The Experts below are selected from a list of 23124 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Vernon Van Heerden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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matching positive end expiratory pressure to intra abdominal pressure prevents end expiratory lung volume decline in a Pig model of intra abdominal hypertension
Critical Care Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Adrian Regli, Jakob Chakera, Bart L De Keulenaer, Brigit Roberts, Bill Noffsinger, Bhajan Singh, Peter Vernon Van HeerdenAbstract:OBJECTIVE Intra-abdominal hypertension is common in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In a previous Experimental study, positive end-expiratory pressures of up to 15 cm H2O did not prevent end-expiratory lung volume decline caused by intra-abdominal hypertension. Therefore, we examined the effect of matching positive end-expiratory pressure to the intra-abdominal pressure on cardio-respiratory parameters. DESIGN Experimental Pig model of intra-abdominal hypertension. SETTING Large animal facility, University of Western Australia. SUBJECTS Nine anesthetized, nonparalyzed, and ventilated Pigs (48 ± 7 kg). INTERVENTIONS Four levels of intra-abdominal pressure (baseline, 12, 18, and 22 mm Hg) were generated in a randomized order by inflating an intra-abdominal balloon. At each level of intra-abdominal pressure, three levels of positive end-expiratory pressure were randomly applied with varying degrees of matching the corresponding intra-abdominal pressure: baseline positive end-expiratory pressure (= 5 cm H2O), moderate positive end-expiratory pressure (= half intra-abdominal pressure in cm H2O + 5 cm H2O), and high positive end-expiratory pressure (= intra-abdominal pressure in cm H2O). MEASUREMENTS We measured end-expiratory lung volume, arterial oxygen levels, respiratory mechanics, and cardiac output 5 mins after each new intra-abdominal pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure setting. MAIN RESULTS Intra-abdominal hypertension decreased end-expiratory lung volume and PaO2 (-49% [p < .001] and -8% [p < .05], respectively, at 22 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure compared with baseline intra-abdominal pressure) but did not change cardiac output (p = .5). At each level of intra-abdominal pressure, moderate positive end-expiratory pressure increased end-expiratory lung volume (+119% [p < .001] at 22 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure compared with 5 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure) while minimally decreasing cardiac output (-8%, p < .05). High positive end-expiratory pressure further increased end-expiratory lung volume (+233% [p < .001] at 22 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure compared with 5 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure) but led to a greater decrease in cardiac output (-26%, p < .05). Neither moderate nor high positive end-expiratory pressure improved PaO2 (p = .7). Intra-abdominal hypertension decreased end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure but did not alter end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure. Intra-abdominal hypertension decreased total respiratory compliance through a decrease in chest wall compliance. Positive end-expiratory pressure decreased the respiratory compliance by reducing lung compliance. CONCLUSIONS In a Pig model of intra-abdominal hypertension, positive end-expiratory pressure matched to intra-abdominal pressure led to a preservation of end-expiratory lung volume, but did not improve arterial oxygen tension and caused a reduction in cardiac output. Therefore, we do not recommend routine application of positive end-expiratory pressure matched to intra-abdominal pressure to prevent intra-abdominal pressure-induced end-expiratory lung volume decline in healthy lungs.
Axel Haverich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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porcine endogenous retrovirus perv was not transmitted from transplanted porcine endothelial cells to baboons in vivo
Transplant International, 1998Co-Authors: Ulrich Martin, Verena Kiessig, Gustav Steinhoff, M G Chikobava, Marcel Anssar, Torsten Morschheuser, B A Lapin, Axel HaverichAbstract:The discussion about the clinical risk of zoonoses in xenotransplantation has recently culminated in the demand for a moratorium on clinical organ transplantation using Pig donors. The basis for this discussion was a recent report showing a possible trans-species transmission of Pig endogenous retrovirus (PERV) by in vitro transfer to human cell lines. At present, it remains unclear if this could also happen in vivo or in the setting of xenotransplantation. Potential in vivo transfer of PERV after xenotransplantation was investigated in an Experimental Pig-to-baboon cell transplantation model. Baboons were immunosuppressed with high-dose cyclophosphamide (total 45–150 mg/kg) and transplanted with primary porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). Tissue samples (skin, lymph nodes, lung) and peripheral blood leukocytes of 15 baboons, taken about 12–24 months after transplantation of PAEC, were then analyzed by PCR and showed no PERV infection. PERV expression in PAEC was also analyzed: PERV mRNA and reverse transcriptase in the culture supernatant could be detected. In spite of the release of retroviral particles from cultured PAEC, transplantation of these cells into baboon recipients did not result in virus transmission, not even under heavy immunosuppression.
Joaquim Segales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dna vaccine based on conserved ha peptides induces strong immune response and rapidly clears influenza virus infection from vaccinated Pigs
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Marta Sistereoro, Sergi Lopezserrano, Veljko Veljkovic, Sonia Pinapedrero, Julia Vergaraalert, Lorena Cordoba, Monica Perezmaillo, Patricia Pleguezuelos, Enric Vidal, Joaquim SegalesAbstract:Swine influenza virus (SIVs) infections cause a significant economic impact to the pork industry. Moreover, Pigs may act as mixing vessel favoring genome reassortment of diverse influenza viruses. Such an example is the pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus that appeared in 2009, harboring a combination of gene segments from avian, Pig and human lineages, which rapidly reached pandemic proportions. In order to confront and prevent these possible emergences as well as antigenic drift phenomena, vaccination remains of vital importance. The present work aimed to evaluate a new DNA influenza vaccine based on distinct conserved HA-peptides fused with flagellin and applied together with Diluvac Forte as adjuvant using a needle-free device (IntraDermal Application of Liquids, IDAL®). Two Experimental Pig studies were performed to test DNA-vaccine efficacy against SIVs in Pigs. In the first experiment, SIV-seronegative Pigs were vaccinated with VC4-flagellin DNA and intranasally challenged with a pH1N1. In the second study, VC4-flagellin DNA vaccine was employed in SIV-seropositive animals and challenged intranasally with an H3N2 SIV-isolate. Both experiments demonstrated a reduction in the viral shedding after challenge, suggesting vaccine efficacy against both the H1 and H3 influenza virus subtypes. In addition, the results proved that maternally derived antibodies (MDA) did not constitute an obstacle to the vaccine approach used. Moreover, elevated titers in antibodies both against H1 and H3 proteins in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) was detected in the vaccinated animals along with a markedly increased mucosal IgA response. Additionally, vaccinated animals developed stronger neutralizing antibodies in BALFs and higher inhibiting hemagglutination titers in sera against both the pH1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses compared to unvaccinated, challenged-Pigs. It is proposed that the described DNA-vaccine formulation could potentially be used as a multivalent vaccine against SIV infections.
Adrian Regli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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matching positive end expiratory pressure to intra abdominal pressure prevents end expiratory lung volume decline in a Pig model of intra abdominal hypertension
Critical Care Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Adrian Regli, Jakob Chakera, Bart L De Keulenaer, Brigit Roberts, Bill Noffsinger, Bhajan Singh, Peter Vernon Van HeerdenAbstract:OBJECTIVE Intra-abdominal hypertension is common in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In a previous Experimental study, positive end-expiratory pressures of up to 15 cm H2O did not prevent end-expiratory lung volume decline caused by intra-abdominal hypertension. Therefore, we examined the effect of matching positive end-expiratory pressure to the intra-abdominal pressure on cardio-respiratory parameters. DESIGN Experimental Pig model of intra-abdominal hypertension. SETTING Large animal facility, University of Western Australia. SUBJECTS Nine anesthetized, nonparalyzed, and ventilated Pigs (48 ± 7 kg). INTERVENTIONS Four levels of intra-abdominal pressure (baseline, 12, 18, and 22 mm Hg) were generated in a randomized order by inflating an intra-abdominal balloon. At each level of intra-abdominal pressure, three levels of positive end-expiratory pressure were randomly applied with varying degrees of matching the corresponding intra-abdominal pressure: baseline positive end-expiratory pressure (= 5 cm H2O), moderate positive end-expiratory pressure (= half intra-abdominal pressure in cm H2O + 5 cm H2O), and high positive end-expiratory pressure (= intra-abdominal pressure in cm H2O). MEASUREMENTS We measured end-expiratory lung volume, arterial oxygen levels, respiratory mechanics, and cardiac output 5 mins after each new intra-abdominal pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure setting. MAIN RESULTS Intra-abdominal hypertension decreased end-expiratory lung volume and PaO2 (-49% [p < .001] and -8% [p < .05], respectively, at 22 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure compared with baseline intra-abdominal pressure) but did not change cardiac output (p = .5). At each level of intra-abdominal pressure, moderate positive end-expiratory pressure increased end-expiratory lung volume (+119% [p < .001] at 22 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure compared with 5 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure) while minimally decreasing cardiac output (-8%, p < .05). High positive end-expiratory pressure further increased end-expiratory lung volume (+233% [p < .001] at 22 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure compared with 5 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure) but led to a greater decrease in cardiac output (-26%, p < .05). Neither moderate nor high positive end-expiratory pressure improved PaO2 (p = .7). Intra-abdominal hypertension decreased end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure but did not alter end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure. Intra-abdominal hypertension decreased total respiratory compliance through a decrease in chest wall compliance. Positive end-expiratory pressure decreased the respiratory compliance by reducing lung compliance. CONCLUSIONS In a Pig model of intra-abdominal hypertension, positive end-expiratory pressure matched to intra-abdominal pressure led to a preservation of end-expiratory lung volume, but did not improve arterial oxygen tension and caused a reduction in cardiac output. Therefore, we do not recommend routine application of positive end-expiratory pressure matched to intra-abdominal pressure to prevent intra-abdominal pressure-induced end-expiratory lung volume decline in healthy lungs.
Ulrich Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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porcine endogenous retrovirus perv was not transmitted from transplanted porcine endothelial cells to baboons in vivo
Transplant International, 1998Co-Authors: Ulrich Martin, Verena Kiessig, Gustav Steinhoff, M G Chikobava, Marcel Anssar, Torsten Morschheuser, B A Lapin, Axel HaverichAbstract:The discussion about the clinical risk of zoonoses in xenotransplantation has recently culminated in the demand for a moratorium on clinical organ transplantation using Pig donors. The basis for this discussion was a recent report showing a possible trans-species transmission of Pig endogenous retrovirus (PERV) by in vitro transfer to human cell lines. At present, it remains unclear if this could also happen in vivo or in the setting of xenotransplantation. Potential in vivo transfer of PERV after xenotransplantation was investigated in an Experimental Pig-to-baboon cell transplantation model. Baboons were immunosuppressed with high-dose cyclophosphamide (total 45–150 mg/kg) and transplanted with primary porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC). Tissue samples (skin, lymph nodes, lung) and peripheral blood leukocytes of 15 baboons, taken about 12–24 months after transplantation of PAEC, were then analyzed by PCR and showed no PERV infection. PERV expression in PAEC was also analyzed: PERV mRNA and reverse transcriptase in the culture supernatant could be detected. In spite of the release of retroviral particles from cultured PAEC, transplantation of these cells into baboon recipients did not result in virus transmission, not even under heavy immunosuppression.
