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Joel Brockner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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procedural fairness outcome Favorability and judgments of an authority s responsibility
Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Joel Brockner, Ariel Y Fishman, Jochen Reb, Barry M Goldman, Scott Spiegel, Charlee GardenAbstract:Fairness theory (R. Folger & R. Cropanzano, 1998, 2001) postulates that, particularly in the face of unfavorable outcomes, employees judge an organizational authority to be more responsible for their outcomes when the authority exhibits lower procedural fairness. Three studies lent empirical support to this notion. Furthermore, 2 of the studies showed that attributions of responsibility to the authority mediated the relationship between the authority's procedural fairness and employees' reactions to unfavorable outcomes. The findings (a) provide support for a key assumption of fairness theory, (b) help to account for the pervasive interactive effect of procedural fairness and outcome Favorability on employees' attitudes and behaviors, and (c) contribute to an emerging trend in justice research concerned with how people use procedural fairness information to make attributions of responsibility for their outcomes. Practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research also are discussed.
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when is it a pleasure to do business with you the effects of relative status outcome Favorability and procedural fairness
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2003Co-Authors: Yaru Chen, Joel Brockner, Jerald GreenbergAbstract:Abstract Previous research on encounters between parties of differing status tend to examine the influence of the higher status party (e.g., managers) on the lower status party (e.g., their direct reports), rather than the other way around. We suggest that it is important to examine the reactions of both higher and lower status parties (e.g., their desire for future interaction) to their encounters with one another. Furthermore, both parties’ relative status is hypothesized to influence their desire for future interaction with one another, in conjunction with the outcome Favorability associated with the encounter and the other’s procedural fairness. This hypothesis was tested in a pilot study as well as in two full-scale studies. All three studies showed that outcome Favorability and procedural fairness interacted to influence participants’ desire for future interaction with the other party. However, the nature of the interactive relationship differed as a function of participants’ relative status. For lower status people, high procedural fairness reduced the positive relationship between outcome Favorability and their desire for future interaction with the other party, relative to when procedural fairness was low. For higher status people, high procedural fairness heightened the positive relationship between outcome Favorability and desire for future interaction, relative to when procedural fairness was low. Implications for the literatures on relationships in work organizations, organizational justice, and status are discussed.
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high procedural fairness heightens the effect of outcome Favorability on self evaluations an attributional analysis
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2003Co-Authors: Joel Brockner, Kees Van Den Bos, Riel Vermunt, Larry Heuer, Nace R Magner, Robert Folger, Elizabeth E Umphress, Mary Magner, Phyllis A SiegelAbstract:Abstract Previous research has shown that outcome Favorability and procedural fairness often interact to influence employees’ work attitudes and behaviors. Moreover, the form of the interaction effect depends upon the dependent variable. Relative to when procedural fairness is low, high procedural fairness: (a) reduces the effect of outcome Favorability on employees’ appraisals of the system (e.g., organizational commitment), and (b) heightens the effect of outcome Favorability on employees’ evaluations of themselves (e.g., self-esteem). The present research provided external validity to the latter form of the interaction effect (Studies 1 and 4). We also found that the latter form of the interaction effect was based on people’s use of procedural fairness information to make self-attributions for their outcomes (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, both forms of the interaction effect were obtained in Study 4, suggesting that they are not mutually exclusive. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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making sense of procedural fairness how high procedural fairness can reduce or heighten the influence of outcome Favorability
Academy of Management Review, 2002Co-Authors: Joel BrocknerAbstract:I consider the interactive effects of procedural fairness and outcome Favorability on people's reactions to organizational decisions. When the dependent variable consists of employees' support for decisions, for decision makers, or for organizations, outcome Favorability has less influence when procedural fairness is high rather than low. When the dependent variable consists of employees' self-evaluations, however, outcome Favorability has more influence when procedural fairness is high rather than low. Explanations, implications, and future research directions are discussed.
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culture and procedural fairness when the effects of what you do depend on how you do it
Administrative Science Quarterly, 2000Co-Authors: Joel Brockner, Yaru Chen, Elizabeth A Mannix, Kwok Leung, Daniel P SkarlickiAbstract:Previous research has shown that procedural fairness and outcome Favorability interactively combine to influence people's reactions to their social exchanges. The tendency for people to respond mor...
Elizabeth J Opila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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part i theoretical predictions of preferential oxidation in refractory high entropy materials
Acta Materialia, 2020Co-Authors: Lavina Backman, Joshua Gild, Jian Luo, Elizabeth J OpilaAbstract:Abstract High entropy materials, which include high entropy alloys, carbides, and borides, are a topic of substantial research interest due to the possibility of a large number of new material compositions that could fill gaps in application needs. There is a current need for materials exhibiting high temperature stability, particularly oxidation resistance. A systematic understanding of the oxidation behavior in high entropy materials is therefore required. Prior work notes large differences in the thermodynamic Favorability between oxides formed upon oxidation of high entropy materials. This work uses both analytical and computational thermodynamic approaches to investigate and quantify the effects of this large variation and the resulting potential for preferential component oxidation in refractory high entropy materials including group IV-, V- and VI-element based alloys and ceramics. Thermodynamic calculations show that a large tendency towards preferential oxidation is expected in these materials, even for elements whose oxides exhibit a small difference in thermodynamic Favorability. The effect is reduced in carbides, compared to their alloy counterparts. Further, preferential oxidation in high entropy refractory materials could result in possible destabilization of the solid solution or formation of other, competing phases, with corresponding changes in bulk material properties.
Drew R Gentner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of molecular level compositional variability in organic aerosol on phase state and thermodynamic mixing behavior
Environmental Science & Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Jenna C Ditto, Peeyush Khare, Roger Sheu, Masayuki Takeuchi, Yunle Chen, Weiqi Xu, N L Ng, Drew R GentnerAbstract:The molecular-level composition and structure of organic aerosol (OA) affect its chemical/physical properties, transformations, and impacts. Here, we use the molecular-level chemical composition of functionalized OA from three diverse field sites to evaluate the effect of molecular-level compositional variability on OA phase state and thermodynamic mixing Favorability. For these ambient sites, modeled aerosol phase state ranges from liquid to semisolid. The observed variability in OA composition has some effect on resulting phase state, but other factors like the presence of inorganic ions, aerosol liquid water, and internal versus external mixing with water are determining factors in whether these particles exist as liquids, semisolids, or solids. Organic molecular composition plays a more important role in determining phase state for phase-separated (verus well-mixed) systems. Similarly, despite the observed OA compositional differences, the thermodynamic mixing Favorability for OA samples with aerosol ...
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effects of molecular level compositional variability in organic aerosol on phase state and thermodynamic mixing behavior
Environmental Science & Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Jenna C Ditto, Peeyush Khare, Roger Sheu, Masayuki Takeuchi, Yunle Chen, Drew R Gentner, Taekyu Joo, Alexander A T Bui, Yele SunAbstract:The molecular-level composition and structure of organic aerosol (OA) affect its chemical/physical properties, transformations, and impacts. Here, we use the molecular-level chemical composition of functionalized OA from three diverse field sites to evaluate the effect of molecular-level compositional variability on OA phase state and thermodynamic mixing Favorability. For these ambient sites, modeled aerosol phase state ranges from liquid to semisolid. The observed variability in OA composition has some effect on resulting phase state, but other factors like the presence of inorganic ions, aerosol liquid water, and internal versus external mixing with water are determining factors in whether these particles exist as liquids, semisolids, or solids. Organic molecular composition plays a more important role in determining phase state for phase-separated (verus well-mixed) systems. Similarly, despite the observed OA compositional differences, the thermodynamic mixing Favorability for OA samples with aerosol liquid water, isoprene oxidation products, or monoterpene oxidation products remains fairly consistent within each campaign. Mixing of filter-sampled OA and isoprene or monoterpene oxidation products is often favorable in both seasons, while mixing with water is generally unfavorable.
Michael Wenzel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceived distributive fairness of european transfer payments and eu taxes in austria the czech republic and the united kingdom
Applied Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Martina Hartnertiefenthaler, Silvia Rechberger, Erich Kirchler, Bettina Kubicek, Michael WenzelAbstract:The present research compared a distributive fairness model of EU transfer payments (Hartner, Rechberger, Kirchler, & Wenzel, 2011) between three countries: Austria, the Czech Republic, and the UK. The model postulates an interplay between EU-tax compliance, distributive fairness, outcome Favorability as well as national and European identification. Results across countries showed that EU-tax compliance was positively related to distributive justice, which was in turn related to outcome Favorability and identification. National identifiers perceived EU membership as unfavorable in financial and socio-political terms, and thus considered the transfer payments as less fair. Dual identifiers perceived the socio-political outcomes as more favorable, and thus evaluated the transfer payments as fairer. Although the basic structure of the model was valid across all three countries, two country-specific results were found. First, in the UK individual tax paying behavior was influenced by outcome Favorability, whereas in Austria and the Czech Republic this relationship was mediated via distributive fairness. Second, in the Austrian sample, the differentiation between patriots and nationalists proved fruitful since nationalists considered the EU transfer payments as unfair, unlike patriots. In the UK and the Czech Republic the distinction between nationalists and patriots did not add any further information.
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perceived distributive fairness of eu transfer payments outcome Favorability identity and eu tax compliance
Law & Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Martina Hartner, Silvia Rechberger, Erich Kirchler, Michael WenzelAbstract:In a representative UK study (N = 1000) the link between distributive fairness perceptions, outcome Favorability, identity, and tax compliance was researched in the context of European transfer payments. Results showed that both forms of tax compliance (i.e., individual and collective EU-tax compliance) were influenced by perceived distributive fairness judgments of EU transfer payments. Fairness itself was related to perceived outcome Favorability (i.e., whether their own nation benefits from the EU in financial as well as socio-political terms). Additionally, national identifiers (i.e., people identifying with their own nation, but not with Europe) perceived EU membership as unbeneficial in financial as well as in socio-political terms and thus considered the transfer payments as less fair. Dual identifiers (i.e., people identifying with their own nation and with Europe) perceived the socio-political outcomes from EU membership as more beneficial and thus evaluated the transfer payments as fairer.
Raimundo Real - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Modelling Favourability for Invasive Species Encroachment to Identify Areas of Native Species Vulnerability
2020Co-Authors: David Romero, Raimundo Real, José C Báez, Francisco Ferri-yáñez, Jesús J Bellido, Garcia -gonzalez, A Robins, A SurmackiAbstract:We assessed the vulnerability of the native Mediterranean pond turtle to encroachment by the invasive red-eared slider in southern Spain. We first obtained an ecogeographical favourability model for the Mediterranean pond turtle. We then modelled the presence/absence of the red-eared slider in the Mediterranean pond turtle range and obtained an encroachment favourability model. We also obtained a favourability model for the red-eared slider using the ecogeographical favourability for the Mediterranean pond turtle as a predictor. When favourability for the Mediterranean pond turtle was high, favourability for the red-eared slider was low, suggesting that in these areas the Mediterranean pond turtle may resist encroachment by the red-eared slider. We also calculated favourability overlap between the two species, which is their simultaneous favourability. Grids with low overlap had higher favourability values for the Mediterranean pond turtle and, consequently, were of lesser conservation concern. A few grids had high values for both species, being potentially suitable for coexistence. Grids with intermediate overlap had similar intermediate favourability values for both species and were therefore areas where the Mediterranean pond turtle was more vulnerable to encroachment by the red-eared slider. We mapped the favourability overlap to provide a map of vulnerability of the Mediterranean pond turtle to encroachment by the red-eared slider
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Research Article Modelling Favourability for Invasive Species Encroachment to Identify Areas of Native Species Vulnerability
2016Co-Authors: David Romero, José C Báez, Francisco Ferri-yáñez, Jesús J Bellido, Raimundo RealAbstract:Copyright © 2014 David Romero et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We assessed the vulnerability of the native Mediterranean pond turtle to encroachment by the invasive red-eared slider in southern Spain. We first obtained an ecogeographical favourability model for the Mediterranean pond turtle. We then modelled the presence/absence of the red-eared slider in the Mediterranean pond turtle range and obtained an encroachment favourability model.We also obtained a favourabilitymodel for the red-eared slider using the ecogeographical favourability for theMediterranean pond turtle as a predictor. When favourability for the Mediterranean pond turtle was high, favourability for the red-eared slider was low, suggesting that in these areas the Mediterranean pond turtle may resist encroachment by the red-eared slider. We also calculated favourability overlap between the two species, which is their simultaneous favourability. Grids with low overlap had higher favourability values for the Mediterranean pond turtle and, consequently, were of lesser conservation concern. A few grids had high values for both species, being potentially suitable for coexistence. Grids with intermediate overlap had similar intermediate favourability values for both species and were therefore areas where the Mediterranean pond turtle was more vulnerable t
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Macro-environmental modelling of the current distribution of Undaria pinnatifida (Laminariales, Ochrophyta) in northern Iberia
Biological Invasions, 2010Co-Authors: José C Báez, Francisco Ferri-yáñez, Jesús Olivero, César Peteiro, Carlos Garcia-soto, Raimundo RealAbstract:The Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida was first reported in north-western Spain in 1988. Since then, it has spread along the Galician coasts and towards the western Cantrabrian coast, probably supported by new introductions related to aquaculture and private yachts. Despite the high potential of this seaweed to invade new areas, it has not fully established itself in specific areas along the eastern Cantabrian coast where it has been farmed. We attempted to identify the macro-environmental determinants for the successful establishment of U. pinnatifida in the northern Iberian coast. Thus, we built a model based on the significant relationships between this kelp and several environmental factors using the Favourability Function, a method based on binary logistic regression. We obtained a statistically significant Favourability model where the chlorophyll concentration in summer was the most influential variable and the photosynthetically active radiation in spring was a secondary variable that best characterized the presence of U. pinnatifida . The ecological implications are discussed.
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conservation biogeography of ecologically interacting species the case of the iberian lynx and the european rabbit
Diversity and Distributions, 2009Co-Authors: Raimundo Real, Alejandro Rodriguez, Marcia A Barbosa, Francisco Jose Garcia, Mario J Vargas, Javier L Palomo, Miguel DelibesAbstract:Aim To relate the recent Iberian lynx decline to changes in the distribution of the European rabbit after the haemorrhagic disease outbreak of 1989. As Iberian rabbits evolved in two geographically separated lineages, being the recent lynx range practically restricted to the southwestern lineage, we also test if differential range dynamics exists for these lineages, with the consequent implications for lynx conservation and reintroduction planning. Location The Iberian Peninsula. Methods We modelled environmental favourability for the lynx based on its distribution before 1989, and for the rabbit using distribution data collected primarily after 1989, and validated them using independent abundance data. We compared both models and combined them in a lynx occurrence forecast. We correlated the prevalence of southwestern rabbit lineage with the environmental favourability for the rabbit. Results The environmental lynx model correlated with past lynx abundance data, but did not reflect its recent strong range contraction. The rabbit model correlated with recent rabbit abundance, but was negatively correlated with the environmental model for the lynx. The combination of both models forecasted lynx occurrence in a few separated nuclei, which encompass all recent lynx records. The prevalence of rabbit's southwestern lineage correlated negatively with favourability for the rabbit. Main conclusions The region to which the lynx became confined before 1989 is currently less favourable for rabbits, whereas more favourable areas remain outside lynx reach. This differential favourability correlates with rabbit phylogeographical structure, suggesting that the southwestern lineage is facing more unfavourable conditions or is less resilient to recent diseases. The loss of concordance between lynx distribution and the whole rabbit phylogeographical structure has prevented lynx persistence in northeastern rabbit lineage areas, which should be considered in lynx reintroduction planning. Similar conservation problems could affect other ecologically interacting species whose distributions’ overlapping has sharply diminished.
