess Carbides in Damascus steel (Wootz), depending on the degree of supercooling of the melt, heat treatment and plastic deformation. Discovered that some of blades Damascus steel has an unusual nature of origin of the excess cementite, which different from the redundant phases of secondary cementite, cementite of ledeburite and primary cementite in iron-carbon alloys. It is revealed that the morphological features of separate particles of cementite in Damascus steels lies in the abnormal size of excess Carbides having the shape of irregular prisms. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of excess cementite in the form of faceted prismatic of excess Carbides. The first hypothesis is based on thermal fission of cementite of a few isolated grains. The second hypothesis is based on the process of fragmentation cementite during deformation to the separate the pieces. The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable cementite in the stable of angular Eutectic Carbide. It is shown that the angular Carbides are formed within the original metastable colony ledeburite, so they are called “Eutectic Carbide”. It is established that high-purity white cast iron is converted into of Damascus steel during isothermal soaking at the annealing. It was revealed that some of blades Damascus steel ledeburite class do not contain in its microstructure of crushed ledeburite. It is shown that the pattern of Carbide heterogeneity of Damascus steel consists entirely of angular Eutectic Carbides. Believe that Damascus steel refers to non-heat-resistant steel of ledeburite class, which have similar structural characteristics with semi-heat-resistant die steel or heat-resistant high speed steel, differing from them only in the nature of excess Carbide phase.
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morphology of excess Carbides damascus steel
Journal of Materials Science Research, 2016Co-Authors: D. A. Sukhanov, N. V. Plotnikova, L B Arkhangelsky, N S BelousovaAbstract:Considered the nature of changes in the morphology of Carbides of the unalloyed high-carbon alloys type Damascus steel depending on the degree of supercooling of the melt, heat treatment and plastic deformation. It is shown that iron-carbon alloy with carbon content as in white cast iron at high degrees of supercooling can crystallize as a high-carbon steel. Considered three hypotheses for the formation of the Eutectic Carbides in pure iron-carbon alloys. The first hypothesis is based on the thermal process of dividing plates of secondary cementite or of ledeburite on isolated single grain. The second hypothesis is based on the deformation process of crushing of secondary cementite or of ledeburite into separate fragments (the traditional view on the formation of Eutectic Carbides). The third hypothesis is based on the transformation of metastable ledeburite in a stable phase of Eutectic Carbide prismatic morphology. Found that some types of wootz, which carbon content as in of white cast irons not is contain its structure of ledeburite. It is shown that the structure of consists entirely of the Eutectic Carbides prismatic morphology.
Peidao Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carbides in High-Speed Steels Containing Silicon
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2004Co-Authors: Fusheng Pan, Peidao Ding, Aitao Tang, Mitsuji Hirohashi, D. V. EdmondsAbstract:The effects of silicon additions up to 3.5 wt pct on the as-cast Carbides, as-quenched Carbides, and as-tempered Carbides of high-speed steels W3Mo2Cr4V, W6Mo5Cr4V2, and W9Mo3Cr4V were investigated. In order to further understand these effects, a Fe-16Mo-0.9C alloy was also studied. The results show that a critical content of silicon exists for the effects of silicon on the types and amount of Eutectic Carbides in the high-speed steels, which is about 3, 2, and 1 wt pct for W3Mo2Cr4V, W6Mo5Cr4V2, and W9Mo3Cr4V, respectively. When the silicon content exceeds the critical value, the M2C Eutectic Carbide almost disappears in the tested high-speed steels. Silicon additions were found to raise the precipitate temperature of primary MC Carbide in the melt of high-speed steels that contained d-ferrite, and hence increased the size of primary MC Carbide. The precipitate temperature of primary MC Carbide in the high-speed steels without d-ferrite, however, was almost not affected by the addition of silicon. It is found that silicon additions increase the amount of undis-solved M6C Carbide very obviously. The higher the tungsten content in the high-speed steels, the more apparent is the effect of silicon additions on the undissolved M6C Carbides. The amount of MC and M2C temper precipitates is decreased in the W6Mo5Cr4V and W9Mo3Cr4V steels by the addition of silicon, but in the W3Mo2Cr4V steel, it rises to about 2.3 wt pct.
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Thin strip casting of high speed steels
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1997Co-Authors: Fusheng Pan, Shouze Zhou, Xuebo Liang, Peidao DingAbstract:Abstract The thin strip casting of high speed steels W3Mo2Cr4VSi and W6Mo5Cr4V2 has been investigated. The as-cast strips are of 2.5–4 mm thickness, reduced by hot rolling to 1.8–2 mm thickness. The steel sheets are used to make power hacksaw blades. The experimental results show that the metallurgical quality of the as-cast strips is now at an acceptable level, and the as-cast Carbides in the strips are very fine although the Eutectic Carbide network still exists. However, most of reveals that the performance of these hacksaw blades is satisfactory, compared with that of hacksaw blades made of conventionally produced steel sheets.
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As-cast Carbides in high-speed steels
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 1993Co-Authors: Peidao Ding, Gongqi Shi, Shouze ZhouAbstract:The spatial distribution and structure of as-cast Carbides and the effects of W, Mo, and V content on the morphology and amount of as-cast Carbides in high-speed steels were studied systematically. It was shown that increasing the Mo and decreasing the W content led to a decrease in the amount of total Eutectic Carbide and an increase in the MC and M2C Carbides. The Eutectic morphology changed from skeletal to platelike when the content of Mo increased. The presence of V favored not only the formation of MC Carbide but also the formation of M2C Carbide and reduced the formation of M2C Carbide. Increasing V led to an increase in the size of the Eutectic Carbides.
