The Experts below are selected from a list of 222 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Edna M Price - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evidence that reversed glutamate uptake contributes significantly to glutamate release following Experimental Injury to the rat spinal cord.
Brain research, 2000Co-Authors: David J. Mcadoo, Gregory Robak, Michael G. Hughes, Edna M PriceAbstract:Released excitatory amino acids contribute significantly to secondary damage following spinal cord Injury. Reversal of normal transport due to cell membrane depolarization may contribute to this release. We tested this by administering dihydrokainic acid (DHK), a non-transported glutamate uptake blocker, into the rat spinal cord by microdialysis in association with contusion spinal cord Injury. Glutamate release in response to Injury was reduced by 34% (P
Andrea Nistri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deconstructing locomotor networks with Experimental Injury to define their membership.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Andrea Nistri, Giuliano Taccola, Miranda Mladinic, Gayane Margaryan, Anujaianthi KuzhandaivelAbstract:Although spinal Injury is a major cause of chronic disability, the mechanisms responsible for the lesion pathophysiology and their dynamic evolution remain poorly understood. Hence, current treatments aimed at blocking damage extension are unsatisfactory. To unravel the acute spinal Injury processes, we have developed a model of the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro subjected to kainate-evoked excitotoxicity or metabolic perturbation (hypoxia, aglycemia, and free oxygen radicals) or their combination. The study outcome is fictive locomotion one day after the lesion and its relation to histological damage. Excitotoxicity always suppresses locomotor network activity and produces large gray matter damage, while network bursting persists supported by average survival of nearly half premotoneurons and motoneurons. Conversely, metabolic perturbation simply depresses locomotor network activity as damage mainly concerns white rather than gray matter. Coapplication of kainate and metabolic perturbation completely eliminates locomotor network activity. These results indicate distinct cellular targets for excitotoxic versus dysmetabolic damage with differential consequences on locomotor pattern formation. Furthermore, these data enable to estimate the minimal network membership compatible with expression of locomotor activity.
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Neuroprotection of locomotor networks after Experimental Injury to the neonatal rat spinal cord in vitro.
Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: G. Margaryan, Miranda Mladinic, Chiara Mattioli, Andrea NistriAbstract:Treatment to block the pathophysiological processes triggered by acute spinal Injury remains unsatisfactory as the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Using as a model the in vitro spinal cord of the neonatal rat, we investigated the feasibility of neuroprotection of lumbar locomotor networks by the glutamate antagonists 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (CNQX) and aminophosphonovalerate (APV) against acute lesions induced by either a toxic solution (pathological medium (PM) to mimic the spinal Injury hypoxic-dysmetabolic perturbation) or excitotoxicity with kainate. The study outcome was presence of fictive locomotion 24 h after the insult and its correlation with network histology. Inhibition of fictive locomotion by PM was contrasted by simultaneous and even delayed (1 h later) co-application of CNQX and APV with increased survival of ventral horn premotoneurons and lateral column white matter. Neither CNQX nor APV alone provided neuroprotection. Kainate-mediated excitotoxicity always led to loss of fictive locomotion and extensive neuronal damage. CNQX and APV co-applied with kainate protected one-third of preparations with improved motoneuron and dorsal horn neuronal counts, although they failed with delayed application. Our data suggest that locomotor network neuroprotection was possible when introduced very early during the pathological process of spinal Injury, but also showed how the borderline between presence or loss of locomotor activity was a very narrow one that depended on the survival of a certain number of neurons or white matter elements. The present report provides a model not only for preclinical testing of novel neuroprotective agents, but also for estimating the minimal network membership compatible with functional locomotor output.
Jeff R. Crandall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the tolerance of the human body to automobile collision impact a systematic review of Injury biomechanics research 1990 2009
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Jason Forman, Sonia Duprey, Dipan Bose, Eduardo Del Pozo De Dios, Damien Subit, Tim Gillispie, Jeff R. Crandall, Francisco J Lopezvaldes, Maria SeguigomezAbstract:Road traffic injuries account for 1.3 million deaths per year world-wide. Mitigating both fatalities and injuries requires a detailed understanding of the tolerance of the human body to external load. To identify research priorities, it is necessary to periodically compare trends in Injury tolerance research to the characteristics of injuries occurring in the field. This study sought to perform a systematic review on the last twenty years of Experimental Injury tolerance research, and to evaluate those results relative to available epidemiologic data. Four hundred and eight Experimental Injury tolerance studies from 1990-2009 were identified from a reference index of over 68,000 papers. Examined variables included the body regions, ages, and genders studied; and the Experimental models used. Most (20%) of the publications studied Injury to the spine. There has also been a substantial volume of biomechanical research focused on upper and lower extremity Injury, thoracic Injury, and Injury to the elderly - although these Injury types still occur with regularity in the field. In contrast, information on pediatric Injury and physiological Injury (especially in the central nervous system) remains lacking. Given their frequency of Injury in the field, future efforts should also include improving our understanding of tolerances and protection of vulnerable road users (e.g., motorcyclists, pedestrians).
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The tolerance of the human body to automobile collision impact – a systematic review of Injury biomechanics research, 1990–2009
Accident; analysis and prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Jason Forman, Francisco J. Lopez-valdes, Sonia Duprey, Dipan Bose, Eduardo Del Pozo De Dios, Damien Subit, Tim Gillispie, Jeff R. Crandall, Maria Segui-gomezAbstract:Road traffic injuries account for 1.3 million deaths per year world-wide. Mitigating both fatalities and injuries requires a detailed understanding of the tolerance of the human body to external load. To identify research priorities, it is necessary to periodically compare trends in Injury tolerance research to the characteristics of injuries occurring in the field. This study sought to perform a systematic review on the last twenty years of Experimental Injury tolerance research, and to evaluate those results relative to available epidemiologic data. Four hundred and eight Experimental Injury tolerance studies from 1990-2009 were identified from a reference index of over 68,000 papers. Examined variables included the body regions, ages, and genders studied; and the Experimental models used. Most (20%) of the publications studied Injury to the spine. There has also been a substantial volume of biomechanical research focused on upper and lower extremity Injury, thoracic Injury, and Injury to the elderly - although these Injury types still occur with regularity in the field. In contrast, information on pediatric Injury and physiological Injury (especially in the central nervous system) remains lacking. Given their frequency of Injury in the field, future efforts should also include improving our understanding of tolerances and protection of vulnerable road users (e.g., motorcyclists, pedestrians).
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The tolerance of the human body to automobile collision impact - a systematic review of Injury biomechanics research
Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Jason Forman, Francisco J. Lopez-valdes, Sonia Duprey, Dipan Bose, Eduardo Del Pozo De Dios, Damien Subit, Tim Gillispie, Jeff R. CrandallAbstract:Road traffic injuries account for 1.3 million deaths per year world-wide. Mitigating both fatalities and injuries requires a detailed understanding of the tolerance of the human body to external load. To identify research priorities, it is necessary to periodically compare trends in Injury tolerance research to the characteristics of injuries occurring in the field. This study sought to perform a systematic review on the last twenty years of Experimental Injury tolerance research, and to evaluate those results relative to available epidemiologic data. Four hundred and eight Experimental Injury tolerance studies from 1990-2009 were identified from a reference index of over 68,000 papers. Examined variables included the body regions, ages, and genders studied; and the Experimental models used. Most (20%) of the publications studied Injury to the spine. There has also been a substantial volume of biomechanical research focused on upper and lower extremity Injury, thoracic Injury, and Injury to the elderly - although these Injury types still occur with regularity in the field. In contrast, information on pediatric Injury and physiological Injury (especially in the central nervous system) remains lacking. Given their frequency of Injury in the field, future efforts should also include improving our understanding of tolerances and protection of vulnerable road users (e.g., motorcyclists, pedestrians).
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Reinterpreting the neck Injury index (NII) using Experimental cadaveric tests
2008Co-Authors: Cameron Dale Bass, Jeff R. Crandall, Robert S. Salzar, Karin A. Rafaels, Andrew M. Damon, Scott R. LucasAbstract:The neck Injury index, NII, was developed in ISO 13232-5 (2005) as a testing and evaluation procedure for assessing the risk of Injury to the AO/C1/C2 region of the cervical spine in motorcycle riders. A recent series of 36 head/neck component tests was used to examine the risk of neck Injury in frontal impacts and to assess the predictive capability of NII for impacts of various orientations. Neck injuries produced in the testing ranged from AIS 1 to AIS 5. Using force and moment load cell cadaver Experimental data, Injury risk was assessed using NII evaluated with the ISO 13232-5 algorithms. The Injury risk predictions are compared with the Injury outcomes from the head/neck cadaver. The average predicted risk of injuries for the Experimental Injury tests based on NII at the corresponding MAIS level observed in testing was 0.7% though there were 11 AIS 3+ injuries in the testing. Using the Experimental Injury outcomes and the Experimental force and moment time histories, the normalizing coefficients from NII are reevaluated to minimize the difference between NII risk assessment and the Experimental Injury outcome in the L2 basis. This reanalysis is compared with existing human and cadaver neck Injury criteria. Limitations of this study are primarily the limitations of the source data including lack of dynamic muscle response, anthropometric and age differences between Experimental and epidemiological populations, and limitations on the principal direction of impact, generally flexion/compression and flexion/tension. Further, the injuries seen in the source data include both upper neck (OC-C2) and lower neck (C3-T1) injuries; the NII Injury criterion is intended to assess the potential for upper neck injuries. For the covering abstract see ITRD E144229.
Jason Forman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the tolerance of the human body to automobile collision impact a systematic review of Injury biomechanics research 1990 2009
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Jason Forman, Sonia Duprey, Dipan Bose, Eduardo Del Pozo De Dios, Damien Subit, Tim Gillispie, Jeff R. Crandall, Francisco J Lopezvaldes, Maria SeguigomezAbstract:Road traffic injuries account for 1.3 million deaths per year world-wide. Mitigating both fatalities and injuries requires a detailed understanding of the tolerance of the human body to external load. To identify research priorities, it is necessary to periodically compare trends in Injury tolerance research to the characteristics of injuries occurring in the field. This study sought to perform a systematic review on the last twenty years of Experimental Injury tolerance research, and to evaluate those results relative to available epidemiologic data. Four hundred and eight Experimental Injury tolerance studies from 1990-2009 were identified from a reference index of over 68,000 papers. Examined variables included the body regions, ages, and genders studied; and the Experimental models used. Most (20%) of the publications studied Injury to the spine. There has also been a substantial volume of biomechanical research focused on upper and lower extremity Injury, thoracic Injury, and Injury to the elderly - although these Injury types still occur with regularity in the field. In contrast, information on pediatric Injury and physiological Injury (especially in the central nervous system) remains lacking. Given their frequency of Injury in the field, future efforts should also include improving our understanding of tolerances and protection of vulnerable road users (e.g., motorcyclists, pedestrians).
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The tolerance of the human body to automobile collision impact – a systematic review of Injury biomechanics research, 1990–2009
Accident; analysis and prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Jason Forman, Francisco J. Lopez-valdes, Sonia Duprey, Dipan Bose, Eduardo Del Pozo De Dios, Damien Subit, Tim Gillispie, Jeff R. Crandall, Maria Segui-gomezAbstract:Road traffic injuries account for 1.3 million deaths per year world-wide. Mitigating both fatalities and injuries requires a detailed understanding of the tolerance of the human body to external load. To identify research priorities, it is necessary to periodically compare trends in Injury tolerance research to the characteristics of injuries occurring in the field. This study sought to perform a systematic review on the last twenty years of Experimental Injury tolerance research, and to evaluate those results relative to available epidemiologic data. Four hundred and eight Experimental Injury tolerance studies from 1990-2009 were identified from a reference index of over 68,000 papers. Examined variables included the body regions, ages, and genders studied; and the Experimental models used. Most (20%) of the publications studied Injury to the spine. There has also been a substantial volume of biomechanical research focused on upper and lower extremity Injury, thoracic Injury, and Injury to the elderly - although these Injury types still occur with regularity in the field. In contrast, information on pediatric Injury and physiological Injury (especially in the central nervous system) remains lacking. Given their frequency of Injury in the field, future efforts should also include improving our understanding of tolerances and protection of vulnerable road users (e.g., motorcyclists, pedestrians).
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The tolerance of the human body to automobile collision impact - a systematic review of Injury biomechanics research
Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Jason Forman, Francisco J. Lopez-valdes, Sonia Duprey, Dipan Bose, Eduardo Del Pozo De Dios, Damien Subit, Tim Gillispie, Jeff R. CrandallAbstract:Road traffic injuries account for 1.3 million deaths per year world-wide. Mitigating both fatalities and injuries requires a detailed understanding of the tolerance of the human body to external load. To identify research priorities, it is necessary to periodically compare trends in Injury tolerance research to the characteristics of injuries occurring in the field. This study sought to perform a systematic review on the last twenty years of Experimental Injury tolerance research, and to evaluate those results relative to available epidemiologic data. Four hundred and eight Experimental Injury tolerance studies from 1990-2009 were identified from a reference index of over 68,000 papers. Examined variables included the body regions, ages, and genders studied; and the Experimental models used. Most (20%) of the publications studied Injury to the spine. There has also been a substantial volume of biomechanical research focused on upper and lower extremity Injury, thoracic Injury, and Injury to the elderly - although these Injury types still occur with regularity in the field. In contrast, information on pediatric Injury and physiological Injury (especially in the central nervous system) remains lacking. Given their frequency of Injury in the field, future efforts should also include improving our understanding of tolerances and protection of vulnerable road users (e.g., motorcyclists, pedestrians).
David J. Mcadoo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evidence that reversed glutamate uptake contributes significantly to glutamate release following Experimental Injury to the rat spinal cord.
Brain research, 2000Co-Authors: David J. Mcadoo, Gregory Robak, Michael G. Hughes, Edna M PriceAbstract:Released excitatory amino acids contribute significantly to secondary damage following spinal cord Injury. Reversal of normal transport due to cell membrane depolarization may contribute to this release. We tested this by administering dihydrokainic acid (DHK), a non-transported glutamate uptake blocker, into the rat spinal cord by microdialysis in association with contusion spinal cord Injury. Glutamate release in response to Injury was reduced by 34% (P
