The Experts below are selected from a list of 81 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S. E. Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clinical trials of extended spectrum Penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitors in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections
American Journal of Surgery, 1995Co-Authors: S. E. Wilson, C. E. NordAbstract:The clinical results with the β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor class of antimicrobials in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections are reviewed. The three agents now in clinical use-ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanate, and piperacillin/tazobactam-are effective against a broad variety of grampositive and gram-negative organisnis. The β-lactaniase inhibitor is an irreversible inactivator of β-lactamase enzymes, which are produced by many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Randomized, prospective, clinical trials of each agent indicate clinical cure rates >85% that are not significantly different from those obtained with second-generation cephalosporin or aminoglycoside plus antianaerobic comparators, with the exception of one study. Piperacillin/tazobactam has also been compared with imipenem, with equivalent or superior outcomes, depending on the dose of the inupenem comparator. Side effects in the non-Penicillin-allergic patient are few. The incidence of abnormal renal function tests are generally lower than that obtained with aminoglycoside plus antianaerobic therapy. Introduction of this new β-lactam antimicrobial group provides another important strategy for the adjective management of surgically treated, community-acquired, intra-abdominal infectio
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Clinical trials of extended spectrum Penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitors in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. European and North American experience.
American journal of surgery, 1995Co-Authors: S. E. WilsonAbstract:The clinical results with the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor class of antimicrobials in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections are reviewed. The three agents now in clinical use--ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanate, and piperacillin/tazobactam--are effective against a broad variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The beta-lactamase inhibitor is an irreversible inactivator of beta-lactamase enzymes, which are produced by many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Randomized, prospective, clinical trials of each agent indicate clinical cure rates > 85% that are not significantly different from those obtained with second-generation cephalosporin or aminoglycoside plus antianaerobic comparators, with the exception of one study. Piperacillin/tazobactam has also been compared with imipenem, with equivalent or superior outcomes, depending on the dose of the imipenem comparator. Side effects in the non-Penicillin-allergic patient are few. The incidence of abnormal renal function tests are generally lower than that obtained with aminoglycoside plus antianaerobic therapy. Introduction of this new beta-lactam antimicrobial group provides another important strategy for the adjunctive management of surgically treated, community-acquired, intra-abdominal infection.
C. E. Nord - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clinical trials of extended spectrum Penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitors in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections
American Journal of Surgery, 1995Co-Authors: S. E. Wilson, C. E. NordAbstract:The clinical results with the β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor class of antimicrobials in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections are reviewed. The three agents now in clinical use-ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanate, and piperacillin/tazobactam-are effective against a broad variety of grampositive and gram-negative organisnis. The β-lactaniase inhibitor is an irreversible inactivator of β-lactamase enzymes, which are produced by many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Randomized, prospective, clinical trials of each agent indicate clinical cure rates >85% that are not significantly different from those obtained with second-generation cephalosporin or aminoglycoside plus antianaerobic comparators, with the exception of one study. Piperacillin/tazobactam has also been compared with imipenem, with equivalent or superior outcomes, depending on the dose of the inupenem comparator. Side effects in the non-Penicillin-allergic patient are few. The incidence of abnormal renal function tests are generally lower than that obtained with aminoglycoside plus antianaerobic therapy. Introduction of this new β-lactam antimicrobial group provides another important strategy for the adjective management of surgically treated, community-acquired, intra-abdominal infectio
Francisco J. Domingues - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Slaughter-Age Pigs and Environmental Samples
Microbial Drug Resistance, 2002Co-Authors: Celso José Bruno De Oliveira, L F O S Carvalho, Sueli Aparecida Fernandes, A T Tavechio, Cláudio C. P. Menezes, Francisco J. DominguesAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella strains isolated from slaughter-age pigs and environmental samples collected at modern swine raising facilities in Brazil. Seventeen isolates of six serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated out of 1,026 collected samples: Salmonella Typhimurium (1), Salmonella Agona (5), Salmonella Sandiego (5), Salmonella Rissen (1), Salmonella Senftenberg (4), and Salmonella Javiana (1). Resistance patterns were determined to Extended-Spectrum Penicillin (ampicillin), broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin), narrow-spectrum quinolone (nalidixic acid), broad-spectrum quinolone (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), tetracycline, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. Antimicrobial resistance patterns varied among serotypes, but isolates from a single serotype consistently showed the same resistance profile. All isolates we...
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Slaughter-Age Pigs and Environmental Samples
Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont N.Y.), 2002Co-Authors: Celso José Bruno De Oliveira, Sueli Aparecida Fernandes, A T Tavechio, Cláudio C. P. Menezes, Luiz Fernando De Oliveira E Silva Carvalho, Francisco J. DominguesAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella strains isolated from slaughter-age pigs and environmental samples collected at modern swine raising facilities in Brazil. Seventeen isolates of six serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated out of 1,026 collected samples: Salmonella Typhimurium (1), Salmonella Agona (5), Salmonella Sandiego (5), Salmonella Rissen (1), Salmonella Senftenberg (4), and Salmonella Javiana (1). Resistance patterns were determined to Extended-Spectrum Penicillin (ampicillin), broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin), narrow-spectrum quinolone (nalidixic acid), broad-spectrum quinolone (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), tetracycline, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. Antimicrobial resistance patterns varied among serotypes, but isolates from a single serotype consistently showed the same resistance profile. All isolates were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and nalidixic acid. One isolate, Salmonella Rissen, was also resistant to cefotaxime and tobramycin. All serotypes were susceptible to ceftriaxone, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol. The high resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin may be linked to their common use as therapeutic drugs on the tested farms. No relation was seen between nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolone resistance.
Taijiro Sueda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Antibiotic Heterogeneity on the Development of Infections with Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative Organisms in a Non-intensive Care Unit Surgical Ward
World Journal of Surgery, 2006Co-Authors: Yoshio Takesue, Hiroki Ohge, Mitsuru Sakashita, Takeshi Sudo, Yoshiaki Murakami, Kenichiro Uemura, Taijiro SuedaAbstract:Background Heterogeneous antibiotic use has been suggested to limit the emergence of resistance, but determining the optimal strategy is difficult. Methods We developed a new strategy, termed “periodic antibiotic monitoring and supervision” (PAMS) program in a non-ICU surgical ward. The 2-year prospective study was divided into a 1-year observation period and a 1-year PAMS period. The use of four major classes of antibiotics in empirical therapy for Gram-negative rod (GNR) infections was supervised. During the PAMS program, recommended, restricted, and off-supervised classes of antibiotics were changed every 3 months according to the usage pattern of the antibiotics in the preceding term. Results Cefepime (45.5%) and imipenem/cilastatin (39.4%) were the most common antibiotics of choice during the observation period. The use of these antibiotics decreased significantly during the PAMS period, and that of fluoroquinolones and Extended-Spectrum Penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor increased (4.8% vs. 21.4% and 2.4% vs. 21.4%, P < 0.01 respectively). Outcome analysis demonstrated a tendency toward reduction in the incidence of resistant GNR infections ( P = 0.079) and that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P = 0.053). The incidence of resistant Gram-positive core infections did not decrease. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility to GNR revealed no significant beneficial results for any antibiotics. Conclusions As significant changes were not observed, the PAMS program is not generally applicable and heterogeneous antibiotic use as a way of reducing infections with resistant GNR in non-ICU surgical wards was not established.
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Effect of Antibiotic Heterogeneity on the Development of Infections with Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative Organisms in a Non-intensive Care Unit Surgical Ward
World journal of surgery, 2006Co-Authors: Yoshio Takesue, Hiroki Ohge, Mitsuru Sakashita, Takeshi Sudo, Yoshiaki Murakami, Kenichiro Uemura, Taijiro SuedaAbstract:Heterogeneous antibiotic use has been suggested to limit the emergence of resistance, but determining the optimal strategy is difficult. We developed a new strategy, termed "periodic antibiotic monitoring and supervision" (PAMS) program in a non-ICU surgical ward. The 2-year prospective study was divided into a 1-year observation period and a 1-year PAMS period. The use of four major classes of antibiotics in empirical therapy for Gram-negative rod (GNR) infections was supervised. During the PAMS program, recommended, restricted, and off-supervised classes of antibiotics were changed every 3 months according to the usage pattern of the antibiotics in the preceding term. Cefepime (45.5%) and imipenem/cilastatin (39.4%) were the most common antibiotics of choice during the observation period. The use of these antibiotics decreased significantly during the PAMS period, and that of fluoroquinolones and Extended-Spectrum Penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor increased (4.8% vs. 21.4% and 2.4% vs. 21.4%, P<0.01 respectively). Outcome analysis demonstrated a tendency toward reduction in the incidence of resistant GNR infections (P=0.079) and that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P=0.053). The incidence of resistant Gram-positive core infections did not decrease. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility to GNR revealed no significant beneficial results for any antibiotics. As significant changes were not observed, the PAMS program is not generally applicable and heterogeneous antibiotic use as a way of reducing infections with resistant GNR in non-ICU surgical wards was not established.
Celso José Bruno De Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Slaughter-Age Pigs and Environmental Samples
Microbial Drug Resistance, 2002Co-Authors: Celso José Bruno De Oliveira, L F O S Carvalho, Sueli Aparecida Fernandes, A T Tavechio, Cláudio C. P. Menezes, Francisco J. DominguesAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella strains isolated from slaughter-age pigs and environmental samples collected at modern swine raising facilities in Brazil. Seventeen isolates of six serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated out of 1,026 collected samples: Salmonella Typhimurium (1), Salmonella Agona (5), Salmonella Sandiego (5), Salmonella Rissen (1), Salmonella Senftenberg (4), and Salmonella Javiana (1). Resistance patterns were determined to Extended-Spectrum Penicillin (ampicillin), broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin), narrow-spectrum quinolone (nalidixic acid), broad-spectrum quinolone (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), tetracycline, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. Antimicrobial resistance patterns varied among serotypes, but isolates from a single serotype consistently showed the same resistance profile. All isolates we...
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Serotypes Isolated from Slaughter-Age Pigs and Environmental Samples
Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont N.Y.), 2002Co-Authors: Celso José Bruno De Oliveira, Sueli Aparecida Fernandes, A T Tavechio, Cláudio C. P. Menezes, Luiz Fernando De Oliveira E Silva Carvalho, Francisco J. DominguesAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella strains isolated from slaughter-age pigs and environmental samples collected at modern swine raising facilities in Brazil. Seventeen isolates of six serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were isolated out of 1,026 collected samples: Salmonella Typhimurium (1), Salmonella Agona (5), Salmonella Sandiego (5), Salmonella Rissen (1), Salmonella Senftenberg (4), and Salmonella Javiana (1). Resistance patterns were determined to Extended-Spectrum Penicillin (ampicillin), broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin), narrow-spectrum quinolone (nalidixic acid), broad-spectrum quinolone (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), tetracycline, trimethoprim, and chloramphenicol. Antimicrobial resistance patterns varied among serotypes, but isolates from a single serotype consistently showed the same resistance profile. All isolates were resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and nalidixic acid. One isolate, Salmonella Rissen, was also resistant to cefotaxime and tobramycin. All serotypes were susceptible to ceftriaxone, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol. The high resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin may be linked to their common use as therapeutic drugs on the tested farms. No relation was seen between nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolone resistance.
