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Michael W Sherman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of Exercise Behavior among college students application of social cognitive theory to predicting stage of change
Preventive Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Lorraine Silver Wallace, Janet Buckworth, Timothy E Kirby, Michael W ShermanAbstract:Background. Young adulthood is characterized by a steep decline in the level of physical activity, but few theory-based studies have examined characteristics associated with regular Exercise in this population. This study applied Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Stages of Change Model (SCM) to determine personal, Behavioral, and environmental characteristics associated with Exercise Behavior and intentions among undergraduate university students. Methods. A random sample of 937 undergraduate students (mean age 22.0 ± 5.6 years; 84.7% ages 17–24 years) enrolled at a large Midwestern university completed a mailed questionnaire. Valid and reliable instruments were used to measure personal, Behavioral, and environmental variables based on the SCT that were hypothesized to influence stage of Exercise Behavior change. Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to determine associations among these variables with stage of Exercise Behavior change. Results. Exercise self-efficacy, physical activity history, and nonExercise estimation of aerobic capacity were significant predictors of the stage of Exercise Behavior change for both males and females. Among females, Exercise self-efficacy (P < 0.001) and family social support (P < 0.001) for physical activity were the best predictors of stage of Exercise Behavior change. Friend social support (P < 0.001), physical activity history (P < 0.001), and Exercise self-efficacy (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of stage of Exercise Behavior change among males. Conclusions. The SCT framework predicted stage of Exercise Behavior change as defined by the SCM. Exercise self-efficacy was associated with Exercise stage, but the source of significant social support (family versus friends) was different for males and females.
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characteristics of Exercise Behavior among college students application of social cognitive theory to predicting stage of change
Preventive Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Lorraine Silver Wallace, Janet Buckworth, Timothy E Kirby, Michael W ShermanAbstract:Background Young adulthood is characterized by a steep decline in the level of physical activity, but few theory-based studies have examined characteristics associated with regular Exercise in this population. This study applied Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Stages of Change Model (SCM) to determine personal, Behavioral, and environmental characteristics associated with Exercise Behavior and intentions among undergraduate university students. Methods A random sample of 937 undergraduate students (mean age 22.0 +/- 5.6 years; 84.7% ages 17-24 years) enrolled at a large Midwestern university completed a mailed questionnaire. Valid and reliable instruments were used to measure personal, Behavioral, and environmental variables based on the SCT that were hypothesized to influence stage of Exercise Behavior change. Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to determine associations among these variables with stage of Exercise Behavior change. Results Exercise self-efficacy, physical activity history, and nonExercise estimation of aerobic capacity were significant predictors of the stage of Exercise Behavior change for both males and females. Among females, Exercise self-efficacy (P Conclusions The SCT framework predicted stage of Exercise Behavior change as defined by the SCM. Exercise self-efficacy was associated with Exercise stage, but the source of significant social support (family versus friends) was different for males and females.
Claudio R. Nigg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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barriers to Exercise Behavior among older adults a focus group study
Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 2005Co-Authors: Faith D Lees, Claudio R. Nigg, Phillip G Clarkr, Phillip NewmanAbstract:Longer life expectancy, rapid population growth, and low Exercise-participation rates of adults 65 and older justify the need for better understanding of older adults' Exercise Behavior. The objectives of this focus-group study were to determine barriers to the Exercise Behavior of older adults. Six focus groups, three with Exercisers and three with nonExercisers, were conducted at various sites throughout Rhode Island. The majority (n = 57) of the 66 individuals who participated were women, and all stated that they were 65 and older. Results from the focus-group data identified 13 barriers to Exercise Behavior. The most significant barriers mentioned by nonExercisers were fear of falling, inertia, and negative affect. Exercisers identified inertia, time constraints, and physical ailments as being the most significant barriers to Exercise. Implications from these focus-group data can be useful in the development of Exercise interventions for older adults, which could increase Exercise participation.
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testing a theoretical model of Exercise Behavior for older adults
Nursing Research, 2003Co-Authors: Barbara Resnick, Claudio R. NiggAbstract:BACKGROUND: Although there are many known benefits to Exercise, only 10-30% of older adults report regular Exercise. Understanding the factors that explain Exercise Behavior in older adults will help structure interventions that motivate these individuals to initiate and adhere to regular Exercise. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the impact of components from two theoretical perspectives that explain Exercise Behavior, social cognitive theory, and the transtheoretical model. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using a sample of 179 older adults living independently in an East Coast continuing care retirement community (CCRC). A single one-time interview was completed and included: (a) stage of change for Exercise, (b) self-efficacy and outcome expectations, (c) health status, (d) fear of falling, and (e) Exercise activity. Model testing used structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Testing of the hypothesized model showed that 11 of the 22 paths were statistically significant. Health status and social support influenced self-efficacy and outcome expectations which directly influenced stage of change and Exercise. Social support likewise directly influenced stage of change. Together the variables in the model explained 64% of Exercise Behavior in older adults. There was a poor fit of the hypothesized model to the data with a chi2 of 144.7, degrees of freedom (df) of 23 and a ratio of 6.3. The revised model fit the data better chi2 = 80.5, df = 19, p <.05, chi2/df = 4.2) and there was improved fit when compared to the hypothesized model (chi2 difference of 64.0, df difference of 4, p < or = l. DISCUSSION: The combined testing of the mediating components of the theory of self-efficacy as well as the incorporation of the stage of change to explain Exercise Behavior in older adults suggests that both of these approaches are useful. Stage of change may be particularly useful to help determine the most appropriate intervention to increase activity and Exercise in older adults.
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Testing a theoretical model of Exercise Behavior for older adults.
Nursing research, 2003Co-Authors: Barbara Resnick, Claudio R. NiggAbstract:BACKGROUND: Although there are many known benefits to Exercise, only 10-30% of older adults report regular Exercise. Understanding the factors that explain Exercise Behavior in older adults will help structure interventions that motivate these individuals to initiate and adhere to regular Exercise. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the impact of components from two theoretical perspectives that explain Exercise Behavior, social cognitive theory, and the transtheoretical model. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using a sample of 179 older adults living independently in an East Coast continuing care retirement community (CCRC). A single one-time interview was completed and included: (a) stage of change for Exercise, (b) self-efficacy and outcome expectations, (c) health status, (d) fear of falling, and (e) Exercise activity. Model testing used structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Testing of the hypothesized model showed that 11 of the 22 paths were statistically significant. Health status and social support influenced self-efficacy and outcome expectations which directly influenced stage of change and Exercise. Social support likewise directly influenced stage of change. Together the variables in the model explained 64% of Exercise Behavior in older adults. There was a poor fit of the hypothesized model to the data with a chi2 of 144.7, degrees of freedom (df) of 23 and a ratio of 6.3. The revised model fit the data better chi2 = 80.5, df = 19, p
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Transtheoretical model: Examining adolescent Exercise Behavior
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1998Co-Authors: Claudio R. Nigg, Kerry S. CourneyaAbstract:Purpose: The entire Transtheoretical Model, consisting of stages of change, processes of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance, was tested for its applicability to understanding Exercise Behavior in an adolescent population. Methods: Students ( n = 819) from five community high schools (Grades 9–12) completed self-administered questionnaires, all of which were adapted from previous literature. Stage of Exercise Behavior change served as the dependent variable. Results: Distribution of the sample across the stages was: precontemplation, n = 17 (2.1%); contemplation, n = 34 (4.2%); preparation, n = 235 (28.7%); action, n = 129 (15.7%); and maintenance, n = 404 (49.3%). Univariate analyses of variance ( p Discussion: Preliminary evidence was found for the applicability of the Transtheoretical Model to adolescents. The low rate of adolescents in the precontemplation and contemplation stages was not deemed a major limitation, owing to the purpose of the investigation.
Eco J. C. De Geus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A twin study on the correlates of voluntary Exercise Behavior in adolescence
Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2019Co-Authors: Nienke M. Schutte, Meike Bartels, Ineke Nederend, Eco J. C. De GeusAbstract:Abstract Objectives To improve the success of interventions aimed to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity, we need to better understand the correlates of the extensive individual differences in voluntary Exercise activities. Starting in adolescence, genetic effects become a dominant factor in explaining individual differences in voluntary Exercise Behavior. Here we aim to establish the prospective contribution of potential correlates of voluntary Exercise Behavior to its heritability. Design In a sample of adolescent and young adult twins, data on potential correlates of Exercise Behavior were collected using surveys (time point 1, N = 373) and a laboratory study (time point 2, N = 499). Information on personality, perceived barriers & benefits, subjective and objective Exercise ability and the affective response to Exercise were collected in a set of healthy adolescent twin pairs (16-18y) and their non-twin siblings (12-25y). Almost 3 years later, the subjects were sent an online follow-up survey on their current Exercise status (time point 3, N = 423). Methods In bivariate models, the phenotypic (co)variance in these correlates and Exercise Behavior at all time points were decomposed in sources of genetic (co)variance and environmental (co)variance. The correlates that were significantly associated with Exercise Behavior at time point 1 or 2 and showed significant genetic correlations to Exercise Behavior at time point 3 were used in two further analyses: Multiple regression analysis to predict Exercise Behavior at time point 3, and a genetic analysis in a common 2-factor model, that tested the overlap in genetic factors influencing these correlates and Exercise Behavior. Results Personality (Extraversion), perceived benefits and barriers, Exercise-induced affective response (Energy measured after the cycling test), and subjective and objective Exercise ability (VO2max) showed significant phenotypic and genetic association with Exercise Behavior at time point 3. The genetic correlation between the two latent factors in the common 2-factor model was 0.51, indicating that part of the heritability in Exercise Behavior derives from genetic variants that also influence these correlates. Conclusions Given their shared genetic basis and predictive power we assert that individual differences in extraversion, perceived benefits and barriers, Exercise-induced feelings of energy, and subjective and objective Exercise ability can be used to develop stratified interventions for adolescent and young adult Exercise Behavior. In addition, our results provide the first clues on ‘where to look’ for specific genetic variants for voluntary Exercise Behavior.
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Heritability of the affective response to Exercise and its correlation to Exercise Behavior.
Psychology of sport and exercise, 2016Co-Authors: Nienke M. Schutte, Meike Bartels, Ineke Nederend, James J. Hudziak, Eco J. C. De GeusAbstract:Objectives Individual differences in adolescent Exercise Behavior are strongly influenced by genetic factors. The affective response to Exercise is a potential source of these genetic influences. To test its role in the motivation to Exercise, we estimated the heritability of the affective responses during and after Exercise and the overlap with the genetic factors influencing regular voluntary Exercise Behavior. Design 226 twin pairs and 38 siblings completed two submaximal Exercise tests on a cycle ergometer and a treadmill and a maximal Exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Affective responses were assessed by the Feeling Scale (FS), Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and the Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist (AD ACL). Methods Multivariate structural equation modeling was used to estimate heritability of the affective responses during and after submaximal and maximal Exercise and the (genetic) correlation with self-reported regular voluntary Exercise Behavior over the past year. Results Genetic factors explained 15% of the individual differences in FS responses during the cycle ergometer test, as well as 29% and 35% of the individual differences in RPE during the cycle ergometer and treadmill tests, respectively. For the AD ACL scales, heritability estimates ranged from 17% to 37% after submaximal Exercise and from 12% to 37% after maximal Exercise. Without exception, more positive affective responses were associated with higher amounts of regular Exercise activity (0.15
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A Twin-Sibling Study on the Relationship Between Exercise Attitudes and Exercise Behavior
Behavior genetics, 2013Co-Authors: Charlotte Huppertz, Dorret I. Boomsma, Meike Bartels, Iris E. Jansen, Gonneke Willemsen, Marleen H. M. De Moor, Eco J. C. De GeusAbstract:Social cognitive models of health Behavior propose that individual differences in leisure time Exercise Behavior are influenced by the attitudes towards Exercise. At the same time, large scale twin-family studies show a significant influence of genetic factors on regular Exercise Behavior. This twin–sibling study aimed to unite these findings by demonstrating that Exercise attitudes can be heritable themselves. Secondly, the genetic and environmental cross-trait correlations and the monozygotic (MZ) twin intrapair differences model were used to test whether the association between Exercise attitudes and Exercise Behavior can be causal. Survey data were obtained from 5,095 twins and siblings (18–50 years). A genetic contribution was found for Exercise Behavior (50 % in males, 43 % in females) and for the six Exercise attitude components derived from principal component analysis: perceived benefits (21, 27 %), lack of skills, support and/or resources (45, 48 %), time constraints (25, 30 %), lack of energy (34, 44 %), lack of enjoyment (47, 44 %), and embarrassment (42, 49 %). These components were predictive of leisure time Exercise Behavior (R² = 28 %). Bivariate modeling further showed that all the genetic (0.36 < |rA| < 0.80) and all but two unique environmental (0.00 < |rE| < 0.27) correlations between Exercise attitudes and Exercise Behavior were significantly different from zero, which is a necessary condition for the existence of a causal effect driving the association. The correlations between the MZ twins’ difference scores were in line with this finding. It is concluded that Exercise attitudes and Exercise Behavior are heritable, that attitudes and Behavior are partly correlated through pleiotropic genetic effects, but that the data are compatible with a causal association between Exercise attitudes and Behavior.
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Genetic Influences on Individual Differences in Exercise Behavior during Adolescence
International journal of pediatrics, 2010Co-Authors: Niels Van Der Aa, Eco J. C. De Geus, Toos C. E. M. Van Beijsterveldt, Dorret I. Boomsma, Meike BartelsAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which genetic and environmental influences affect variation in adolescent Exercise Behavior. Data on regular leisure time Exercise activities were analyzed in 8,355 adolescent twins, from three-age cohorts (13-14, 15-16, and 17–19 years). Exercise Behavior was assessed with survey items about type of regular leisure time Exercise, frequency, and duration of the activities. Participants were classified as sedentary, regular Exercisers, or vigorous Exercisers. The prevalence of moderate Exercise Behavior declined from age 13 to 19 years with a parallel increase in prevalence of sedentary Behavior, whereas the prevalence of vigorous Exercise Behavior remained constant across age cohorts. Variation in Exercise Behavior was analyzed with genetic structural equation modeling employing a liability threshold model. Variation was largely accounted for by genetic factors (72% to 85% of the variance was explained by genetic factors), whereas shared environmental factors only accounted for a substantial part of the variation in girls aged 13-14 years (46%). We hypothesize that genetic effects on Exercise ability may explain the high heritability of Exercise Behavior in this phase of life.
Barbara Resnick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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testing a model of post stroke Exercise Behavior
Rehabilitation Nursing, 2006Co-Authors: Marianne Shaughnessy, Barbara Resnick, Richard F MackoAbstract:Stroke is the leading cause of disability in older Americans, and survivors tend to be sedentary, thereby risking loss of functional gains achieved during rehabilitation and increasing cardiovascular risk. Studies of motivation to Exercise in older adults suggest that self-efficacy and outcome expectations are key determinants of initiation and adherence to Exercise programs. This study tested a theoretical model of physical activity in stroke survivors. A survey of Exercise beliefs and patterns was sent to National Stroke Association stroke support groups. Responses from 312 stroke survivors (mean age 63 years, 57% female, 70% White) indicated that only 31% Exercised four times weekly. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations for Exercise, before Exercise history, and physician recommendation all directly and indirectly influenced self-reported Exercise Behavior and accounted for 33% of the total variance in Exercise Behavior. Model testing supported the theory and the model fit the data. Interventions to strengthen self-efficacy and outcome expectations for Exercise, along with reminders for clinicians to encourage regular Exercise programs, may increase the likelihood of initiating and maintaining an Exercise program, potentially improving physical function and cardiovascular fitness in this population.
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testing a theoretical model of Exercise Behavior for older adults
Nursing Research, 2003Co-Authors: Barbara Resnick, Claudio R. NiggAbstract:BACKGROUND: Although there are many known benefits to Exercise, only 10-30% of older adults report regular Exercise. Understanding the factors that explain Exercise Behavior in older adults will help structure interventions that motivate these individuals to initiate and adhere to regular Exercise. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the impact of components from two theoretical perspectives that explain Exercise Behavior, social cognitive theory, and the transtheoretical model. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using a sample of 179 older adults living independently in an East Coast continuing care retirement community (CCRC). A single one-time interview was completed and included: (a) stage of change for Exercise, (b) self-efficacy and outcome expectations, (c) health status, (d) fear of falling, and (e) Exercise activity. Model testing used structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Testing of the hypothesized model showed that 11 of the 22 paths were statistically significant. Health status and social support influenced self-efficacy and outcome expectations which directly influenced stage of change and Exercise. Social support likewise directly influenced stage of change. Together the variables in the model explained 64% of Exercise Behavior in older adults. There was a poor fit of the hypothesized model to the data with a chi2 of 144.7, degrees of freedom (df) of 23 and a ratio of 6.3. The revised model fit the data better chi2 = 80.5, df = 19, p <.05, chi2/df = 4.2) and there was improved fit when compared to the hypothesized model (chi2 difference of 64.0, df difference of 4, p < or = l. DISCUSSION: The combined testing of the mediating components of the theory of self-efficacy as well as the incorporation of the stage of change to explain Exercise Behavior in older adults suggests that both of these approaches are useful. Stage of change may be particularly useful to help determine the most appropriate intervention to increase activity and Exercise in older adults.
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Testing a theoretical model of Exercise Behavior for older adults.
Nursing research, 2003Co-Authors: Barbara Resnick, Claudio R. NiggAbstract:BACKGROUND: Although there are many known benefits to Exercise, only 10-30% of older adults report regular Exercise. Understanding the factors that explain Exercise Behavior in older adults will help structure interventions that motivate these individuals to initiate and adhere to regular Exercise. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the impact of components from two theoretical perspectives that explain Exercise Behavior, social cognitive theory, and the transtheoretical model. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using a sample of 179 older adults living independently in an East Coast continuing care retirement community (CCRC). A single one-time interview was completed and included: (a) stage of change for Exercise, (b) self-efficacy and outcome expectations, (c) health status, (d) fear of falling, and (e) Exercise activity. Model testing used structural equation modeling. RESULTS: Testing of the hypothesized model showed that 11 of the 22 paths were statistically significant. Health status and social support influenced self-efficacy and outcome expectations which directly influenced stage of change and Exercise. Social support likewise directly influenced stage of change. Together the variables in the model explained 64% of Exercise Behavior in older adults. There was a poor fit of the hypothesized model to the data with a chi2 of 144.7, degrees of freedom (df) of 23 and a ratio of 6.3. The revised model fit the data better chi2 = 80.5, df = 19, p
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The effect of social support on Exercise Behavior in older adults.
Clinical nursing research, 2002Co-Authors: Barbara Resnick, Denise Orwig, Jay Magaziner, Carol WynneAbstract:The purpose of this study was to test the relationship among social supports related to Exercise (family, friends, and expert support), self-efficacy expectations, outcome expectations, and Exercise Behavior in a sample of older adults living in a continuing care retirement community. The sample included 74 older adults with a mean age of 85.6±5.5. Path analysis using Amos 4.0 was done. The model fit the data (chi-square = 4.6, df = 3, p = .21, normed fit index of .99, relative fit index of .98, and root mean square error of approximation of .08) and explained 53% of the variance in Exercise Behavior. Five of the seven hypothesized paths in the model were statistically significant. Friend support indirectly influenced Exercise through self-efficacy and outcome expectations. This suggests interventions to improve Exercise Behavior in older adults should incorporate social supports to strengthen self-efficacy and outcome expectations related to Exercise.
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Testing a model of Exercise Behavior in older adults.
Research in nursing & health, 2001Co-Authors: Barbara ResnickAbstract:The purpose of this study was to test a model of Exercise Behavior in older adults. It was hypothesized that (a) mental and physical health directly influence self-efficacy expectations; (b) mental and physical health, age, and self-efficacy expectations influence outcome expectations; and (c) all these variables directly and/or indirectly influence Exercise Behavior. The sample was composed of 175 older adults living in a continuing-care retirement community, each of whom was interviewed once. Seven of the 10 hypothesized paths were significant. Physical health, self-efficacy expectations, and outcome expectations directly influenced Exercise Behavior, and age and mental health indirectly influenced Exercise through self-efficacy expectations and outcome expectations. Combined these variables accounted for 30% of the variance in Exercise Behavior. To improve Exercise Behavior in older adults, health care providers should focus on developing interventions to strengthen self-efficacy and outcome expectations related to Exercise.
Lorraine Silver Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of Exercise Behavior among college students application of social cognitive theory to predicting stage of change
Preventive Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Lorraine Silver Wallace, Janet Buckworth, Timothy E Kirby, Michael W ShermanAbstract:Background. Young adulthood is characterized by a steep decline in the level of physical activity, but few theory-based studies have examined characteristics associated with regular Exercise in this population. This study applied Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Stages of Change Model (SCM) to determine personal, Behavioral, and environmental characteristics associated with Exercise Behavior and intentions among undergraduate university students. Methods. A random sample of 937 undergraduate students (mean age 22.0 ± 5.6 years; 84.7% ages 17–24 years) enrolled at a large Midwestern university completed a mailed questionnaire. Valid and reliable instruments were used to measure personal, Behavioral, and environmental variables based on the SCT that were hypothesized to influence stage of Exercise Behavior change. Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to determine associations among these variables with stage of Exercise Behavior change. Results. Exercise self-efficacy, physical activity history, and nonExercise estimation of aerobic capacity were significant predictors of the stage of Exercise Behavior change for both males and females. Among females, Exercise self-efficacy (P < 0.001) and family social support (P < 0.001) for physical activity were the best predictors of stage of Exercise Behavior change. Friend social support (P < 0.001), physical activity history (P < 0.001), and Exercise self-efficacy (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of stage of Exercise Behavior change among males. Conclusions. The SCT framework predicted stage of Exercise Behavior change as defined by the SCM. Exercise self-efficacy was associated with Exercise stage, but the source of significant social support (family versus friends) was different for males and females.
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characteristics of Exercise Behavior among college students application of social cognitive theory to predicting stage of change
Preventive Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Lorraine Silver Wallace, Janet Buckworth, Timothy E Kirby, Michael W ShermanAbstract:Background Young adulthood is characterized by a steep decline in the level of physical activity, but few theory-based studies have examined characteristics associated with regular Exercise in this population. This study applied Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Stages of Change Model (SCM) to determine personal, Behavioral, and environmental characteristics associated with Exercise Behavior and intentions among undergraduate university students. Methods A random sample of 937 undergraduate students (mean age 22.0 +/- 5.6 years; 84.7% ages 17-24 years) enrolled at a large Midwestern university completed a mailed questionnaire. Valid and reliable instruments were used to measure personal, Behavioral, and environmental variables based on the SCT that were hypothesized to influence stage of Exercise Behavior change. Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to determine associations among these variables with stage of Exercise Behavior change. Results Exercise self-efficacy, physical activity history, and nonExercise estimation of aerobic capacity were significant predictors of the stage of Exercise Behavior change for both males and females. Among females, Exercise self-efficacy (P Conclusions The SCT framework predicted stage of Exercise Behavior change as defined by the SCM. Exercise self-efficacy was associated with Exercise stage, but the source of significant social support (family versus friends) was different for males and females.