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Zhe Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cable routing optimization for offshore wind power plants via wind scenarios considering power loss cost model
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Guangya Yang, Cong Chen, Yuanhang Qi, Zhe ChenAbstract:Abstract Offshore wind power plants have been considered as one of the fastest-growing types of renewable energy technologies that is superior to the onshore wind farms with low impacts on habitat, better wind condition, higher energy efficiency, etc. The cost of submarine cables takes a significant proportion of the overall capital cost for a large-scale offshore wind farm, rendering the task of optimization of electrical infrastructure a critical role in modern wind farm design. With the increasing capacity and offshore distance, the impact of power losses in the cables on the economic performance of the wind farm becomes significant. Therefore, both the investment on the cables and the cost from the associated energy loss need to be considered in the optimization model. In this work, a detailed power loss cost model accounting for the wake effect’s impact on the wind turbine output is proposed. The cable cost and the associated power losses cost are considered in the objective function. The offshore substation location, cable connection layout, and cable sectional area are optimized simultaneously while ensuring an uncrossed cable connection layout via a line segment intersection detection algorithm. Due to the non-convexity of the optimization model, an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted. The proposed method was validated through a case of a real offshore wind farm, where the simulation results show that the cable connection layout formulation and sectional area selection varies significantly when different power loss model is applied. A 3.14% total cost reduction can be achieved by using the proposed method compared with the case without the power loss model.
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A Hybrid Cable Connection Structure for Wind Farms With Reliability Consideration
IEEE Access, 2019Co-Authors: Junxian Li, Xiawei Wu, Weihao Hu, Qi Huang, Zhou Liu, Zhe ChenAbstract:The collector system in wind farm has a large number of cables. When one of the cable fails, the power generated by the wind turbine (WT) cannot be collected into the substation through the faulty cable. That would make the profits for the wind farm reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to find a more reliable cable structure, which can transfer power as much as possible even if the cable failure occurs. In this paper, a new cable connection method is proposed in two main steps to improve both the reliability of the cable connection and the economic. Two different wind farms with the same climatological information and high voltage substation location are investigated and compared in the case study. In the first step, the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm is adopted to connect all wind turbines (WTs) to the substation. The cables used in collector system are the 33-kV middle voltage alternating current (MVAC) cables. Then the power production generated by WTs is transmitted from substation to the high voltage substation via a 132-kV transmission cable. The initial cable connection layout is obtained in the first step and the total trenching length is optimized to be minimum. In addition, cable selection in each branch can be determined based on the cable current carrying capacity. In the second step, reliability assessment is implemented by analyzing the expected energy not supplied (EENS). Based on EENS, the evaluation index ${LPC}_{rel}$ is obtained. This index takes both reliability and economy into account. Additional cables found by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are added to the initial cable connection layout. Finally, a cable layout called hybrid structure is formed. What is more, by adding additional cables, the ${LPC}_{rel}$ is reduced by 1.5%. The simulation results clearly indicate that the proposed method is better when the cable failure is considered.
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Substation Location and Cable Connection Optimization of Onshore Wind Farms Using Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm
2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2018Co-Authors: Junxian Li, Xiawei Wu, Weihao Hu, Qi Huang, Zhe ChenAbstract:Due to the high investment cost, high maintenance costs, and vulnerability to climate impacts of offshore wind farm, large onshore wind farms are attracting more and more attention. Nowadays, the numbers and scale of onshore wind farms are increasing. For onshore wind farms whose the layout of wind turbines (WT) have been identified, optimizing cable connection can further reduce the investment cost. The cable connection layout and the substation location are determined together. Final cable connection should take the substation location into account to reduce the cable costs which occupy a large proportion in wind farm construction cost. The construction site of onshore wind farm is often not on the flat ground. To get more reasonable results, a method to get the final cable connection which optimized by minimum spanning tree is proposed in this paper under the consideration of the topographic conditions. At the same time, the position of the substation is also determined. The final results show that the cable connection obtained by this method is more economical.
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optimisation of offshore wind farm cable connection layout considering levelised production cost using dynamic minimum spanning tree algorithm
Iet Renewable Power Generation, 2016Co-Authors: Peng Hou, Cong Chen, Zhe ChenAbstract:The approach in this study has been developed to optimise the cable connection layout of large-scale offshore wind farms. The objective is to minimise the levelised production cost (LPC) of an offshore wind farm by optimising the cable connection configuration. On the basis of the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm, an improved algorithm, the dynamic MST algorithm is proposed. The current carrying capacity of the cable is considered to be the main constraint and the cable sectional area is changed dynamically. An irregular shaped wind farm is chosen as the studied case and the results are compared with the layout obtained by a traditional MST algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method is an effective way for offshore wind farm collection system layout design.
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Optimisation for offshore wind farm cable connection layout using adaptive particle swarm optimisation minimum spanning tree method
IET Renewable Power Generation, 2016Co-Authors: Weihao Hu, Zhe ChenAbstract:The wind farm layout optimisation problem is similar to the classic mathematical problem of finding the minimum spanning tree (MST) of a weighted undirected graph. Due to the cable current-carrying capacity limitation, the cable sectional area should be carefully selected to meet the system operational requirement and this constraint should be considered during the MST formulation process. Hence, traditional MST algorithm cannot ensure a minimal cable investment layout. In this study, a new method to optimise the offshore wind farm cable connection layout is presented. The algorithm is formulated based on the concept of MST and further improved by adaptive particle swarm optimisation algorithm. Since the location of the offshore substation (OS) has a significant impact on both the layout formulation and total cost of cables, the optimised location of OS is expected to be found together with the optimised cable connection layout. The proposed method is compared with the MST and dynamic MST methods and simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Weihao Hu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Hybrid Cable Connection Structure for Wind Farms With Reliability Consideration
IEEE Access, 2019Co-Authors: Junxian Li, Xiawei Wu, Weihao Hu, Qi Huang, Zhou Liu, Zhe ChenAbstract:The collector system in wind farm has a large number of cables. When one of the cable fails, the power generated by the wind turbine (WT) cannot be collected into the substation through the faulty cable. That would make the profits for the wind farm reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to find a more reliable cable structure, which can transfer power as much as possible even if the cable failure occurs. In this paper, a new cable connection method is proposed in two main steps to improve both the reliability of the cable connection and the economic. Two different wind farms with the same climatological information and high voltage substation location are investigated and compared in the case study. In the first step, the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm is adopted to connect all wind turbines (WTs) to the substation. The cables used in collector system are the 33-kV middle voltage alternating current (MVAC) cables. Then the power production generated by WTs is transmitted from substation to the high voltage substation via a 132-kV transmission cable. The initial cable connection layout is obtained in the first step and the total trenching length is optimized to be minimum. In addition, cable selection in each branch can be determined based on the cable current carrying capacity. In the second step, reliability assessment is implemented by analyzing the expected energy not supplied (EENS). Based on EENS, the evaluation index ${LPC}_{rel}$ is obtained. This index takes both reliability and economy into account. Additional cables found by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are added to the initial cable connection layout. Finally, a cable layout called hybrid structure is formed. What is more, by adding additional cables, the ${LPC}_{rel}$ is reduced by 1.5%. The simulation results clearly indicate that the proposed method is better when the cable failure is considered.
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Substation Location and Cable Connection Optimization of Onshore Wind Farms Using Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm
2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2018Co-Authors: Junxian Li, Xiawei Wu, Weihao Hu, Qi Huang, Zhe ChenAbstract:Due to the high investment cost, high maintenance costs, and vulnerability to climate impacts of offshore wind farm, large onshore wind farms are attracting more and more attention. Nowadays, the numbers and scale of onshore wind farms are increasing. For onshore wind farms whose the layout of wind turbines (WT) have been identified, optimizing cable connection can further reduce the investment cost. The cable connection layout and the substation location are determined together. Final cable connection should take the substation location into account to reduce the cable costs which occupy a large proportion in wind farm construction cost. The construction site of onshore wind farm is often not on the flat ground. To get more reasonable results, a method to get the final cable connection which optimized by minimum spanning tree is proposed in this paper under the consideration of the topographic conditions. At the same time, the position of the substation is also determined. The final results show that the cable connection obtained by this method is more economical.
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Optimisation for offshore wind farm cable connection layout using adaptive particle swarm optimisation minimum spanning tree method
IET Renewable Power Generation, 2016Co-Authors: Weihao Hu, Zhe ChenAbstract:The wind farm layout optimisation problem is similar to the classic mathematical problem of finding the minimum spanning tree (MST) of a weighted undirected graph. Due to the cable current-carrying capacity limitation, the cable sectional area should be carefully selected to meet the system operational requirement and this constraint should be considered during the MST formulation process. Hence, traditional MST algorithm cannot ensure a minimal cable investment layout. In this study, a new method to optimise the offshore wind farm cable connection layout is presented. The algorithm is formulated based on the concept of MST and further improved by adaptive particle swarm optimisation algorithm. Since the location of the offshore substation (OS) has a significant impact on both the layout formulation and total cost of cables, the optimised location of OS is expected to be found together with the optimised cable connection layout. The proposed method is compared with the MST and dynamic MST methods and simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Offshore substation locating in wind farms based on prim algorithm
2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 2015Co-Authors: Weihao Hu, Zhe ChenAbstract:The investment of offshore wind farm is large while the cost on electrical system can take up to 15% of the total costs. In order to reduce the cost, it is desirable to optimize the electrical system layout in design phase. Since the location of offshore substation (OS) is highly related to the electrical system layout, the optimal layout design work should be done with the consideration of the impact of the location of offshore substation on the submarine cable connection layout to minimize the investment of cables. This paper addresses a new method to optimize the OS location together with the cable connection layout. The results show that the proposed method is an effective way for offshore wind farm cable connection layout design.
Peng Hou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simultaneous Optimisation of Cable Connection Schemes and Capacity for Offshore Wind Farms via a Modified Bat Algorithm
'MDPI AG', 2019Co-Authors: Peng Hou, Liang Yang, Guangya YangAbstract:Offshore wind energy has attracted worldwide attention and investments in the last decade due to the stability and abundance of wind resources. As one of the main components of this, internal array cables have a great impact on the levelised cost of energy of offshore wind farms, and thus their connection layout is a matter of concern. In this paper, a classical mathematical problem—the traveling salesman problem, which belongs to the field of graph theory—is applied to solve the offshore wind farm cable connection layout optimization problem. Both the capital investment on cables, cable laying, and the cost of power losses associated with array cables are considered in the proposed model. A modified bat algorithm is presented to resolve the problem. Furthermore, a cable crossing detection method is also adopted to avoid obtaining crossed cable connection layouts. The effectiveness was verified through a case study
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optimisation of offshore wind farm cable connection layout considering levelised production cost using dynamic minimum spanning tree algorithm
Iet Renewable Power Generation, 2016Co-Authors: Peng Hou, Cong Chen, Zhe ChenAbstract:The approach in this study has been developed to optimise the cable connection layout of large-scale offshore wind farms. The objective is to minimise the levelised production cost (LPC) of an offshore wind farm by optimising the cable connection configuration. On the basis of the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm, an improved algorithm, the dynamic MST algorithm is proposed. The current carrying capacity of the cable is considered to be the main constraint and the cable sectional area is changed dynamically. An irregular shaped wind farm is chosen as the studied case and the results are compared with the layout obtained by a traditional MST algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method is an effective way for offshore wind farm collection system layout design.
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offshore wind farm cable connection configuration optimization using dynamic minimum spanning tree algorithm
International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2015Co-Authors: Peng Hou, Zhe ChenAbstract:A new approach, Dynamic Minimal Spanning Tree (DMST) algorithm, which is based on the MST algorithm is proposed in this paper to optimize the cable connection layout for large scale offshore wind farm collection system. The current carrying capacity of the cable is considered as the main constraint. The dynamic changing of the cable capacity, therefore, the cost during the searching process is presented in this work. Two wind farms are chosen as the studied case and the final results show that the proposed method can save the investment on cables 1.07% and 6.10% respectively compared with MST method. It is a more economical way for cable connection configuration design of offshore wind farm collection system.
Matthias Wolf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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engineering negative cycle canceling for wind farm cabling
arXiv: Data Structures and Algorithms, 2019Co-Authors: Sascha Gritzbach, Torsten Ueckerdt, Dorothea Wagner, Franziska Wegner, Matthias WolfAbstract:In a wind farm turbines convert wind energy into electrical energy. The generation of each turbine is transmitted, possibly via other turbines, to a substation that is connected to the power grid. On every possible interconnection there can be at most one of various different cable types. Each type comes with a cost per unit length and with a capacity. Designing a cost-minimal cable layout for a wind farm to feed all turbine production into the power grid is called the Wind Farm Cabling Problem (WCP). We consider a formulation of WCP as a flow problem on a graph where the cost of a flow on an edge is modeled by a step function originating from the cable types. Recently, we presented a proof-of-concept for a negative cycle canceling-based algorithm for WCP [14]. We extend key steps of that heuristic and build a theoretical foundation that explains how this heuristic tackles the problems arising from the special structure of WCP. A thorough experimental evaluation identifies the best setup of the algorithm and compares it to existing methods from the literature such as Mixed-integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Simulated Annealing (SA). The heuristic runs in a range of half a millisecond to approximately one and a half minutes on instances with up to 500 turbines. It provides solutions of similar quality compared to both competitors with running times of one hour and one day. When comparing the solution quality after a running time of two seconds, our algorithm outperforms the MILP- and SA-approaches, which allows it to be applied in interactive wind farm planning.
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engineering negative cycle canceling for wind farm cabling
European Symposium on Algorithms, 2019Co-Authors: Sascha Gritzbach, Torsten Ueckerdt, Dorothea Wagner, Franziska Wegner, Matthias WolfAbstract:In a wind farm turbines convert wind energy into electrical energy. The generation of each turbine is transmitted, possibly via other turbines, to a substation that is connected to the power grid. On every possible interconnection there can be at most one of various different cable types. Each cable type comes with a cost per unit length and with a capacity. Designing a cost-minimal cable layout for a wind farm to feed all turbine production into the power grid is called the Wind Farm Cabling Problem (WCP). We consider a formulation of WCP as a flow problem on a graph where the cost of a flow on an edge is modeled by a step function originating from the cable types. Recently, we presented a proof-of-concept for a negative cycle canceling-based algorithm for WCP [Sascha Gritzbach et al., 2018]. We extend key steps of that heuristic and build a theoretical foundation that explains how this heuristic tackles the problems arising from the special structure of WCP. A thorough experimental evaluation identifies the best setup of the algorithm and compares it to existing methods from the literature such as Mixed-integer Linear Programming (MILP) and Simulated Annealing (SA). The heuristic runs in a range of half a millisecond to under two minutes on instances with up to 500 turbines. It provides solutions of similar quality compared to both competitors with running times of one hour and one day. When comparing the solution quality after a running time of two seconds, our algorithm outperforms the MILP- and SA-approaches, which allows it to be applied in interactive wind farm planning.
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Towards negative cycle canceling in wind farm cable layout optimization
Energy Informatics, 2018Co-Authors: Sascha Gritzbach, Torsten Ueckerdt, Dorothea Wagner, Franziska Wegner, Matthias WolfAbstract:In the Wind Farm Cabling Problem ( WCP ) the task is to design the internal cabling of a wind farm such that all power from the turbines can be transmitted to the substations and the costs for the cabling are minimized. Cables can be chosen from several available cable types, each of which has a thermal capacity and cost. Until now, solution approaches mainly use Mixed-integer Linear Program s ( MILP ) or metaheuristics. We present our current state of research on a fast heuristic specifically designed for WCP . We introduce an algorithm that iteratively improves a cable layout by finding and canceling negative cycles in a suitably defined network. Our simulations on publicly available benchmark sets show that the heuristic is not only fast but it tends to produce good results. Currently our algorithm gives better solutions on large wind farms compared to an MILP solver. However, on small to medium instances the solver performs better in terms of solution quality, which represents a starting point for future work.
Cong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cable routing optimization for offshore wind power plants via wind scenarios considering power loss cost model
Applied Energy, 2019Co-Authors: Guangya Yang, Cong Chen, Yuanhang Qi, Zhe ChenAbstract:Abstract Offshore wind power plants have been considered as one of the fastest-growing types of renewable energy technologies that is superior to the onshore wind farms with low impacts on habitat, better wind condition, higher energy efficiency, etc. The cost of submarine cables takes a significant proportion of the overall capital cost for a large-scale offshore wind farm, rendering the task of optimization of electrical infrastructure a critical role in modern wind farm design. With the increasing capacity and offshore distance, the impact of power losses in the cables on the economic performance of the wind farm becomes significant. Therefore, both the investment on the cables and the cost from the associated energy loss need to be considered in the optimization model. In this work, a detailed power loss cost model accounting for the wake effect’s impact on the wind turbine output is proposed. The cable cost and the associated power losses cost are considered in the objective function. The offshore substation location, cable connection layout, and cable sectional area are optimized simultaneously while ensuring an uncrossed cable connection layout via a line segment intersection detection algorithm. Due to the non-convexity of the optimization model, an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted. The proposed method was validated through a case of a real offshore wind farm, where the simulation results show that the cable connection layout formulation and sectional area selection varies significantly when different power loss model is applied. A 3.14% total cost reduction can be achieved by using the proposed method compared with the case without the power loss model.
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optimisation of offshore wind farm cable connection layout considering levelised production cost using dynamic minimum spanning tree algorithm
Iet Renewable Power Generation, 2016Co-Authors: Peng Hou, Cong Chen, Zhe ChenAbstract:The approach in this study has been developed to optimise the cable connection layout of large-scale offshore wind farms. The objective is to minimise the levelised production cost (LPC) of an offshore wind farm by optimising the cable connection configuration. On the basis of the minimum spanning tree (MST) algorithm, an improved algorithm, the dynamic MST algorithm is proposed. The current carrying capacity of the cable is considered to be the main constraint and the cable sectional area is changed dynamically. An irregular shaped wind farm is chosen as the studied case and the results are compared with the layout obtained by a traditional MST algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method is an effective way for offshore wind farm collection system layout design.
