The Experts below are selected from a list of 15270 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David Roibas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluating the double effect of land fragmentation on technology choice and dairy farm productivity a latent class model approach
Land Use Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Luis Orea, Jose A Perez, David RoibasAbstract:Land fragmentation affects dairy Farming through its influence on foodstuff production. As its impact on Extensive farms (which use a large land area per cow) is expected to be larger than on intensive farms, land fragmentation could also constitute an obstacle to adopting an Extensive production technology. Given that Extensive Farming is being encouraged by direct payments from the Common Agricultural Policy to protect the environment and preserve rural heritage, land fragmentation may reduce the effectiveness of this rural development aid. We provide an empirical application using a sample of Spanish dairy farms located in a region where land is highly fragmented. Using a stochastic frontier latent class model, we find a significantly larger impact of land fragmentation on the productivity of Extensive farms compared to intensive ones. Moreover, land fragmentation significantly reduces the probability of using Extensive production processes. Our simulation analyses shows that a reduction in the number of plots similar to that already achieved by previous land consolidation processes in the region would improve the variable profits of Extensive farms by 16% compared to 6% for intensive farms. Additionally, up to 84% of intensive farms would switch to Extensive production processes.
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evaluating the double effect of land fragmentation on technology choice and dairy farm productivity a latent class model approach
Efficiency Series Papers, 2013Co-Authors: Luis Orea, Jose A Perez, David RoibasAbstract:Land fragmentation affects dairy Farming through its influence on foodstuff production. As such, its impact is expected to be larger on Extensive farms (which use a large land area per cow) than on intensive ones. Given this, land fragmentation could also constitute an obstacle to adopt Extensive production technology. As direct payments of the Common Agricultural Policy to protect the environment and preserve rural heritage concern Extensive Farming, land fragmentation can reduce the effectiveness of this rural development aid. We propose using a stochastic frontier latent class model approach to evaluate this double effect of land fragmentation, namely its different impact on Extensive and intensive farms’ productivity and its influence on the technology choice. The model is estimated using a sample of Spanish dairy farms located in a region where land is highly fragmented. Based on the results obtained, a simulation analysis is carried out to evaluate the impact of land consolidation processes on both the technology choice and farms’ productivity.
Stéphane Ingrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production Flexibility in Extensive Beef Farming Systems
Ecology and Society, 2011Co-Authors: L. Astigarraga, Stéphane IngrandAbstract:The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by Extensive production conditions faced with variations in the environment, i.e., market variations and climatic fluctuations, of Limousin beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semistructured questionnaire and on the analysis of productive and economic results over a 15-year period (1991-2005). The main evolution of these farms is related to a rise in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the enlarged land area, females were reared for fattening or for reproduction instead of selling them at weaning. The Limousin female provides a wide product mix because of its plasticity, as has been studied by several researchers. This mix flexibility is achieved by delaying product differentiation, a form of production flexibility that can reduce the risk of under-producing or over-producing varied product configurations. On the other hand, calves sold to the Italian market after weaning are generic products, associated with a flexible production process to overcome fluctuations in forage availability due to climatic variations. The introduction of maize silage for feeding acts as an alternative route, actual and potential, through the system to overcome unexpected forage shortage from natural grasslands as a result of droughts. The study shows that Extensive Farming systems have developed types of flexibility to match different factors of uncertainty from the environment. Finally, the issue of farm system performance is thus not so much a question of whether a farm is fit at a specific moment in time, but whether it transforms into a less or more sustainable orientation.
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production flexibility in Extensive beef Farming systems in the limousin region
Empowerment of the rural actors. A renewal of farming systems perspectives : 8th European IFSA Symposium 6-10 July 2008 Clermond-Ferrand, 2008Co-Authors: L. Astigarraga, Eduardo Chia, Stéphane IngrandAbstract:The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by the Extensive conditions of production faced with variations in the environment (market variations and climate fluctuations) of the Limousine beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and on the analysis of the productive and economic results for a 15-year period (1991-2005). The main evolution of these farms is related to an increase in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the enlarged land area, females were reared for fattening or for reproduction instead of selling them at weaning. The Limousin female provides a wide product mix because of its plasticity, as has been studied by several researchers. This diversification and capacity for adaptation from one product to another is the mix flexibility. This mix flexibility is achieved by delaying product differentiation; it is a form of production flexibility that can reduce the risk of under-producing or over-producing through varied product configurations. Calves sold to the Italian market after weaning are generic products, associated with a flexible production process to overcome fluctuations in forage availability due to climate variations. The introduction of maize silage for feeding acts as an alternative route (actual and potential) through the system to overcome unexpected forage shortage from natural grasslands as a result of droughts. The study shows that Extensive Farming systems have developed types of flexibility to match different factors of uncertainty from the environment. An important challenge for further research on flexibility is to develop knowledge regarding the relationship between time and extent of change: a better understanding of when to change is crucial to remain competitive. (Resume d'auteur)
Maere Reidla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extensive Farming in estonia started through a sex biased migration from the steppe
Current Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Lehti Saag, Liivi Varul, Christiana L Scheib, Jesper Stenderup, Morten E Allentoft, Lauri Saag, Luca Pagani, Maere ReidlaAbstract:Summary The transition from hunting and gathering to Farming in Europe was brought upon by arrival of new people carrying novel material culture and genetic ancestry. The exact nature and scale of the transition—both material and genetic—varied in different parts of Europe [1–7]. Farming-based economies appear relatively late in Northeast Europe, and the extent to which they involve change in genetic ancestry is not fully understood due to the lack of relevant ancient DNA data. Here we present the results from new low-coverage whole-genome shotgun sequence data from five hunter-gatherers and five first farmers of Estonia whose remains date to 4,500 to 6,300 years before present. We find evidence of significant differences between the two groups in the composition of autosomal as well as mtDNA, X chromosome, and Y chromosome ancestries. We find that Estonian hunter-gatherers of Comb Ceramic culture are closest to Eastern hunter-gatherers, which is in contrast to earlier hunter-gatherers from the Baltics, who are close to Western hunter-gatherers [8, 9]. The Estonian first farmers of Corded Ware culture show high similarity in their autosomes with European hunter-gatherers, Steppe Eneolithic and Bronze Age populations, and European Late Neolithic/Bronze Age populations, while their X chromosomes are in addition equally closely related to European and Anatolian and Levantine early farmers. These findings suggest that the shift to intensive cultivation and animal husbandry in Estonia was triggered by the arrival of new people with predominantly Steppe ancestry but whose ancestors had undergone sex-specific admixture with early farmers with Anatolian ancestry.
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Extensive Farming in estonia started through a sex biased migration from the steppe
bioRxiv, 2017Co-Authors: Lehti Saag, Liivi Varul, Christiana L Scheib, Jesper Stenderup, Morten E Allentoft, Lauri Saag, Luca Pagani, Maere Reidla, Kristiina Tambets, Ene MetspaluAbstract:Farming-based economies appear relatively late in Northeast Europe and the extent to which they involve genetic ancestry change is still poorly understood. Here we present the analyses of low coverage whole genome sequence data from five hunter-gatherers and five farmers of Estonia dated to 4,500 to 6,300 years before present. We find evidence of significant differences between the two groups in the composition of autosomal as well as mtDNA, X and Y chromosome ancestries. We find that Estonian hunter-gatherers of Comb Ceramic Culture are closest to Eastern hunter-gatherers. The Estonian first farmers of Corded Ware Culture show high similarity in their autosomes with Steppe Belt Late Neolithic/Bronze Age individuals, Caucasus hunter-gatherers and Iranian farmers while their X chromosomes are most closely related with the European Early Farmers of Anatolian descent. These findings suggest that the shift to intensive cultivation and animal husbandry in Estonia was triggered by the arrival of new people with predominantly Steppe ancestry, but whose ancestors had undergone sex-specific admixture with early farmers with Anatolian ancestry.
Luis Orea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluating the double effect of land fragmentation on technology choice and dairy farm productivity a latent class model approach
Land Use Policy, 2015Co-Authors: Luis Orea, Jose A Perez, David RoibasAbstract:Land fragmentation affects dairy Farming through its influence on foodstuff production. As its impact on Extensive farms (which use a large land area per cow) is expected to be larger than on intensive farms, land fragmentation could also constitute an obstacle to adopting an Extensive production technology. Given that Extensive Farming is being encouraged by direct payments from the Common Agricultural Policy to protect the environment and preserve rural heritage, land fragmentation may reduce the effectiveness of this rural development aid. We provide an empirical application using a sample of Spanish dairy farms located in a region where land is highly fragmented. Using a stochastic frontier latent class model, we find a significantly larger impact of land fragmentation on the productivity of Extensive farms compared to intensive ones. Moreover, land fragmentation significantly reduces the probability of using Extensive production processes. Our simulation analyses shows that a reduction in the number of plots similar to that already achieved by previous land consolidation processes in the region would improve the variable profits of Extensive farms by 16% compared to 6% for intensive farms. Additionally, up to 84% of intensive farms would switch to Extensive production processes.
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evaluating the double effect of land fragmentation on technology choice and dairy farm productivity a latent class model approach
Efficiency Series Papers, 2013Co-Authors: Luis Orea, Jose A Perez, David RoibasAbstract:Land fragmentation affects dairy Farming through its influence on foodstuff production. As such, its impact is expected to be larger on Extensive farms (which use a large land area per cow) than on intensive ones. Given this, land fragmentation could also constitute an obstacle to adopt Extensive production technology. As direct payments of the Common Agricultural Policy to protect the environment and preserve rural heritage concern Extensive Farming, land fragmentation can reduce the effectiveness of this rural development aid. We propose using a stochastic frontier latent class model approach to evaluate this double effect of land fragmentation, namely its different impact on Extensive and intensive farms’ productivity and its influence on the technology choice. The model is estimated using a sample of Spanish dairy farms located in a region where land is highly fragmented. Based on the results obtained, a simulation analysis is carried out to evaluate the impact of land consolidation processes on both the technology choice and farms’ productivity.
L. Astigarraga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production Flexibility in Extensive Beef Farming Systems
Ecology and Society, 2011Co-Authors: L. Astigarraga, Stéphane IngrandAbstract:The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by Extensive production conditions faced with variations in the environment, i.e., market variations and climatic fluctuations, of Limousin beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semistructured questionnaire and on the analysis of productive and economic results over a 15-year period (1991-2005). The main evolution of these farms is related to a rise in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the enlarged land area, females were reared for fattening or for reproduction instead of selling them at weaning. The Limousin female provides a wide product mix because of its plasticity, as has been studied by several researchers. This mix flexibility is achieved by delaying product differentiation, a form of production flexibility that can reduce the risk of under-producing or over-producing varied product configurations. On the other hand, calves sold to the Italian market after weaning are generic products, associated with a flexible production process to overcome fluctuations in forage availability due to climatic variations. The introduction of maize silage for feeding acts as an alternative route, actual and potential, through the system to overcome unexpected forage shortage from natural grasslands as a result of droughts. The study shows that Extensive Farming systems have developed types of flexibility to match different factors of uncertainty from the environment. Finally, the issue of farm system performance is thus not so much a question of whether a farm is fit at a specific moment in time, but whether it transforms into a less or more sustainable orientation.
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production flexibility in Extensive beef Farming systems in the limousin region
Empowerment of the rural actors. A renewal of farming systems perspectives : 8th European IFSA Symposium 6-10 July 2008 Clermond-Ferrand, 2008Co-Authors: L. Astigarraga, Eduardo Chia, Stéphane IngrandAbstract:The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by the Extensive conditions of production faced with variations in the environment (market variations and climate fluctuations) of the Limousine beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and on the analysis of the productive and economic results for a 15-year period (1991-2005). The main evolution of these farms is related to an increase in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the enlarged land area, females were reared for fattening or for reproduction instead of selling them at weaning. The Limousin female provides a wide product mix because of its plasticity, as has been studied by several researchers. This diversification and capacity for adaptation from one product to another is the mix flexibility. This mix flexibility is achieved by delaying product differentiation; it is a form of production flexibility that can reduce the risk of under-producing or over-producing through varied product configurations. Calves sold to the Italian market after weaning are generic products, associated with a flexible production process to overcome fluctuations in forage availability due to climate variations. The introduction of maize silage for feeding acts as an alternative route (actual and potential) through the system to overcome unexpected forage shortage from natural grasslands as a result of droughts. The study shows that Extensive Farming systems have developed types of flexibility to match different factors of uncertainty from the environment. An important challenge for further research on flexibility is to develop knowledge regarding the relationship between time and extent of change: a better understanding of when to change is crucial to remain competitive. (Resume d'auteur)
