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Massimo Stafoggia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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african dust outbreaks over the mediterranean basin during 2001 2011 pm 10 concentrations phenomenology and trends and its relation with synoptic and mesoscale meteorology
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013Co-Authors: Jorge Pey, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Francesco Forastiere, Massimo StafoggiaAbstract:Abstract. The occurrence of African dust outbreaks over the whole Mediterranean Basin has been studied on an 11-yr period (2001–2011). In order to evaluate the impact of such mineral dust outbreaks on ambient concentrations of particulate matter, PM10 data from regional and suburban background sites across the Mediterranean area were compiled. After identifying the daily influence of African dust, a methodology for the estimation of the natural dust contributions on daily PM10 concentrations was applied. Our findings point out that African dust outbreaks are sensibly more frequent in southern sites across the Mediterranean, from 30 to 37% of the annual days, whereas they occur less than 20% of the annual days in northern sites. The central Mediterranean emerges as a transitional area, with slightly higher frequency of dust episodes in its lower extreme when compared to similar latitudinal positions in western and eastern sides of the Basin. A decreasing south to north gradient of African dust contribution to PM10, driven by the latitudinal position of the monitoring sites at least 25° E westwards across the Basin, is patent across the Mediterranean. As a result of this, an Experimental Equation for the estimation of annual African dust contributions based on the latitudinal position was obtained. From 25° E eastwards, higher annual dust contributions are encountered due to the elevated annual occurrence of severe episodes of dust but also because of inputs from Negev and Middle Eastern deserts. The slightly higher frequency of African dust episodes observed over southern sites in the central Mediterranean Basin is compensated by its moderately lower intensity. Concerning seasonality patterns and intensity characteristics, a clear summer prevalence is observed in the western part, with low occurrence of severe episodes (daily dust averages over 100 μg m−3 in PM10); no seasonal trend is detected in the central region, with moderate-intensity episodes; and significantly higher contributions are common in autumn-spring in the eastern side, with occurrence of various severe episodes throughout the year. Overall, African dust emerges as the largest PM10 source in regional background southern sites of the Mediterranean (35–50% of PM10), with seasonal peak contributions to PM10 up to 80% of the total mass. The multi-year study of African dust episodes and their contributions to PM10 concentrations reveals a consistent decreasing trend in the period 2006/2007 to 2011 in 4 of the 17 studied regions, all of them located in the NW of the Mediterranean. Such decrease is almost parallel to that of the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) index for the summer period, progressively more negative since 2006. Therefore, a sharp change in the atmospheric circulation over the last 5 yr (a similar negative NAO period occurred in the 1950 decade) have affected the number of African dust episodes and consequently the annual dust inputs to PM10 observed in the NW part of the Mediterranean. By investigating mean temperatures and geopotential height maps at 850 hPa it is evident a displacement of warm air masses accomplishing African dust towards the central Mediterranean in the 2007–2008 biennium, and towards the NW African coast and the Canary Islands in the 2009–2011 triennium.
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african dust outbreaks over the mediterranean basin during 2001 2011 pm10 concentrations phenomenology and trends and its relation with synoptic and mesoscale meteorology
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012Co-Authors: Jorge Pey, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Francesco Forastiere, Massimo StafoggiaAbstract:Abstract. The occurrence of African dust outbreaks over the whole Mediterranean Basin has been studied on an 11-yr period (2001–2011). In order to evaluate the impact of such mineral dust outbreaks on ambient concentrations of particulate matter, PM 10 data from regional and suburban background sites across the Mediterranean area were compiled. After identifying the daily influence of African dust, a methodology for the estimation of the natural dust contributions on daily PM 10 concentrations was applied. Our findings point out that African dust outbreaks are sensibly more frequent in southern sites across the Mediterranean, from 30 to 37% of the annual days, whereas they occur less than 20% of the annual days in northern sites. The central Mediterranean emerges as a transitional area, with slightly higher frequency of dust episodes in its lower extreme when compared to similar latitudinal positions in western and eastern sides of the Basin. A decreasing south to north gradient of African dust contribution to PM 10 , driven by the latitudinal position of the monitoring sites at least 25° E westwards across the Basin, is patent across the Mediterranean. As a result of this, an Experimental Equation for the estimation of annual African dust contributions based on the latitudinal position was obtained. From 25° E eastwards, higher annual dust contributions are encountered due to the elevated annual occurrence of severe episodes of dust but also because of inputs from Negev and Middle Eastern deserts. The slightly higher frequency of African dust episodes observed over southern sites in the central Mediterranean Basin is compensated by its moderately lower intensity. Concerning seasonality patterns and intensity characteristics, a clear summer prevalence is observed in the western part, with low occurrence of severe episodes (daily dust averages over 100 μg m −3 in PM 10 ); no seasonal trend is detected in the central region, with moderate-intensity episodes; and significantly higher contributions are common in autumn-spring in the eastern side, with occurrence of various severe episodes throughout the year. Overall, African dust emerges as the largest PM 10 source in regional background southern sites of the Mediterranean (35–50% of PM 10 ), with seasonal peak contributions to PM 10 up to 80% of the total mass. The multi-year study of African dust episodes and their contributions to PM 10 concentrations reveals a consistent decreasing trend in the period 2006/2007 to 2011 in 4 of the 17 studied regions, all of them located in the NW of the Mediterranean. Such decrease is almost parallel to that of the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) index for the summer period, progressively more negative since 2006. Therefore, a sharp change in the atmospheric circulation over the last 5 yr (a similar negative NAO period occurred in the 1950 decade) have affected the number of African dust episodes and consequently the annual dust inputs to PM 10 observed in the NW part of the Mediterranean. By investigating mean temperatures and geopotential height maps at 850 hPa it is evident a displacement of warm air masses accomplishing African dust towards the central Mediterranean in the 2007–2008 biennium, and towards the NW African coast and the Canary Islands in the 2009–2011 triennium.
Davood Toghraie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental investigation for developing a new model for the dynamic viscosity of silver ethylene glycol nanofluid at different temperatures and solid volume fractions
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2018Co-Authors: Ali Deris Zadeh, Davood ToghraieAbstract:This Experimental study addressed developing a new model for the dynamic viscosity of silver/ethylene glycol nanofluid within the temperature range of 25–55 °C for samples with volume fractions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, and 2%. In this experiment, the nanofluid was exposed to ultrasound waves for various durations to study the effect of this parameter on dynamic viscosity of the fluid. Dynamics viscosity of nanofluid is measured using the DV-I PRIME Brookfield digital viscometer which has a double-wall cylindrical container. According the results, dynamic viscosity increases with increasing the volume fraction. On the other hand, dynamic viscosity of the fluid decreases with increasing temperature. Relative viscosity of the nanofluid increased approximately by 88.46, 90.44, 83.25, and 82.06% by increasing the volume fraction from 0.25 to 2% at 40, 45, 50, and 55 °C, respectively. Due to the lack of a precise and appropriate Equation for the prediction of dynamics viscosity of silver/ethylene glycol nanofluid, an Equation was provided based on the measurement results, which was a function of volume fraction and temperature. Investigations showed that maximum value for the margin of deviation for the proposed Equation was equal to 8%, which is acceptable for an Experimental Equation.
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Experimental investigation for developing a new model for the thermal conductivity of silica water ethylene glycol 40 60 nanofluid at different temperatures and solid volume fractions
Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017Co-Authors: Masihollah Ahmadi Esfahani, Davood ToghraieAbstract:Abstract In this study, thermal conductivity of Silica and Water-Ethylene glycol as the base nanofluid, was measured within the temperature range of 25–50 °C for samples with volume fractions of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 5%. According to our measurements, thermal conductivity increased with increasing temperature and volume fraction. In comparison, volume fraction showed a greater incremental effect on thermal conductivity. Measurements showed that the highest thermal conductivity (45.5%) occurred in the volume fraction of 5% at 50 °C. Due to the lack of a precise and appropriate Equation for the prediction of thermal conductivity of Silica/Water-Ethylene glycol nanofluid, an Equation was provided based on the measurement results, which was a function of volume fraction and temperature. Investigations showed that maximum value for the margin of deviation for the proposed Equation was equal to 2.2%, which is acceptable for an Experimental Equation.
Gianluca Ferri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental Equation of state in pp and p p collisions and phase transition to quark gluon plasma
Physics Letters B, 2011Co-Authors: R Campanini, Gianluca FerriAbstract:Abstract We deduce approximate Equations of state from Experimental measurements in pp and p p ¯ collisions. Thermodynamic quantities are estimated combining the measure of average transverse momentum 〈 p T 〉 vs pseudorapidity density d N ch d η with the estimation of the interaction region size from measures of Bose Einstein correlation, or from a theoretical model which relates d N ch d η to the impact parameter. The results are very similar to theory predictions in case of crossover from hadron gas to quark gluon plasma. According to our analysis, the possible crossover should start at d N ch d η ≃ 6 and end at d N ch d η ≃ 24 .
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Experimental Equation of state in pp and p p collisions and phase transition to quark gluon plasma
Physics Letters B, 2011Co-Authors: R Campanini, Gianluca FerriAbstract:Abstract We deduce approximate Equations of state from Experimental measurements in pp and p p ¯ collisions. Thermodynamic quantities are estimated combining the measure of average transverse momentum 〈 p T 〉 vs pseudorapidity density d N ch d η with the estimation of the interaction region size from measures of Bose Einstein correlation, or from a theoretical model which relates d N ch d η to the impact parameter. The results are very similar to theory predictions in case of crossover from hadron gas to quark gluon plasma. According to our analysis, the possible crossover should start at d N ch d η ≃ 6 and end at d N ch d η ≃ 24 .
Jorge Pey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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african dust outbreaks over the mediterranean basin during 2001 2011 pm 10 concentrations phenomenology and trends and its relation with synoptic and mesoscale meteorology
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2013Co-Authors: Jorge Pey, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Francesco Forastiere, Massimo StafoggiaAbstract:Abstract. The occurrence of African dust outbreaks over the whole Mediterranean Basin has been studied on an 11-yr period (2001–2011). In order to evaluate the impact of such mineral dust outbreaks on ambient concentrations of particulate matter, PM10 data from regional and suburban background sites across the Mediterranean area were compiled. After identifying the daily influence of African dust, a methodology for the estimation of the natural dust contributions on daily PM10 concentrations was applied. Our findings point out that African dust outbreaks are sensibly more frequent in southern sites across the Mediterranean, from 30 to 37% of the annual days, whereas they occur less than 20% of the annual days in northern sites. The central Mediterranean emerges as a transitional area, with slightly higher frequency of dust episodes in its lower extreme when compared to similar latitudinal positions in western and eastern sides of the Basin. A decreasing south to north gradient of African dust contribution to PM10, driven by the latitudinal position of the monitoring sites at least 25° E westwards across the Basin, is patent across the Mediterranean. As a result of this, an Experimental Equation for the estimation of annual African dust contributions based on the latitudinal position was obtained. From 25° E eastwards, higher annual dust contributions are encountered due to the elevated annual occurrence of severe episodes of dust but also because of inputs from Negev and Middle Eastern deserts. The slightly higher frequency of African dust episodes observed over southern sites in the central Mediterranean Basin is compensated by its moderately lower intensity. Concerning seasonality patterns and intensity characteristics, a clear summer prevalence is observed in the western part, with low occurrence of severe episodes (daily dust averages over 100 μg m−3 in PM10); no seasonal trend is detected in the central region, with moderate-intensity episodes; and significantly higher contributions are common in autumn-spring in the eastern side, with occurrence of various severe episodes throughout the year. Overall, African dust emerges as the largest PM10 source in regional background southern sites of the Mediterranean (35–50% of PM10), with seasonal peak contributions to PM10 up to 80% of the total mass. The multi-year study of African dust episodes and their contributions to PM10 concentrations reveals a consistent decreasing trend in the period 2006/2007 to 2011 in 4 of the 17 studied regions, all of them located in the NW of the Mediterranean. Such decrease is almost parallel to that of the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) index for the summer period, progressively more negative since 2006. Therefore, a sharp change in the atmospheric circulation over the last 5 yr (a similar negative NAO period occurred in the 1950 decade) have affected the number of African dust episodes and consequently the annual dust inputs to PM10 observed in the NW part of the Mediterranean. By investigating mean temperatures and geopotential height maps at 850 hPa it is evident a displacement of warm air masses accomplishing African dust towards the central Mediterranean in the 2007–2008 biennium, and towards the NW African coast and the Canary Islands in the 2009–2011 triennium.
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african dust outbreaks over the mediterranean basin during 2001 2011 pm10 concentrations phenomenology and trends and its relation with synoptic and mesoscale meteorology
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012Co-Authors: Jorge Pey, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Francesco Forastiere, Massimo StafoggiaAbstract:Abstract. The occurrence of African dust outbreaks over the whole Mediterranean Basin has been studied on an 11-yr period (2001–2011). In order to evaluate the impact of such mineral dust outbreaks on ambient concentrations of particulate matter, PM 10 data from regional and suburban background sites across the Mediterranean area were compiled. After identifying the daily influence of African dust, a methodology for the estimation of the natural dust contributions on daily PM 10 concentrations was applied. Our findings point out that African dust outbreaks are sensibly more frequent in southern sites across the Mediterranean, from 30 to 37% of the annual days, whereas they occur less than 20% of the annual days in northern sites. The central Mediterranean emerges as a transitional area, with slightly higher frequency of dust episodes in its lower extreme when compared to similar latitudinal positions in western and eastern sides of the Basin. A decreasing south to north gradient of African dust contribution to PM 10 , driven by the latitudinal position of the monitoring sites at least 25° E westwards across the Basin, is patent across the Mediterranean. As a result of this, an Experimental Equation for the estimation of annual African dust contributions based on the latitudinal position was obtained. From 25° E eastwards, higher annual dust contributions are encountered due to the elevated annual occurrence of severe episodes of dust but also because of inputs from Negev and Middle Eastern deserts. The slightly higher frequency of African dust episodes observed over southern sites in the central Mediterranean Basin is compensated by its moderately lower intensity. Concerning seasonality patterns and intensity characteristics, a clear summer prevalence is observed in the western part, with low occurrence of severe episodes (daily dust averages over 100 μg m −3 in PM 10 ); no seasonal trend is detected in the central region, with moderate-intensity episodes; and significantly higher contributions are common in autumn-spring in the eastern side, with occurrence of various severe episodes throughout the year. Overall, African dust emerges as the largest PM 10 source in regional background southern sites of the Mediterranean (35–50% of PM 10 ), with seasonal peak contributions to PM 10 up to 80% of the total mass. The multi-year study of African dust episodes and their contributions to PM 10 concentrations reveals a consistent decreasing trend in the period 2006/2007 to 2011 in 4 of the 17 studied regions, all of them located in the NW of the Mediterranean. Such decrease is almost parallel to that of the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) index for the summer period, progressively more negative since 2006. Therefore, a sharp change in the atmospheric circulation over the last 5 yr (a similar negative NAO period occurred in the 1950 decade) have affected the number of African dust episodes and consequently the annual dust inputs to PM 10 observed in the NW part of the Mediterranean. By investigating mean temperatures and geopotential height maps at 850 hPa it is evident a displacement of warm air masses accomplishing African dust towards the central Mediterranean in the 2007–2008 biennium, and towards the NW African coast and the Canary Islands in the 2009–2011 triennium.
R Campanini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental Equation of state in pp and p p collisions and phase transition to quark gluon plasma
Physics Letters B, 2011Co-Authors: R Campanini, Gianluca FerriAbstract:Abstract We deduce approximate Equations of state from Experimental measurements in pp and p p ¯ collisions. Thermodynamic quantities are estimated combining the measure of average transverse momentum 〈 p T 〉 vs pseudorapidity density d N ch d η with the estimation of the interaction region size from measures of Bose Einstein correlation, or from a theoretical model which relates d N ch d η to the impact parameter. The results are very similar to theory predictions in case of crossover from hadron gas to quark gluon plasma. According to our analysis, the possible crossover should start at d N ch d η ≃ 6 and end at d N ch d η ≃ 24 .
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Experimental Equation of state in pp and p p collisions and phase transition to quark gluon plasma
Physics Letters B, 2011Co-Authors: R Campanini, Gianluca FerriAbstract:Abstract We deduce approximate Equations of state from Experimental measurements in pp and p p ¯ collisions. Thermodynamic quantities are estimated combining the measure of average transverse momentum 〈 p T 〉 vs pseudorapidity density d N ch d η with the estimation of the interaction region size from measures of Bose Einstein correlation, or from a theoretical model which relates d N ch d η to the impact parameter. The results are very similar to theory predictions in case of crossover from hadron gas to quark gluon plasma. According to our analysis, the possible crossover should start at d N ch d η ≃ 6 and end at d N ch d η ≃ 24 .
