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Andrew P Yonelinas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of healthy aging amnestic mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer s disease on recollection and Familiarity a meta analytic review
Neuropsychology Review, 2014Co-Authors: Joshua D Koen, Andrew P YonelinasAbstract:It is well established that healthy aging, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are associated with substantial declines in episodic memory. However, there is still debate as to how two forms of episodic memory – recollection and Familiarity – are affected by healthy and pathological aging. To address this issue we conducted a meta-analytic review of the effect sizes reported in studies using remember/know (RK), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and process dissociation (PD) methods to examine recollection and Familiarity in healthy aging (25 published reports), aMCI (9 published reports), and AD (5 published reports). The results from the meta-analysis revealed that healthy aging is associated with moderate-to-large recollection impairments. Familiarity was not impaired in studies using ROC or PD methods but was impaired in studies that used the RK procedure. aMCI was associated with large decreases in recollection whereas Familiarity only tended to show a decrease in studies with a patient sample comprised of both single-domain and multiple-domain aMCI patients. Lastly, AD was associated with large decreases in both recollection and Familiarity. The results are consistent with neuroimaging evidence suggesting that the hippocampus is critical for recollection whereas Familiarity is dependent on the integrity of the surrounding perirhinal cortex. Moreover, the results highlight the relevance of method selection when examining aging, and suggest that Familiarity deficits might be a useful behavioral marker for identifying individuals that will develop dementia.
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Familiarity is related to conceptual implicit memory an examination of individual differences
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2012Co-Authors: Weichun Wang, Andrew P YonelinasAbstract:Explicit memory is thought to be distinct from implicit memory. However, growing evidence has indicated that explicit Familiarity-based recognition memory judgments rely on the same process that supports conceptual implicit memory. We tested this hypothesis by examining individual differences using a paradigm wherein we measured both Familiarity and conceptual implicit memory within the same participants. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we examined recognition memory confidence ROCs and remember/know responses, respectively, to estimate recollection and Familiarity, and used a free association task to measure conceptual implicit memory. The results demonstrated that, across participants, Familiarity, but not recollection, was significantly correlated with conceptual priming. In contrast, in Experiment 2, utilizing a similar paradigm, a comparison of recognition memory ROCs and explicit associative cued-recall performance indicated that cued recall was related to both recollection and Familiarity. These results are consistent with models assuming that Familiarity-based recognition and conceptual implicit memory rely on similar underlying processes.
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recognition memory opposite effects of hippocampal damage on recollection and Familiarity
Nature Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Magdalena M Sauvage, Andrew P Yonelinas, Norbert J Fortin, Cullen B Owens, Howard EichenbaumAbstract:A major controversy in memory research concerns whether recognition is subdivided into distinct cognitive mechanisms of recollection and Familiarity that are supported by different neural substrates. Here we developed a new associative recognition protocol for rats that enabled us to show that recollection is reduced, whereas Familiarity is increased following hippocampal damage. These results provide strong evidence that these processes are qualitatively different and that the hippocampus supports recollection and not Familiarity.
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the medial temporal lobe and recognition memory
Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Howard Eichenbaum, Andrew P Yonelinas, Charan RanganathAbstract:The ability to recognize a previously experienced stimulus is supported by two processes: recollection of the stimulus in the context of other information associated with the experience, and a sense of Familiarity with the features of the stimulus. Although Familiarity and recollection are functionally distinct, there is considerable debate about how these kinds of memory are supported by regions in the medial temporal lobes (MTL). Here, we review evidence for the distinction between recollection and Familiarity and then consider the evidence regarding the neural mechanisms of these processes. Evidence from neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological studies of humans, monkeys, and rats indicates that different subregions of the MTL make distinct contributions to recollection and Familiarity. The data suggest that the hippocampus is critical for recollection but not Familiarity. The parahippocampal cortex also contributes to recollection, possibly via the representation and retrieval of contextual (especially spatial) information, whereas perirhinal cortex contributes to and is necessary for Familiarity-based recognition. The findings are consistent with an anatomically guided hypothesis about the functional organization of the MTL and suggest mechanisms by which the anatomical components of the MTL interact to support the phenomenology of recollection and Familiarity.
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effect of unitization on associative recognition in amnesia
Hippocampus, 2007Co-Authors: Joel R Quamme, Andrew P Yonelinas, Kenneth A NormanAbstract:We examined how associative recognition performance in amnesic patients is mediated by use of a unitized (i.e., holistic) encoding strategy, and the degree to which the unitization effect is related to sparing of Familiarity-based recognition. Participants studied word pairs as either separate lexical units in sentences (i.e., nonunitized) or as compounds (unitized). Under standard recognition instructions, normal controls and patients with left-temporal lobe damage (previously determined to have impairments in both recollection and Familiarity) showed no difference for unitized and nonunitized pairs, whereas hypoxics (previously determined to have impaired recollection but relatively preserved Familiarity) showed an advantage of unitized over nonunitized pairs. This effect was reproduced in normal healthy participants under instructions to restrict responses to judgments of Familiarity. The results indicate that unitization may mediate the degree of associative recognition impairment exhibited by some amnesic patients, and that the effect is related to preserved Familiarity capacity. The relevance of the results to the debate over the importance of the hippocampus in memory for associations is discussed. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Howard Eichenbaum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recognition memory adding a response deadline eliminates recollection but spares Familiarity
Learning & Memory, 2010Co-Authors: Magdalena M Sauvage, Zachery Beer, Howard EichenbaumAbstract:A current controversy in memory research concerns whether recognition is supported by distinct processes of Familiarity and recollection, or instead by a single process wherein Familiarity and recollection reflect weak and strong memories, respectively. Recent studies using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses in an animal model have shown that manipulations of the memory demands can eliminate the contribution of Familiarity while sparing recollection. Here it is shown that a different manipulation, specifically the addition of a response deadline in recognition testing, results in the opposite performance pattern, eliminating the contribution of recollection while sparing that of Familiarity. This dissociation, combined with the earlier findings, demonstrates that Familiarity and recollection are differentially sensitive to specific memory demands, strongly supporting the dual process view.
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cognitive aging a common decline of episodic recollection and spatial memory in rats
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Jonathan R Robitsek, Norbert J Fortin, Ming Teng Koh, Michela Gallagher, Howard EichenbaumAbstract:In humans, recognition memory declines with aging, and this impairment is characterized by a selective loss in recollection of previously studied items contrasted with relative sparing of Familiarity for items in the study list. Rodent models of cognitive aging have focused on water maze learning and have demonstrated an age-associated loss in spatial, but not cued memory. The current study examined odor recognition memory in young and aged rats and compared performance in recognition with that in water maze learning. In the recognition task, young rats used both recollection and Familiarity. In contrast, the aged rats showed a selective loss of recollection and relative sparing of Familiarity, similar to the effects of hippocampal damage. Furthermore, performance on the recall component, but not the Familiarity component, of recognition was correlated with spatial memory and recollection was poorer in aged rats that were also impaired in spatial memory. These results extend the pattern of impairment in recollection and relative sparing of Familiarity observed in human cognitive aging to rats, and suggest a common age-related impairment in both spatial learning and the recollective component of nonspatial recognition memory.
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recognition memory opposite effects of hippocampal damage on recollection and Familiarity
Nature Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Magdalena M Sauvage, Andrew P Yonelinas, Norbert J Fortin, Cullen B Owens, Howard EichenbaumAbstract:A major controversy in memory research concerns whether recognition is subdivided into distinct cognitive mechanisms of recollection and Familiarity that are supported by different neural substrates. Here we developed a new associative recognition protocol for rats that enabled us to show that recollection is reduced, whereas Familiarity is increased following hippocampal damage. These results provide strong evidence that these processes are qualitatively different and that the hippocampus supports recollection and not Familiarity.
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the medial temporal lobe and recognition memory
Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Howard Eichenbaum, Andrew P Yonelinas, Charan RanganathAbstract:The ability to recognize a previously experienced stimulus is supported by two processes: recollection of the stimulus in the context of other information associated with the experience, and a sense of Familiarity with the features of the stimulus. Although Familiarity and recollection are functionally distinct, there is considerable debate about how these kinds of memory are supported by regions in the medial temporal lobes (MTL). Here, we review evidence for the distinction between recollection and Familiarity and then consider the evidence regarding the neural mechanisms of these processes. Evidence from neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological studies of humans, monkeys, and rats indicates that different subregions of the MTL make distinct contributions to recollection and Familiarity. The data suggest that the hippocampus is critical for recollection but not Familiarity. The parahippocampal cortex also contributes to recollection, possibly via the representation and retrieval of contextual (especially spatial) information, whereas perirhinal cortex contributes to and is necessary for Familiarity-based recognition. The findings are consistent with an anatomically guided hypothesis about the functional organization of the MTL and suggest mechanisms by which the anatomical components of the MTL interact to support the phenomenology of recollection and Familiarity.
Joshua D Koen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of healthy aging amnestic mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer s disease on recollection and Familiarity a meta analytic review
Neuropsychology Review, 2014Co-Authors: Joshua D Koen, Andrew P YonelinasAbstract:It is well established that healthy aging, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are associated with substantial declines in episodic memory. However, there is still debate as to how two forms of episodic memory – recollection and Familiarity – are affected by healthy and pathological aging. To address this issue we conducted a meta-analytic review of the effect sizes reported in studies using remember/know (RK), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and process dissociation (PD) methods to examine recollection and Familiarity in healthy aging (25 published reports), aMCI (9 published reports), and AD (5 published reports). The results from the meta-analysis revealed that healthy aging is associated with moderate-to-large recollection impairments. Familiarity was not impaired in studies using ROC or PD methods but was impaired in studies that used the RK procedure. aMCI was associated with large decreases in recollection whereas Familiarity only tended to show a decrease in studies with a patient sample comprised of both single-domain and multiple-domain aMCI patients. Lastly, AD was associated with large decreases in both recollection and Familiarity. The results are consistent with neuroimaging evidence suggesting that the hippocampus is critical for recollection whereas Familiarity is dependent on the integrity of the surrounding perirhinal cortex. Moreover, the results highlight the relevance of method selection when examining aging, and suggest that Familiarity deficits might be a useful behavioral marker for identifying individuals that will develop dementia.
Magdalena M Sauvage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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roc in animals uncovering the neural substrates of recollection and Familiarity in episodic recognition memory
Consciousness and Cognition, 2010Co-Authors: Magdalena M SauvageAbstract:It is a consensus that Familiarity and recollection contribute to episodic recognition memory. However, it remains controversial whether Familiarity and recollection are qualitatively distinct processes supported by different brain regions, or whether they reflect different strengths of the same process and share the same support. In this review, I discuss how adapting standard human recognition memory paradigms to rats, performing circumscribed brain lesions and using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods contributed to solve this controversy. First, I describe the validation of the animal ROC paradigms and report evidence that Familiarity and recollection are distinct processes in intact rats. Second, I report results from rats with hippocampal dysfunction which confirm this finding and lead to the conclusion that the hippocampus supports recollection but not Familiarity. Finally, I describe a recent study focusing on the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) that investigates the contribution of areas upstream of the hippocampus to recollection and Familiarity.
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recognition memory adding a response deadline eliminates recollection but spares Familiarity
Learning & Memory, 2010Co-Authors: Magdalena M Sauvage, Zachery Beer, Howard EichenbaumAbstract:A current controversy in memory research concerns whether recognition is supported by distinct processes of Familiarity and recollection, or instead by a single process wherein Familiarity and recollection reflect weak and strong memories, respectively. Recent studies using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses in an animal model have shown that manipulations of the memory demands can eliminate the contribution of Familiarity while sparing recollection. Here it is shown that a different manipulation, specifically the addition of a response deadline in recognition testing, results in the opposite performance pattern, eliminating the contribution of recollection while sparing that of Familiarity. This dissociation, combined with the earlier findings, demonstrates that Familiarity and recollection are differentially sensitive to specific memory demands, strongly supporting the dual process view.
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recognition memory opposite effects of hippocampal damage on recollection and Familiarity
Nature Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Magdalena M Sauvage, Andrew P Yonelinas, Norbert J Fortin, Cullen B Owens, Howard EichenbaumAbstract:A major controversy in memory research concerns whether recognition is subdivided into distinct cognitive mechanisms of recollection and Familiarity that are supported by different neural substrates. Here we developed a new associative recognition protocol for rats that enabled us to show that recollection is reduced, whereas Familiarity is increased following hippocampal damage. These results provide strong evidence that these processes are qualitatively different and that the hippocampus supports recollection and not Familiarity.
John T. Wixted - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of the human hippocampus in Familiarity based and recollection based recognition memory
Behavioural Brain Research, 2010Co-Authors: John T. Wixted, Larry R SquireAbstract:The ability to recognize a previously encountered stimulus is dependent on the structures of the medial temporal lobe and is thought to be supported by two processes, recollection and Familiarity. A focus of research in recent years concerns the extent to which these two processes depend on the hippocampus and on the other structures of the medial temporal lobe. One view holds that the hippocampus is important for both processes, whereas a different view holds that the hippocampus supports only the recollection process and the perirhinal cortex supports the Familiarity process. One approach has been to study patients with hippocampal lesions and to contrast old/new recognition (which can be supported by Familiarity) to free recall (which is supported by recollection). Despite some early case studies suggesting otherwise, several group studies have now shown that hippocampal patients exhibit comparable impairments on old/new recognition and free recall. These findings suggest that the hippocampus is important for both recollection and Familiarity. Neuroimaging studies and Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses also initially suggested that the hippocampus was specialized for recollection, but these studies involved a strength confound (strong memories have been compared to weak memories). When steps are taken to compare strong recollection-based memories with strong Familiarity-based memories, or otherwise control for memory strength, evidence for a Familiarity signal (as well as a recollection signal) is evident in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that the functional organization of the medial temporal lobe is probably best understood in terms unrelated to the distinction between recollection and Familiarity.
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Recollection Is a Continuous Process Implications for Dual-Process Theories of Recognition Memory
Psychological Science, 2009Co-Authors: Laura Mickes, Peter E Wais, John T. WixtedAbstract:Dual-process theory, which holds that recognition decisions can be based on recollection or Familiarity, has long seemed incompatible with signal detection theory, which holds that recognition decisions are based on a singular, continuous memory-strength variable. Formal dual-process models typically regard Familiarity as a continuous process (i.e., Familiarity comes in degrees), but they construe recollection as a categorical process (i.e., recollection either occurs or does not occur). A continuous process is characterized by a graded relationship between confidence and accuracy, whereas a categorical process is characterized by a binary relationship such that high confidence is associated with high accuracy but all lower degrees of confidence are associated with chance accuracy. Using a source-memory procedure, we found that the relationship between confidence and source-recollection accuracy was graded. Because recollection, like Familiarity, is a continuous process, dual-process theory is more compat...
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recognition memory and the medial temporal lobe a new perspective
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Larry R Squire, John T. Wixted, Robert E ClarkAbstract:Recognition memory is widely viewed as consisting of two components, recollection and Familiarity, which have been proposed to be dependent on the hippocampus and the adjacent perirhinal cortex, respectively. Here, we propose an alternative perspective: we suggest that the methods traditionally used to separate recollection from Familiarity instead separate strong memories from weak memories. A review of work with humans, monkeys and rodents finds evidence for Familiarity signals (as well as recollection signals) in the hippocampus and recollection signals (as well as Familiarity signals) in the perirhinal cortex. We also indicate ways in which the functions of the medial temporal lobe structures are different, and suggest that these structures work together in a cooperative and complementary way.
