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Ronald W Hardy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Replacing fishmeal with blends of alternative proteins on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and early or late stage juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Aquaculture, 2012Co-Authors: Gary S Burr, William R Wolters, Frederic T Barrows, Ronald W HardyAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate blends of alternate proteins as replacements for fishmeal in Diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to use the results to develop and test alternate protein blends in Diets for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Nine Experimental Diets in which protein blends replaced 63%, 82% or 100% of fishmeal in the formulation (20, 10, and 0% fishmeal) were fed to rainbow trout (initial weight 19.5 g) for 12 weeks. Weight gains of trout fed Diets containing the soy protein concentrate-based blend and the fishmeal control diet were similar, except at the 100% fishmeal replacement level, and significantly higher than that of trout fed Diets containing the other blends. The soy protein blend and another based on wheat gluten meal were modified slightly and evaluated in early stage Atlantic salmon juveniles (initial weight 5.5 g). Protein blends replaced 50%, 66% or 84% of fishmeal (30, 20 or 10% fishmeal). Weight gains of early stage juvenile salmon after 18 weeks of feeding were significantly lower and feed conversion ratios higher when fed Diets containing either blend compared to the fishmeal control diet, and gains decreased as level of fishmeal replacement increased. Blends were then modified further and tested in advance stage salmon juveniles (initial weight 31.5 g). These blends were solely either all-plant protein-based or contained poultry by-product meal. Both blends were evaluated with or without addition of Spirulina algae meal. Alternate protein blends completely replaced fishmeal in Experimental Diets. After 12 weeks of feeding, no differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratios were measured among groups fed Experimental Diets containing protein blends or the fishmeal control diet. Replacement of fishmeal with alternative protein blends in Diets for early stage juvenile salmon is not recommended and the penalty in growth is severe. Fishmeal can be completely replaced in Diets for late stage salmon over 30 g without compromising fish performance or using land animal protein ingredients in feed formulations.
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growth parameters of wild and selected strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on two Experimental Diets
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: William R Wolters, Frederic T Barrows, Gary S Burr, Ronald W HardyAbstract:Abstract Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, parr from Penobscot (wild) and St. John River (selected) strains were cultured in 0.265 m3 tanks filled with 20–30 ppt salinity well water and connected to a common bio-filter system. Because state and federal regulations require the culture of North American salmon by producers in Maine and the fact that most salmon currently cultured in the northeastern US and Atlantic Canada are from the St. John strain, the St. John River strain was chosen for inclusion in this study and compared to a local wild strain from the Penobscot River. Salmon parr were stocked at approximately 5 kg/m3 (100 fish/tank) and fed one of two Experimental Diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 4 tanks for each treatment. Each strain was fed a diet formulated to represent either a traditional high protein (THP), lower energy salmon diet (46% protein, 18% fat) or a newer high energy diet (NHE) (40% protein, 32% fat). Fish were anesthetized, counted and weighed at approximately 2 week intervals during a 23 week trial. Significant effects of strain on initial weight, final weight, specific growth rate, % feed consumed per day, and thermal growth coefficient were found. St. John strain salmon weighed more at the end of the trial (117.2 ± 2.5 g) than Penobscot River salmon (71.2 ±2.5 g). There was a significant diet effect on final weight, specific growth rate, and thermal growth unit coefficient. There was no effect of strain, diet or interaction of these effects on feed conversion ratio. Diet had a significant effect on final weight of St. John River salmon (NHE 99.0 ± 2.0 and THP 89.4 ± 2.0 g), and no effect on the final weight of Penobscot strain salmon. Strain and diet also had significant effects on lipid composition and protein efficiency, while diet had a significant effect on protein retention. Strain differences accounted for 85.9% of the difference in final weight compared to 14.2% due to diet. Results indicate that St. John River salmon, which are commercially cultured and are being used in selective breeding programs, have superior growth rate compared to wild Penobscot River salmon.
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dietary arginine requirement of fingerling coho salmon oncorhynchus kisutch
Aquaculture, 1998Co-Authors: U Luzzana, Ronald W Hardy, John E HalverAbstract:Abstract An 8-week experiment was designed to re-evaluate the arginine requirement of fingerling coho salmon. Triplicate groups of fish were fed semipurified isonitrogenous (av. protein as g amino acids/100 g dry diet=45.2) and isolipidic (av. crude lipid 11.9% dry weight) Diets containing graded levels of arginine in a 6×2 factorial design with six arginine levels (expected values 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5% of the dietary protein) and two feeding rates (satiation and restricted). The apparent digestibility of arginine in the Experimental Diets was also evaluated. The growth rates of the fish fed the Experimental Diets was comparable to that of fish fed a practical control diet, indicating a more than acceptable overall performance of the Experimental Diets. When broken-line analysis was performed on the weight gain data against the actual arginine content of the Diets corrected by their apparent digestibility coefficients, a breakpoint was found at an arginine level of 4.9% of the dietary protein for the satiation-fed groups and of 5.5% for the restricted-fed groups. Results from the present study confirm that the arginine requirement of Pacific salmon is the highest among the values reported for other salmonid species studied to date.
Abdolreza Jahanbakhshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Growth yield, survival, carcass quality, haematological, biochemical parameters and innate immune responses in the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus Linneaus, 1758) fingerling induced by Immunogen® prebiotic
'Informa UK Limited', 2018Co-Authors: Paria Akbary, Abdolreza JahanbakhshiAbstract:The present study goals to shed lights on the effect of prebiotic Immunogen on growth performance, survival, carcass quality, haematological and biochemical factors as well as innate immune responses of the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.). Basal Diets as prebiotics at three concentrations were added to grey mullet: Treatment-1, 0.5 g kg−1; Treatrment-2, 1 g kg−1 and Treatment-3, 2 g kg−1. Number of 12 fiberglass tanks (60-L) with 3 replicates for the treatment group (n = 30 per tank with average initial weights 8.32 ± 0.39 g) and the control group was considered. After 60 days, grey mullet receiving the Experimental Diets showed a significantly better growth yield compared to those fed the control diet. Addition of prebiotic to Experimental Diets led to significant difference (p .05). At the end, humeral innate immune responses (Ig levels and lysozyme activity) were significantly higher in 2 g kg–1 immunogen-fed fish (p
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growth yield survival carcass quality haematological biochemical parameters and innate immune responses in the grey mullet mugil cephalus linneaus 1758 fingerling induced by immunogen prebiotic
Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2018Co-Authors: Paria Akbary, Abdolreza JahanbakhshiAbstract:The present study goals to shed lights on the effect of prebiotic Immunogen on growth performance, survival, carcass quality, haematological and biochemical factors as well as innate immune responses of the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.). Basal Diets as prebiotics at three concentrations were added to grey mullet: Treatment-1, 0.5 g kg−1; Treatrment-2, 1 g kg−1 and Treatment-3, 2 g kg−1. Number of 12 fiberglass tanks (60-L) with 3 replicates for the treatment group (n = 30 per tank with average initial weights 8.32 ± 0.39 g) and the control group was considered. After 60 days, grey mullet receiving the Experimental Diets showed a significantly better growth yield compared to those fed the control diet. Addition of prebiotic to Experimental Diets led to significant difference (p .05). At the end, humeral innate immune ...
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hematological and serum biochemical indices changes induced by replacing fish meal with plant protein sesame oil cake and corn gluten in the great sturgeon huso huso
Comparative Haematology International, 2013Co-Authors: Abdolreza Jahanbakhshi, Mohamad Reza Imanpoor, Vahid Taghizadeh, Ali ShabaniAbstract:This study was carried out on the possibility of replacing fish meal in fish Diets with two plant protein sources (sesame oil cake and corn gluten). Experimental Diets with 47.5 % of crude protein were prepared in four replacement levels of 0, 160, 320, and 480 g kg−1, respectively. Great sturgeons have been fed for 8 weeks. Experimental Diets showed a significant reduction (P 0.05). The results of the present study revealed that the maximum levels of fish meal replacement by corn gluten and sesame oil cake in Diets of Beluga (Huso huso) could be between 16 and 48 % of total protein sources of diet.
Sung Hwoan Cho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of substituting undaria pinnatifida in formulated feeds with sargassum horneri on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone haliotis discus reeve 1846
Journal of Applied Phycology, 2019Co-Authors: Most Waheda Rahman Ansary, Hae Seung Jeong, Ahyeong Yun, June Kim, Ki Wook Lee, Hee Sung Kim, Pil Youn Kim, Sung Hwoan Cho, Taeik KimAbstract:Dietary substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with Sargassum horneri on growth and chemical composition of juvenile abalone was investigated. A total of 1260 juvenile abalone were randomly distributed in 21, 100-L net cages (60 per cage). Six formulated Diets were prepared. Twenty percent U. pinnatifida powder was included in the control (SH0) diet. The U. pinnatifida component of the Experimental Diets was substituted with S. horneri at the rates of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%, referred to as the SH20, SH40, SH60, SH80, and SH100 Diets, respectively. Finally, dry U. pinnatifida was prepared to compare effect of the formulated diet on abalone. Abalone were fed with one of the Experimental Diets once a day for 16 weeks. Water stability of nutrient content in all formulated Diets was changed with time. Survival of abalone fed all formulated Diets was higher than that of abalone fed the U. pinnatifida. Abalone fed the SH0, SH20, SH40, SH60, and SH80 Diets achieved greater weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) than those of abalone fed the SH100 diet and U. pinnatifida. The greatest weight gain and SGR were obtained in abalone fed the SH60 diet. The proximate composition of the soft body of abalone, except for crude protein, was not affected by the Experimental Diets. In conclusion, U. pinnatifida up to 80% could be substituted with S. horneri when 20% U. pinnatifida was included in formulated abalone feed. The SH60 diet achieved the best growth performance of abalone.
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dietary inclusion effect of feed ingredients showing high feeding attractiveness to rockfish sebastes schlegeli hilgendorf 1880 on the growth performance feed utilization condition factor and whole body composition of fish ii
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2019Co-Authors: Hee Sung Kim, Sung Hwoan ChoAbstract:Abstract Dietary inclusion effect of feed ingredients showing high feeding attractiveness to rockfish on the growth, feed utilization, condition factor (CF) and whole body composition of fish was investigated. Three hundred sixty juvenile rockfish were randomly distributed into 18 50-L flow-through tanks (twenty fish per tank). Six Experimental Diets were prepared: the control (Con) diet containing 55% anchovy meal, and 5% anchovy meal in the Con diet was replaced with an equivalent amount of jack mackerel, sardine, Pollack, squid and shrimp meals, referred to as the JM, SM, PM, SQM and SHM Diets, respectively. Each diet was assigned in triplicate and hand-fed to satiation twice daily for 8 weeks. Weight gain (20.7 ± 0.03), amount of feed supply (20.1 ± 0.05) and CF (1.50 ± 0.002) of rockfish fed the JM diet were greater than those of fish fed all other Diets, followed by the SM (20.3 ± 0.04, 19.5 ± 0.08 and 1.48 ± 0.003), PM (19.9 ± 0.09, 19.2 ± 0.05 and 1.47 ± 0.003), SQM (19.5 ± 0.06, 18.8 ± 0.07 and 1.45 ± 0.002), SHM (19.0 ± 0.12, 18.3 ± 0.09 and 1.44 ± 0.001) and Con Diets (17.8 ± 0.07, 17.2 ± 0.05 and 1.43 ± 0.005). However, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention was not affected by the Experimental Diets. The proximate composition of the whole body of fish, except for ash content was not affected by the Experimental Diets. In conclusion, the greatest weight gain, amount of feed supply and CF of rockfish were obtained in the JM diet, followed by the SM, PM, SQM, SHM and Con Diets, in order.
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Inclusion effect of soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, and Saccharina japonica in extruded pellet for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846)
BMC, 2018Co-Authors: Ahyeong Yun, Hae Seung Jeong, June Kim, Ki Wook Lee, Hee Sung Kim, Pil Youn Kim, Sung Hwoan ChoAbstract:Abstract Inclusion effect of soybean meal (SBM) and fermented SBM (FSM) in extruded pellet for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus) was compared in abalone farm. Dietary inclusion effect of the combined macroalgae (MA) (Undaria pinnatifida and Hizikia fusiforme) and a single Saccharina japonica on abalone was also compared. Three thousand six hundred juvenile abalone were purchased from a private hatchery and acclimated to the Experimental conditions for 2 weeks. Six 5-ton flow-through raceway tanks were used, and abalone were randomly distributed into tanks (n = 600 per tank). Three Experimental Diets were prepared in duplicate. Fish meal, FSM, corn gluten meal, and shrimp meal and wheat flour and dextrin were used as the protein and carbohydrate sources, respectively, in the FSM diet. MA was also included in the FSM diet. FSM and MA in the FSM diet were substituted with SBM at the expense of wheat flour and S. japonica, referred to as the SBM and SJ Diets. The Experimental Diets were pelletized by an extruded pelleter. Water stability of nutrients in the Experimental Diets was monitored at 12, 24, and 48 h after seawater immersion. The Experimental Diets were fed to abalone once a day to satiation with a little leftover for 120 days. The retained crude protein and lipid and ash content of the extruded pellets were changed over all period of time. Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed the SBM diet were greater than those of abalone fed the FSM and SJ Diets. Weight gain and SGR of abalone fed the SJ diet were also greater than those of abalone fed the FSM diet. The longest shell length, widest shell width, highest shell height, and greatest soft body weight were obtained in abalone fed the SBM diet, followed by the SJ and FSM Diets. Proximates of the soft body of abalone were not different among the Experimental Diets. In conclusion, SBM was a superior protein source to FSM in extruded pellet for growth performance of abalone. Dietary inclusion of a single S. japonica was superior to the combined inclusion of U. pinnatifida and H. fusiforme in the production of abalone
Gary S Burr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Replacing fishmeal with blends of alternative proteins on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and early or late stage juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Aquaculture, 2012Co-Authors: Gary S Burr, William R Wolters, Frederic T Barrows, Ronald W HardyAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate blends of alternate proteins as replacements for fishmeal in Diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to use the results to develop and test alternate protein blends in Diets for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Nine Experimental Diets in which protein blends replaced 63%, 82% or 100% of fishmeal in the formulation (20, 10, and 0% fishmeal) were fed to rainbow trout (initial weight 19.5 g) for 12 weeks. Weight gains of trout fed Diets containing the soy protein concentrate-based blend and the fishmeal control diet were similar, except at the 100% fishmeal replacement level, and significantly higher than that of trout fed Diets containing the other blends. The soy protein blend and another based on wheat gluten meal were modified slightly and evaluated in early stage Atlantic salmon juveniles (initial weight 5.5 g). Protein blends replaced 50%, 66% or 84% of fishmeal (30, 20 or 10% fishmeal). Weight gains of early stage juvenile salmon after 18 weeks of feeding were significantly lower and feed conversion ratios higher when fed Diets containing either blend compared to the fishmeal control diet, and gains decreased as level of fishmeal replacement increased. Blends were then modified further and tested in advance stage salmon juveniles (initial weight 31.5 g). These blends were solely either all-plant protein-based or contained poultry by-product meal. Both blends were evaluated with or without addition of Spirulina algae meal. Alternate protein blends completely replaced fishmeal in Experimental Diets. After 12 weeks of feeding, no differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratios were measured among groups fed Experimental Diets containing protein blends or the fishmeal control diet. Replacement of fishmeal with alternative protein blends in Diets for early stage juvenile salmon is not recommended and the penalty in growth is severe. Fishmeal can be completely replaced in Diets for late stage salmon over 30 g without compromising fish performance or using land animal protein ingredients in feed formulations.
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growth parameters of wild and selected strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on two Experimental Diets
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: William R Wolters, Frederic T Barrows, Gary S Burr, Ronald W HardyAbstract:Abstract Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, parr from Penobscot (wild) and St. John River (selected) strains were cultured in 0.265 m3 tanks filled with 20–30 ppt salinity well water and connected to a common bio-filter system. Because state and federal regulations require the culture of North American salmon by producers in Maine and the fact that most salmon currently cultured in the northeastern US and Atlantic Canada are from the St. John strain, the St. John River strain was chosen for inclusion in this study and compared to a local wild strain from the Penobscot River. Salmon parr were stocked at approximately 5 kg/m3 (100 fish/tank) and fed one of two Experimental Diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 4 tanks for each treatment. Each strain was fed a diet formulated to represent either a traditional high protein (THP), lower energy salmon diet (46% protein, 18% fat) or a newer high energy diet (NHE) (40% protein, 32% fat). Fish were anesthetized, counted and weighed at approximately 2 week intervals during a 23 week trial. Significant effects of strain on initial weight, final weight, specific growth rate, % feed consumed per day, and thermal growth coefficient were found. St. John strain salmon weighed more at the end of the trial (117.2 ± 2.5 g) than Penobscot River salmon (71.2 ±2.5 g). There was a significant diet effect on final weight, specific growth rate, and thermal growth unit coefficient. There was no effect of strain, diet or interaction of these effects on feed conversion ratio. Diet had a significant effect on final weight of St. John River salmon (NHE 99.0 ± 2.0 and THP 89.4 ± 2.0 g), and no effect on the final weight of Penobscot strain salmon. Strain and diet also had significant effects on lipid composition and protein efficiency, while diet had a significant effect on protein retention. Strain differences accounted for 85.9% of the difference in final weight compared to 14.2% due to diet. Results indicate that St. John River salmon, which are commercially cultured and are being used in selective breeding programs, have superior growth rate compared to wild Penobscot River salmon.
William R Wolters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Replacing fishmeal with blends of alternative proteins on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and early or late stage juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Aquaculture, 2012Co-Authors: Gary S Burr, William R Wolters, Frederic T Barrows, Ronald W HardyAbstract:Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate blends of alternate proteins as replacements for fishmeal in Diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to use the results to develop and test alternate protein blends in Diets for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Nine Experimental Diets in which protein blends replaced 63%, 82% or 100% of fishmeal in the formulation (20, 10, and 0% fishmeal) were fed to rainbow trout (initial weight 19.5 g) for 12 weeks. Weight gains of trout fed Diets containing the soy protein concentrate-based blend and the fishmeal control diet were similar, except at the 100% fishmeal replacement level, and significantly higher than that of trout fed Diets containing the other blends. The soy protein blend and another based on wheat gluten meal were modified slightly and evaluated in early stage Atlantic salmon juveniles (initial weight 5.5 g). Protein blends replaced 50%, 66% or 84% of fishmeal (30, 20 or 10% fishmeal). Weight gains of early stage juvenile salmon after 18 weeks of feeding were significantly lower and feed conversion ratios higher when fed Diets containing either blend compared to the fishmeal control diet, and gains decreased as level of fishmeal replacement increased. Blends were then modified further and tested in advance stage salmon juveniles (initial weight 31.5 g). These blends were solely either all-plant protein-based or contained poultry by-product meal. Both blends were evaluated with or without addition of Spirulina algae meal. Alternate protein blends completely replaced fishmeal in Experimental Diets. After 12 weeks of feeding, no differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratios were measured among groups fed Experimental Diets containing protein blends or the fishmeal control diet. Replacement of fishmeal with alternative protein blends in Diets for early stage juvenile salmon is not recommended and the penalty in growth is severe. Fishmeal can be completely replaced in Diets for late stage salmon over 30 g without compromising fish performance or using land animal protein ingredients in feed formulations.
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growth parameters of wild and selected strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on two Experimental Diets
Aquaculture, 2009Co-Authors: William R Wolters, Frederic T Barrows, Gary S Burr, Ronald W HardyAbstract:Abstract Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, parr from Penobscot (wild) and St. John River (selected) strains were cultured in 0.265 m3 tanks filled with 20–30 ppt salinity well water and connected to a common bio-filter system. Because state and federal regulations require the culture of North American salmon by producers in Maine and the fact that most salmon currently cultured in the northeastern US and Atlantic Canada are from the St. John strain, the St. John River strain was chosen for inclusion in this study and compared to a local wild strain from the Penobscot River. Salmon parr were stocked at approximately 5 kg/m3 (100 fish/tank) and fed one of two Experimental Diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 4 tanks for each treatment. Each strain was fed a diet formulated to represent either a traditional high protein (THP), lower energy salmon diet (46% protein, 18% fat) or a newer high energy diet (NHE) (40% protein, 32% fat). Fish were anesthetized, counted and weighed at approximately 2 week intervals during a 23 week trial. Significant effects of strain on initial weight, final weight, specific growth rate, % feed consumed per day, and thermal growth coefficient were found. St. John strain salmon weighed more at the end of the trial (117.2 ± 2.5 g) than Penobscot River salmon (71.2 ±2.5 g). There was a significant diet effect on final weight, specific growth rate, and thermal growth unit coefficient. There was no effect of strain, diet or interaction of these effects on feed conversion ratio. Diet had a significant effect on final weight of St. John River salmon (NHE 99.0 ± 2.0 and THP 89.4 ± 2.0 g), and no effect on the final weight of Penobscot strain salmon. Strain and diet also had significant effects on lipid composition and protein efficiency, while diet had a significant effect on protein retention. Strain differences accounted for 85.9% of the difference in final weight compared to 14.2% due to diet. Results indicate that St. John River salmon, which are commercially cultured and are being used in selective breeding programs, have superior growth rate compared to wild Penobscot River salmon.
