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Heldner Christina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Le rôle de la sémantique dans l’interprétation de aucun
Linx, 2012Co-Authors: Heldner ChristinaAbstract:Les syntagmes nominaux déterminés par l'indéfini AUCUN – que l'on peut envisager comme un quantificateur existentiel intégré dans le champ de la négation – reçoivent deux interprétations distinctes, surtout en position de sujet, suivant qu'ils apparaissent dans un énoncé déclaratif ou existentiel.Une lecture non référentielle s'impose en proposition existentielle, où ces SN contribuent à asserter la non existence ou l'absence d'objets (ou de substances ou d'ensembles d'objets) de la catégorie désignées par le nom tête. L'énoncé Dans cette région, il n'y a aucune classe maternelle de plus de quatorze enfants en constitue un exemple caractéristique.Dans des énoncés déclaratifs, comme Aucune maison n'a été épargnée, ce quantificateur négatif opère sur un sous-ensemble fini et spécifique d'objets de la catégorie dénotée par la tête nominale (c'est-à-dire maisons). L'existence de ce sous-ensemble étant présupposée, cette lecture est qualifiée de référentielle.Le problème traité dans cet article est celui d'identifier les facteurs responsables de la sélection de l'une ou de l'autre lecture. En fait, il n'existe pas de critère formel simple permettant de décider si un énoncé donné doit s'analyser comme déclaratif ou existentiel, sauf quand celui-ci fait intervenir une construction impersonnelle comme il y a. L'approche adoptée ici consiste à explorer les possibilités d'une analyse purement sémantique cantonnée dans la phrase. Une éventuelle analyse pragmatique interviendra à un stade ultérieur pour rendre compte des cas demeurés ambigus au niveau phrastique. Un examen des données fournies par un corpus informatisé a donné les résultats suivants :Un SN déterminé par AUCUN et sujet d'un verbe passif accepte seulement la lecture non référentielle, lorsqu'il a un nom tête syncatégorématique marqué [abstrait] et qu'il s'accompagne d'un verbe support. Quant aux SN en AUCUN sujets d'un verbe existentiel, ils manifestent une forte tendance à recevoir une interprétation non référentielle. En revanche, la lecture référentielle s'impose dès que le nom tête du SN sujet est catégorématique et marqué [animé] ou [concret] et que la structure sémantique du verbe est suffisamment riche pour lui assurer une certaine autonomie. En combinant un verbe qui impose peu de contraintes sémantiques à son sujet – ou aucune – à un SN sujet dénotant un référent concret ou animé, on obtiendra souvent une phase ambiguë, dont l'ambiguïté ne sera levée que par une prise en compte de facteurs discursifs ou pragmatiques.This study is concerned with the interpretation of French noun phrases containing an instance of the indefinite determiner AUCUN, which may be seen as Existential Quantifier in the scope of negation. Such noun phrases give rise to two distinct readings according as they appear in Existential or declarative sentences, particularly in the subject position.In Existential propositions an NP of the structure AUCUN N is used to asset the non existence of entities, substances, or sets of the category denoted by N relative to a specific location in time and space, as in Dans cette région, il n'y a aucune classe maternelle de plus de quatorze enfants. This reading of AUCUN N is being refused to as non referential.In a declarative sentence like Aucune maison n'a été épargnée, the negative Quantifier operates on a finite, specific subset of entities of the category N (i. e. maisons), the existence of which is presupposed. It is asserted that the action, process, or state denoted by the verb does not hold for any of the members of this subset. This reading is claimed to be referential.The question addressed here is that of identifying the factors which determine the interpretation of an actual utterance. In fact, ther exist no simple formal criteria for deciding whether a given utterance containing a noun phrase of this structure should be analysed as declarative rather than Existential, except where an explicit use of an impersonal construction such as il y a is involved. This problem must clearly be solved in order for a parser to work out valid inferences from this type of sentences. My approach is exclusively semantic, but an analysis along pragmatic lines may prove necessary in the end to account for certain cases. An analysis of the data obtained from a computer readable corpus yields the following results.A non referential reading is alone available for a subject NP of the type AUCUN N inpassivized sentences, if its head noun features the properties abstract and syncategorematic, and if it takes a verb which typically collocates with this noun (a « support » verb). Furthermore, there is a strong tendency for any subject NP containing AUCUN to be interpreted non referentially when combined with an intransitive Existential verb, although a referential reading is shown not to be entirely excluded. On the other hand, the referential reading obtains whenever the nominal head of the subject NP is categorematic and subcategorized animate or concrete and combines with a verb whose semantic structure is sufficiently rich to gurarantee its autonomy. The combination of a verb, which imposes few semantic constraints on its subject – or none – and a subject NP denoting a concrete or animate referent, tends to produce an ambiguous sentence, which may only be disambiguated by taking pragmatic factors into account
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Le rôle de la sémantique dans l'interprétation de aucun
'PERSEE Program', 1994Co-Authors: Heldner ChristinaAbstract:This study is concerned with the interpretation of French noun phrases containing an instance of the indefinite determiner AUCUN, which may be seen as Existential Quantifier in the scope of negation. Such noun phrases give rise to two distinct readings according as they appear in Existential or declarative sentences, particularly in the subject position. In Existential propositions an NP of the structure AUCUN N is used to asset the non existence of entities, substances, or sets of the category denoted by N relative to a specific location in time and space, as in Dans cette région, il n'y a aucune classe maternelle de plus de quatorze enfants. This reading of AUCUN N is being refused to as non referential. In a declarative sentence like Aucune maison n'a été épargnée, the negative Quantifier operates on a finite, specific subset of entities of the category N (i. e. maisons), the existence of which is presupposed. It is asserted that the action, process, or state denoted by the verb does not hold for any of the members of this subset. This reading is claimed to be referential. The question addressed here is that of identifying the factors which determine the interpretation of an actual utterance. In fact, ther exist no simple formal criteria for deciding whether a given utterance containing a noun phrase of this structure should be analysed as declarative rather than Existential, except where an explicit use of an impersonal construction such as il y a is involved. This problem must dearly be solved in order for a parser to work out valid inferences from this type of sentences. My approach is exclusively semantic, but an analysis along pragmatic lines may prove necessary in the end to account for certain cases. An analysis of the data obtained from a computer readable corpus yields the following results. A non referential reading is alone available for a subject NP of the type AUCUN N inpassivized sentences, if its head noun features the properties abstract and syncategorematic, and if it takes a verb which typically collocates with this noun (a "support" verb). Furthermore, there is a strong tendency for any subject NP containing AUCUN to be interpreted non referentially when combined with an intransitive Existential verb, although a referential reading is shown not to be entirely excluded. On the other hand, the referential reading obtains whenever the nominal head of the subject NP is categorematic and subcategorized animate or concrete and combines with a verb whose semantic structure is sufficiently rich to gurarantee its autonomy. The combination of a verb, which imposes few semantic constraints on its subject - or none - and a subject NP denoting a concrete or animate referent, tends to produce an ambiguous sentence, which may only be disambiguated by taking pragmatic factors into account.Les syntagmes nominaux déterminés par l'indéfini AUCUN - que l'on peut envisager comme un quantificateur existentiel intégré dans le champ de la négation - reçoivent deux interprétations distinctes, surtout en position de sujet, suivant qu'ils apparaissent dans un énoncé déclaratif ou existentiel. Une lecture non référentielle s'impose en proposition existentielle, où ces SN contribuent à asserter la non existence ou l'absence d'objets (ou de substances ou d'ensembles d'objets) de la catégorie désignées par le nom tête. L'énoncé Dans cette région, il n'y a aucune classe maternelle de plus de quatorze enfants en constitue un exemple caractéristique. Dans des énoncés déclaratifs, comme Aucune maison n'a été épargnée, ce quantificateur négatif opère sur un sous-ensemble fini et spécifique d'objets de la catégorie dénotée par la tête nominale (c'est-à- dire maisons). L'existence de ce sous-ensemble étant présupposée, cette lecture est qualifiée de référentielle. Le problème traité dans cet article est celui d'identifier les facteurs responsables de la sélection de l'une ou de l'autre lecture. En fait, il n'existe pas de critère formel simple permettant de décider si un énoncé donné doit s'analyser comme déclaratif ou existentiel, sauf quand celui- ci fait intervenir une construction impersonnelle comme il y a. L'approche adoptée ici consiste à explorer les possibilités d'une analyse purement sémantique cantonnée dans la phrase. Une éventuelle analyse pragmatique interviendra à un stade ultérieur pour rendre compte des cas demeurés ambigus au niveau phrastique. Un examen des données fournies par un corpus informatisé a donné les résultats suivants : Un SN déterminé par AUCUN et sujet d'un verbe passif accepte seulement la lecture non référentielle, lorsqu'il a un nom tête syncatégorématique marqué [abstrait] et qu'il s'accompagne d'un verbe support. Quant aux SN en AUCUN sujets d'un verbe existentiel, ils manifestent une forte tendance à recevoir une interprétation non référentielle. En revanche, la lecture référentielle s'impose dès que le nom tête du SN sujet est catégorématique et marqué [animé] ou [concret] et que la structure sémantique du verbe est suffisamment riche pour lui assurer une certaine autonomie. En combinant un verbe qui impose peu de contraintes sémantiques à son sujet - ou aucune - à un SN sujet dénotant un réfèrent concret ou animé, on obtiendra souvent une phase ambiguë, dont l'ambiguïté ne sera levée que par une prise en compte de facteurs discursifs ou pragmatiques.Heldner Christina. Le rôle de la sémantique dans l'interprétation de aucun. In: Linx, hors-série n°5, 1994. La négation. Actes du colloque de Paris X – Nanterre 12-13-14 Novembre 1992. pp. 255-278
Penka Stateva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cross linguistic variation in the meaning of Quantifiers implications for pragmatic enrichment
Frontiers in Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Penka Stateva, Arthur Stepanov, Viviane Deprez, Ludivine Dupuy, Anne ReboulAbstract:One of the most studied scales in the literature on scalar implicatures is the Quantifier scale. While the truth of some is entailed by the truth of all, some is felicitous only when all is false. This opens the possibility that some would be felicitous if, e.g., almost all of the objects in the restriction of the Quantifier have the property ascribed by the nuclear scope. This prediction from the standard theory of Quantifier interpretation clashes with native speakers’ intuitions. In Experiment 1 we report a questionnaire study on the perception of Quantifier meanings in English, French, Slovenian, and German which points to a cross-linguistic variation with respect to the perception of numerical bounds of the Existential Quantifier. In Experiment 2, using a picture choice task, we further examine whether the numerical bound differences correlate with differences in pragmatic interpretations of the Quantifier some in English and quelques in French and interpret the results as supporting our hypothesis that some and its cross-linguistic counterparts are subjected to different processes of pragmatic enrichment.
Panagiotis Manolios - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Quantifier elimination via clause redundancy
2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 2013Co-Authors: Eugene Goldberg, Panagiotis ManoliosAbstract:We consider the problem of Existential Quantifier elimination for Boolean formulas in conjunctive normal form. Recently we presented a new method for solving this problem based on the machinery of Dependency sequents (D-sequents). The essence of this method is to add to the quantified formula implied clauses until all the clauses with quantified variables become redundant. A D-sequent is a record of the fact that a set of quantified variables is redundant in some subspace. In this paper, we introduce a Quantifier elimination algorithm based on a new type of D-sequents called clause D-sequents that express redundancy of clauses rather than variables. Clause D-sequents significantly extend our ability to introduce and algorithmically exploit redundancy, as our experimental results show.
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Quantifier elimination by dependency sequents
Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 2012Co-Authors: Eugene Goldberg, Panagiotis ManoliosAbstract:We consider the problem of Existential Quantifier elimination for Boolean CNF formulas. We present a new method for solving this problem called Derivation of Dependency-Sequents (DDS). A Dependency-sequent (D-sequent) is used to record that a set of quantified variables is redundant under a partial assignment. We introduce the join operation that produces new D-sequents from existing ones. We show that DDS is compositional, i.e., if our input formula is a conjunction of independent formulas, DDS automatically recognizes and exploits this information. We introduce an algorithm based on DDS and present experimental results demonstrating its potential.
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Quantifier Elimination by Dependency Sequents
arXiv: Logic in Computer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Eugene Goldberg, Panagiotis ManoliosAbstract:We consider the problem of Existential Quantifier elimination for Boolean formulas in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). We present a new method for solving this problem called Derivation of Dependency-Sequents (DDS). A Dependency-sequent (D-sequent) is used to record that a set of quantified variables is redundant under a partial assignment. We introduce a resolution-like operation called join that produces a new D-sequent from two existing D-sequents. We also show that DDS is compositional, i.e. if our input formula is a conjunction of independent formulas, DDS automatically recognizes and exploits this information. We introduce an algorithm based on DDS and present experimental results demonstrating its potential.
Anne Reboul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cross linguistic variation in the meaning of Quantifiers implications for pragmatic enrichment
Frontiers in Psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Penka Stateva, Arthur Stepanov, Viviane Deprez, Ludivine Dupuy, Anne ReboulAbstract:One of the most studied scales in the literature on scalar implicatures is the Quantifier scale. While the truth of some is entailed by the truth of all, some is felicitous only when all is false. This opens the possibility that some would be felicitous if, e.g., almost all of the objects in the restriction of the Quantifier have the property ascribed by the nuclear scope. This prediction from the standard theory of Quantifier interpretation clashes with native speakers’ intuitions. In Experiment 1 we report a questionnaire study on the perception of Quantifier meanings in English, French, Slovenian, and German which points to a cross-linguistic variation with respect to the perception of numerical bounds of the Existential Quantifier. In Experiment 2, using a picture choice task, we further examine whether the numerical bound differences correlate with differences in pragmatic interpretations of the Quantifier some in English and quelques in French and interpret the results as supporting our hypothesis that some and its cross-linguistic counterparts are subjected to different processes of pragmatic enrichment.
Eugene Goldberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Quantifier elimination via clause redundancy
2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 2013Co-Authors: Eugene Goldberg, Panagiotis ManoliosAbstract:We consider the problem of Existential Quantifier elimination for Boolean formulas in conjunctive normal form. Recently we presented a new method for solving this problem based on the machinery of Dependency sequents (D-sequents). The essence of this method is to add to the quantified formula implied clauses until all the clauses with quantified variables become redundant. A D-sequent is a record of the fact that a set of quantified variables is redundant in some subspace. In this paper, we introduce a Quantifier elimination algorithm based on a new type of D-sequents called clause D-sequents that express redundancy of clauses rather than variables. Clause D-sequents significantly extend our ability to introduce and algorithmically exploit redundancy, as our experimental results show.
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Quantifier elimination by dependency sequents
Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 2012Co-Authors: Eugene Goldberg, Panagiotis ManoliosAbstract:We consider the problem of Existential Quantifier elimination for Boolean CNF formulas. We present a new method for solving this problem called Derivation of Dependency-Sequents (DDS). A Dependency-sequent (D-sequent) is used to record that a set of quantified variables is redundant under a partial assignment. We introduce the join operation that produces new D-sequents from existing ones. We show that DDS is compositional, i.e., if our input formula is a conjunction of independent formulas, DDS automatically recognizes and exploits this information. We introduce an algorithm based on DDS and present experimental results demonstrating its potential.
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Quantifier Elimination by Dependency Sequents
arXiv: Logic in Computer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Eugene Goldberg, Panagiotis ManoliosAbstract:We consider the problem of Existential Quantifier elimination for Boolean formulas in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF). We present a new method for solving this problem called Derivation of Dependency-Sequents (DDS). A Dependency-sequent (D-sequent) is used to record that a set of quantified variables is redundant under a partial assignment. We introduce a resolution-like operation called join that produces a new D-sequent from two existing D-sequents. We also show that DDS is compositional, i.e. if our input formula is a conjunction of independent formulas, DDS automatically recognizes and exploits this information. We introduce an algorithm based on DDS and present experimental results demonstrating its potential.