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Steven B. Heymsfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fat Free Mass index changes and race ethnic differences in adulthood
    International Journal of Obesity, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jack Wang, John C. Thornton, Richard N. Pierson, Hr R. Hull, Z. Kaleem, Xavier Pisunyer, Steven B. Heymsfield
    Abstract:

    Nutritional status is assessed by measuring BMI or percent body Fat (%Fat). BMI can misclassify persons who carry more weight as Fat-Free Mass and %Fat can be misleading in cases of malnutrition or in disease states characterized by wasting of lean tissue. The Fat-Free Mass index (FFMI) is proposed to assess body composition in individuals who have a similar body composition but differ in height allowing identification of those suffering from malnutrition, wasting or those that possess a relatively high muscle Mass. The purpose was to determine whether the FFMI differs in a group of racially/ethnically diverse adults. Cross-sectional. Subjects were a multi-ethnic sample (Caucasian, CA; African American, AA; Hispanic, HIS and Asian, AS) of 1339 healthy males (n=480) and females (n=859) ranging in age from 18—110 years. Total body Fat, total Fat-Free Mass and bone mineral density were estimated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. FFMI differed among the four ethnic groups (P⩽0.05) for both genders. A curvilinear relationship was found between age and FFMI for both genders although the coefficients in the quadratic model differed between genders (P⩽0.001) indicating the rate of change in FFMI differed between genders. The estimated turning point where FFMI started to decline was in the mid 20s for male and mid 40s for female participants. An age × gender interaction was found such that the rate of decline was greater in male than female participants (P⩽0.001). For both genders, FFMI was greatest in AA and the least in AS (P⩽0.001). There was no significant interaction between race and age or age2 (P=0.06). However, male participants consistently had a greater FFMI than female participants (P⩽0.001). These findings have clinical implications for identifying individuals who may not be recognized as being malnourished based on their BMI or %Fat but whose Fat-Free Mass corrected for height is relatively low.

  • Fat-Free Mass index: changes and race/ethnic differences in adulthood.
    International Journal of Obesity, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hr R. Hull, Jack Wang, John C. Thornton, Richard N. Pierson, Z. Kaleem, Xavier Pi-sunyer, Steven B. Heymsfield, Jeanine Albu, Jose R. Fernandez, Tb B. Vanitallie
    Abstract:

    Nutritional status is assessed by measuring BMI or percent body Fat (%Fat). BMI can misclassify persons who carry more weight as Fat-Free Mass and %Fat can be misleading in cases of malnutrition or in disease states characterized by wasting of lean tissue. The Fat-Free Mass index (FFMI) is proposed to assess body composition in individuals who have a similar body composition but differ in height allowing identification of those suffering from malnutrition, wasting or those that possess a relatively high muscle Mass. The purpose was to determine whether the FFMI differs in a group of racially/ethnically diverse adults. Cross-sectional. Subjects were a multi-ethnic sample (Caucasian, CA; African American, AA; Hispanic, HIS and Asian, AS) of 1339 healthy males (n=480) and females (n=859) ranging in age from 18—110 years. Total body Fat, total Fat-Free Mass and bone mineral density were estimated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. FFMI differed among the four ethnic groups (P⩽0.05) for both genders. A curvilinear relationship was found between age and FFMI for both genders although the coefficients in the quadratic model differed between genders (P⩽0.001) indicating the rate of change in FFMI differed between genders. The estimated turning point where FFMI started to decline was in the mid 20s for male and mid 40s for female participants. An age × gender interaction was found such that the rate of decline was greater in male than female participants (P⩽0.001). For both genders, FFMI was greatest in AA and the least in AS (P⩽0.001). There was no significant interaction between race and age or age2 (P=0.06). However, male participants consistently had a greater FFMI than female participants (P⩽0.001). These findings have clinical implications for identifying individuals who may not be recognized as being malnourished based on their BMI or %Fat but whose Fat-Free Mass corrected for height is relatively low.

  • Metabolically active portion of Fat-Free Mass: a cellular body composition level modeling analysis
    American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2007
    Co-Authors: Zimian Wang, Jack Wang, Paul Deurenberg, Stanley Heshka, Dympna Gallagher, Zhao Chen, Steven B. Heymsfield
    Abstract:

    The proportion of Fat-Free Mass (FFM) as body cell Mass (BCM) is highly related to whole body resting energy expenditure. However, the magnitude of BCM/FFM may have been underestimated in previous ...

  • Cellular-level body composition model. A new approach to studying Fat-Free Mass hydration.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006
    Co-Authors: Zimian Wang, Paul Deurenberg, Steven B. Heymsfield
    Abstract:

    Fat-Free Mass hydration, the ratio of total body water (TBW) to Fat-Free Mass (FFM), is stable at approximately 0.73 in mammals, and this constancy provides a means of estimating total body Fat in vivo. As there is no mechanistic theory to explain the magnitude and variability in TBW/FFM, the present investigation describes a cellular-level model indicating that FFM hydration is determined by four factors: body cell Mass hydration, extracellular fluid hydration, ratio of extracellular solids to TBW, and ratio of extracellular water to intracellular water. According to the model, TBW/FFM can be predicted for adult humans as a mean of 0.73, and a variation range 0.69-0.77. The suggested modeling approach provides a conceptual framework for TBW-Fat estimation method and identifies important areas that remain to be studied.

Hr R. Hull - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fat Free Mass index changes and race ethnic differences in adulthood
    International Journal of Obesity, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jack Wang, John C. Thornton, Richard N. Pierson, Hr R. Hull, Z. Kaleem, Xavier Pisunyer, Steven B. Heymsfield
    Abstract:

    Nutritional status is assessed by measuring BMI or percent body Fat (%Fat). BMI can misclassify persons who carry more weight as Fat-Free Mass and %Fat can be misleading in cases of malnutrition or in disease states characterized by wasting of lean tissue. The Fat-Free Mass index (FFMI) is proposed to assess body composition in individuals who have a similar body composition but differ in height allowing identification of those suffering from malnutrition, wasting or those that possess a relatively high muscle Mass. The purpose was to determine whether the FFMI differs in a group of racially/ethnically diverse adults. Cross-sectional. Subjects were a multi-ethnic sample (Caucasian, CA; African American, AA; Hispanic, HIS and Asian, AS) of 1339 healthy males (n=480) and females (n=859) ranging in age from 18—110 years. Total body Fat, total Fat-Free Mass and bone mineral density were estimated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. FFMI differed among the four ethnic groups (P⩽0.05) for both genders. A curvilinear relationship was found between age and FFMI for both genders although the coefficients in the quadratic model differed between genders (P⩽0.001) indicating the rate of change in FFMI differed between genders. The estimated turning point where FFMI started to decline was in the mid 20s for male and mid 40s for female participants. An age × gender interaction was found such that the rate of decline was greater in male than female participants (P⩽0.001). For both genders, FFMI was greatest in AA and the least in AS (P⩽0.001). There was no significant interaction between race and age or age2 (P=0.06). However, male participants consistently had a greater FFMI than female participants (P⩽0.001). These findings have clinical implications for identifying individuals who may not be recognized as being malnourished based on their BMI or %Fat but whose Fat-Free Mass corrected for height is relatively low.

  • Fat-Free Mass index: changes and race/ethnic differences in adulthood.
    International Journal of Obesity, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hr R. Hull, Jack Wang, John C. Thornton, Richard N. Pierson, Z. Kaleem, Xavier Pi-sunyer, Steven B. Heymsfield, Jeanine Albu, Jose R. Fernandez, Tb B. Vanitallie
    Abstract:

    Nutritional status is assessed by measuring BMI or percent body Fat (%Fat). BMI can misclassify persons who carry more weight as Fat-Free Mass and %Fat can be misleading in cases of malnutrition or in disease states characterized by wasting of lean tissue. The Fat-Free Mass index (FFMI) is proposed to assess body composition in individuals who have a similar body composition but differ in height allowing identification of those suffering from malnutrition, wasting or those that possess a relatively high muscle Mass. The purpose was to determine whether the FFMI differs in a group of racially/ethnically diverse adults. Cross-sectional. Subjects were a multi-ethnic sample (Caucasian, CA; African American, AA; Hispanic, HIS and Asian, AS) of 1339 healthy males (n=480) and females (n=859) ranging in age from 18—110 years. Total body Fat, total Fat-Free Mass and bone mineral density were estimated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. FFMI differed among the four ethnic groups (P⩽0.05) for both genders. A curvilinear relationship was found between age and FFMI for both genders although the coefficients in the quadratic model differed between genders (P⩽0.001) indicating the rate of change in FFMI differed between genders. The estimated turning point where FFMI started to decline was in the mid 20s for male and mid 40s for female participants. An age × gender interaction was found such that the rate of decline was greater in male than female participants (P⩽0.001). For both genders, FFMI was greatest in AA and the least in AS (P⩽0.001). There was no significant interaction between race and age or age2 (P=0.06). However, male participants consistently had a greater FFMI than female participants (P⩽0.001). These findings have clinical implications for identifying individuals who may not be recognized as being malnourished based on their BMI or %Fat but whose Fat-Free Mass corrected for height is relatively low.

Annette Peters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • relation of body Fat Mass and Fat Free Mass to total mortality results from 7 prospective cohort studies
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021
    Co-Authors: Anja M Sedlmeier, Sebastian E Baumeister, Andrea Weber, Beate Fischer, Barbara Thorand, Till Ittermann, Marcus Dorr, Stephan B Felix, Henry Volzke, Annette Peters
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass may play independent roles in mortality risk but available studies on body composition have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the relations of body Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass to risk of mortality. METHODS In pooled data from 7 prospective cohorts encompassing 16,155 individuals aged 20 to 93 y (median, 44 y), we used Cox regression and restricted cubic splines to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the relation of body composition, measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, to total mortality. We adjusted for age, study, sex, ethnicity, history of diabetes mellitus, education, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 14 y (range, 3-21 y), 1347 deaths were identified. After mutual adjustment for Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass, Fat Mass showed a J-shaped association with mortality (overall P value < 0.001; P for nonlinearity = 0.003). Using a Fat Mass index of 7.3 kg/m2 as the reference, a high Fat Mass index of 13.0 kg/m2 was associated with an HR of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.30, 1.87). In contrast, Fat-Free Mass showed an inverse association with mortality (overall P value < 0.001; P for nonlinearity = 0.001). Compared with a low Fat-Free Mass index of 16.1 kg/m2, a high Fat-Free Mass of 21.9 kg/m2 was associated with an HR of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.87). CONCLUSIONS Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass show opposing associations with mortality. Excess Fat Mass is related to increased mortality risk, whereas Fat-Free Mass protects against risk of mortality. These findings suggest that body composition provides important prognostic information on an individual's mortality risk not provided by traditional proxies of adiposity such as BMI.

  • Relation of body Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass to total mortality: results from 7 prospective cohort studies.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021
    Co-Authors: Anja M Sedlmeier, Sebastian E Baumeister, Andrea Weber, Beate Fischer, Barbara Thorand, Till Ittermann, Marcus Dorr, Stephan B Felix, Henry Volzke, Annette Peters
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass may play independent roles in mortality risk but available studies on body composition have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the relations of body Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass to risk of mortality. METHODS In pooled data from 7 prospective cohorts encompassing 16,155 individuals aged 20 to 93 y (median, 44 y), we used Cox regression and restricted cubic splines to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the relation of body composition, measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, to total mortality. We adjusted for age, study, sex, ethnicity, history of diabetes mellitus, education, smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 14 y (range, 3-21 y), 1347 deaths were identified. After mutual adjustment for Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass, Fat Mass showed a J-shaped association with mortality (overall P value 

Lars Sjöström - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Alan N. Howard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of changes of water and electrolytes on the validity of conventional methods of measuring Fat-Free Mass.
    Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 1991
    Co-Authors: David A. Brodie, Roger G. Eston, A. Coxon, S. N. Kreitzman, Harold R. Stockdale, Alan N. Howard
    Abstract:

    Fat-Free Mass was measured by hydrodensitometry, electrical impedance and total body potassium before and after water and electrolyte loss induced by (a) the administration of the diuretic frusemide, and (b) sweat loss. All methods of measuring Fat-Free Mass were shown by pilot experiments to have procedural reliability. The diuretic caused a reduction in apparent Fat-Free Mass of 2.63 kg by the impedance method, of 2.33 kg by hydrodensitometry and of 1.8 kg by total body potassium. Water and electrolyte loss from sweating caused a Fat-Free loss of 2.3 kg, 2.7 kg and 1.3 kg by the same three procedures. Urinary potassium accounted for about one fifth of the observed 40K Fat-Free Mass loss. Each method was thus clearly sensitive to the induced water loss. These data suggest that in evaluating the composition of weight loss, existing methods of measuring body composition do not distinguish between water and other more critical components of Fat-Free Mass. It is thus essential that stable hydration levels are established for any longitudinal comparison of weight loss by these methods.