The Experts below are selected from a list of 603 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Brandt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Correction to: Fear of Heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground.
Journal of neurology, 2020Co-Authors: Max Wuehr, Doreen Huppert, Katharina Breitkopf, J Decker, Gerardo Ibarra, Thomas BrandtAbstract:The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The surnames of all authors have been interchanged. The corrected author names are given below.
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correction to Fear of Heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground
Journal of Neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Max Wuehr, Doreen Huppert, Katharina Breitkopf, J Decker, Gerardo Ibarra, Thomas BrandtAbstract:: The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The surnames of all authors have been interchanged. The corrected author names are given below.
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Fear of Heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground
Journal of Neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Max Wuehr, Doreen Huppert, Katharina Breitkopf, J Decker, Gerardo Ibarra, Thomas BrandtAbstract:Recent epidemiological studies indicate that about one-third of the general population suffers from a more or less disabling height intolerance, with a relevant impact on quality of life in many of them. Acrophobia, the most severe form of visual height intolerance, has a life-time prevalence of around 5%. Although it is commonly believed that Fear of Heights should continuously aggravate with increasing elevation, this issue has not been systematically investigated yet. Here, we examined this topic using immersive virtual reality, an established tool in therapy for Fear of Heights, that allows to flexibly manipulate height stimuli. In a comprehensive cohort (including insusceptible subjects as well as subjects with height intolerance up to acrophobia) height intolerance severity was graded by an established metric scale (vHISS). Participants were randomly exposed to different virtual elevations using a head-mounted display. Behavioral responses to virtual height exposure were analogous to exposure in vivo. Participants exhibited increased anxiety and musculoskeletal stiffening with enhanced high-frequency body sway, to an extend that corresponded to the individual subjective height intolerance rating. For all behavioral responses, we observed a saturation above a certain altitude. Body sway and musculoskeletal stiffening became maximal at 20 m above ground, whereas anxiety saturated above 40 m. These results suggest that Fear of Heights is characterized by a nonlinear stimulus–response relationship and a dissociation between visual-height-induced bodily and emotional reactions.
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Fear of Heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground.
Journal of neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Max Wuehr, Doreen Huppert, Katharina Breitkopf, J Decker, Gerardo Ibarra, Thomas BrandtAbstract:Recent epidemiological studies indicate that about one-third of the general population suffers from a more or less disabling height intolerance, with a relevant impact on quality of life in many of them. Acrophobia, the most severe form of visual height intolerance, has a life-time prevalence of around 5%. Although it is commonly believed that Fear of Heights should continuously aggravate with increasing elevation, this issue has not been systematically investigated yet. Here, we examined this topic using immersive virtual reality, an established tool in therapy for Fear of Heights, that allows to flexibly manipulate height stimuli. In a comprehensive cohort (including insusceptible subjects as well as subjects with height intolerance up to acrophobia) height intolerance severity was graded by an established metric scale (vHISS). Participants were randomly exposed to different virtual elevations using a head-mounted display. Behavioral responses to virtual height exposure were analogous to exposure in vivo. Participants exhibited increased anxiety and musculoskeletal stiffening with enhanced high-frequency body sway, to an extend that corresponded to the individual subjective height intolerance rating. For all behavioral responses, we observed a saturation above a certain altitude. Body sway and musculoskeletal stiffening became maximal at 20 m above ground, whereas anxiety saturated above 40 m. These results suggest that Fear of Heights is characterized by a nonlinear stimulus-response relationship and a dissociation between visual-height-induced bodily and emotional reactions.
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Dizziness and vertigo syndromes viewed with a historical eye.
Journal of neurology, 2018Co-Authors: Doreen Huppert, Thomas BrandtAbstract:Seasickness, Fear of Heights, and adverse effects of alcohol were the major areas where descriptions of vertigo and dizziness were found in Roman, Greek, and Chinese texts from about 730 BC-600 AD. A few detailed accounts were suggestive of specific vestibular disorders such as Menière's attacks (Huangdi Neijing, the Yellow Thearch's Classic of Internal Medicine) or vestibular migraine (Aretaeus of Cappadocia). Further, the etymological and metaphorical meanings of the terms and their symptoms provide fascinating historical insights, e.g. Vespasian's feelings of dizzy exultations when becoming Emperor (69 AD) after Nero's suicide or the figurative meaning of German "Schwindel" (vertigo) derived from English "swindle" to express "financial fraud" in the Eighteenth century. The growth of knowledge of the vestibular system and its functions began primarily in the Nineteenth century. Erasmus Darwin, however, was ahead of his times. His work Zoonomia, or The Laws of Organic Life in 1794 described new dizziness syndromes and concepts of sensorimotor control including the mechanism of Fear of Heights as well as made early observations on positional alcohol vertigo. The latter is beautifully illustrated by the German poet and cartoonist Wilhelm Busch (1832-1908) who also documented the alleviating effect of the "morning after drink". The mechanism underlying positional alcohol vertigo, i.e., the differential gravities of alcohol and endolymph, was discovered later in the Nineteenth century. The first textbook on neurology (Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Menschen, 1840) by Moritz Romberg contained general descriptions of signs and symptoms of various conditions having the key symptom of vertigo, but no definition of vestibular disorders. Our current knowledge of vestibular function and disorders dates back to the seminal work of a group of Nineteenth century scientists, e.g., Jan Evangelista Purkinje, Ernst Mach, Josef Breuer, Hermann Helmholtz, and Alexander Crum-Brown.
Barbara Olasov Rothbaum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology - Virtual reality exposure therapy
The journal of psychotherapy practice and research, 2010Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Larry F Hodges, Rob KooperAbstract:It has been proposed that virtual reality (VR) exposure may be an alternative to standard in vivo exposure. Virtual reality integrates real-time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer- generated virtual environment. Virtual reality exposure is potentially an efficient and cost-effective treatment of anxiety disorders. VR exposure therapy reduced the Fear of Heights in the first controlled study of virtual reality in treatment of a psychiatric disorder. A case study supported the efficacy of VR exposure therapy for the Fear of flying. The potential for virtual reality exposure treatment for these and other disorders is explored, and therapeutic issues surrounding the delivery of VR exposure are discussed.
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VRTherapy
Pathological anxiety: Emotional processing in etiology and treatment, 2006Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov RothbaumAbstract:VIRTUAL REALITY EXPOSURE THERAPY\r\nThis chapter provides an overview of research supporting the use of virtual reality (VR) to help treat anxiety disorders, the rationale for its use, and future directions for the field. In this chapter, I will present data on the use of VR exposure therapy in the treatment of the Fear of Heights, the Fear of flying, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In general, these data support propositions about emotional processing and therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
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Virtual reality in the treatment of psychiatric disorders
CNS Spectrums, 2006Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov RothbaumAbstract:Virtual reality's (VR) application in psychiatry has come a long way since the first controlled study from 1995. That study was considered a "test balloon" by its authors to explore the use of VR in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, and it found that virtual reality exposure (VRE) therapy was more effective than the control for treatment of the Fear of Heights. More recently, VR has also been used for the treatment of substance use disorders by presenting in VR the substance cues that induce craving. An innovative use of VR in psychiatry combined the administration of a medication in combination with a precisely controlled VRE paradigm. The articles in this CNS Spectrums extend the applications of VR even further into neuropsychiatric domains. Together, the innovative researchers will give you a glimpse of the future in the applications of VR. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
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The use of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Behavior modification, 1999Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Larry F HodgesAbstract:One possible alternative to standard in vivo exposure may be virtual reality exposure. Virtual reality integrates real-time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer-generated virtual environment. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) is potentially an efficient and cost-effective treatment of anxiety disorders. VRE therapy has been successful in reducing the Fear of Heights in the first known controlled study of virtual reality in the treatment of a psychological disorder. Outcome was assessed on measures of anxiety, avoidance, attitudes, and distress. Significant group differences were found on all measures such that the VRE group was significantly improved at posttreatment but the control group was unchanged. The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy was also supported for the Fear of flying in a case study. The potential for virtual reality exposure treatment for these and other disorders is explored.
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Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy.
The Journal of psychotherapy practice and research, 1997Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, A. S. Rizzo, D. D. Mcdaniel, Rob Kooper, Larry Hodges, M. V. ZanovAbstract:This chapter provides an overview of research supporting the use of virtual reality (VR) to help treat anxiety disorders, the rationale for its use, and future directions for the field. In this chapter, I will present data on the use of VR exposure therapy in the treatment of the Fear of Heights, the Fear of flying, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In general, these data support propositions about emotional processing and therapy.
Doreen Huppert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Correction to: Fear of Heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground.
Journal of neurology, 2020Co-Authors: Max Wuehr, Doreen Huppert, Katharina Breitkopf, J Decker, Gerardo Ibarra, Thomas BrandtAbstract:The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The surnames of all authors have been interchanged. The corrected author names are given below.
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correction to Fear of Heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground
Journal of Neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Max Wuehr, Doreen Huppert, Katharina Breitkopf, J Decker, Gerardo Ibarra, Thomas BrandtAbstract:: The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The surnames of all authors have been interchanged. The corrected author names are given below.
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Fear of Heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground
Journal of Neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Max Wuehr, Doreen Huppert, Katharina Breitkopf, J Decker, Gerardo Ibarra, Thomas BrandtAbstract:Recent epidemiological studies indicate that about one-third of the general population suffers from a more or less disabling height intolerance, with a relevant impact on quality of life in many of them. Acrophobia, the most severe form of visual height intolerance, has a life-time prevalence of around 5%. Although it is commonly believed that Fear of Heights should continuously aggravate with increasing elevation, this issue has not been systematically investigated yet. Here, we examined this topic using immersive virtual reality, an established tool in therapy for Fear of Heights, that allows to flexibly manipulate height stimuli. In a comprehensive cohort (including insusceptible subjects as well as subjects with height intolerance up to acrophobia) height intolerance severity was graded by an established metric scale (vHISS). Participants were randomly exposed to different virtual elevations using a head-mounted display. Behavioral responses to virtual height exposure were analogous to exposure in vivo. Participants exhibited increased anxiety and musculoskeletal stiffening with enhanced high-frequency body sway, to an extend that corresponded to the individual subjective height intolerance rating. For all behavioral responses, we observed a saturation above a certain altitude. Body sway and musculoskeletal stiffening became maximal at 20 m above ground, whereas anxiety saturated above 40 m. These results suggest that Fear of Heights is characterized by a nonlinear stimulus–response relationship and a dissociation between visual-height-induced bodily and emotional reactions.
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Fear of Heights in virtual reality saturates 20 to 40 m above ground.
Journal of neurology, 2019Co-Authors: Max Wuehr, Doreen Huppert, Katharina Breitkopf, J Decker, Gerardo Ibarra, Thomas BrandtAbstract:Recent epidemiological studies indicate that about one-third of the general population suffers from a more or less disabling height intolerance, with a relevant impact on quality of life in many of them. Acrophobia, the most severe form of visual height intolerance, has a life-time prevalence of around 5%. Although it is commonly believed that Fear of Heights should continuously aggravate with increasing elevation, this issue has not been systematically investigated yet. Here, we examined this topic using immersive virtual reality, an established tool in therapy for Fear of Heights, that allows to flexibly manipulate height stimuli. In a comprehensive cohort (including insusceptible subjects as well as subjects with height intolerance up to acrophobia) height intolerance severity was graded by an established metric scale (vHISS). Participants were randomly exposed to different virtual elevations using a head-mounted display. Behavioral responses to virtual height exposure were analogous to exposure in vivo. Participants exhibited increased anxiety and musculoskeletal stiffening with enhanced high-frequency body sway, to an extend that corresponded to the individual subjective height intolerance rating. For all behavioral responses, we observed a saturation above a certain altitude. Body sway and musculoskeletal stiffening became maximal at 20 m above ground, whereas anxiety saturated above 40 m. These results suggest that Fear of Heights is characterized by a nonlinear stimulus-response relationship and a dissociation between visual-height-induced bodily and emotional reactions.
-
Dizziness and vertigo syndromes viewed with a historical eye.
Journal of neurology, 2018Co-Authors: Doreen Huppert, Thomas BrandtAbstract:Seasickness, Fear of Heights, and adverse effects of alcohol were the major areas where descriptions of vertigo and dizziness were found in Roman, Greek, and Chinese texts from about 730 BC-600 AD. A few detailed accounts were suggestive of specific vestibular disorders such as Menière's attacks (Huangdi Neijing, the Yellow Thearch's Classic of Internal Medicine) or vestibular migraine (Aretaeus of Cappadocia). Further, the etymological and metaphorical meanings of the terms and their symptoms provide fascinating historical insights, e.g. Vespasian's feelings of dizzy exultations when becoming Emperor (69 AD) after Nero's suicide or the figurative meaning of German "Schwindel" (vertigo) derived from English "swindle" to express "financial fraud" in the Eighteenth century. The growth of knowledge of the vestibular system and its functions began primarily in the Nineteenth century. Erasmus Darwin, however, was ahead of his times. His work Zoonomia, or The Laws of Organic Life in 1794 described new dizziness syndromes and concepts of sensorimotor control including the mechanism of Fear of Heights as well as made early observations on positional alcohol vertigo. The latter is beautifully illustrated by the German poet and cartoonist Wilhelm Busch (1832-1908) who also documented the alleviating effect of the "morning after drink". The mechanism underlying positional alcohol vertigo, i.e., the differential gravities of alcohol and endolymph, was discovered later in the Nineteenth century. The first textbook on neurology (Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Menschen, 1840) by Moritz Romberg contained general descriptions of signs and symptoms of various conditions having the key symptom of vertigo, but no definition of vestibular disorders. Our current knowledge of vestibular function and disorders dates back to the seminal work of a group of Nineteenth century scientists, e.g., Jan Evangelista Purkinje, Ernst Mach, Josef Breuer, Hermann Helmholtz, and Alexander Crum-Brown.
Rob Kooper - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology - Virtual reality exposure therapy
The journal of psychotherapy practice and research, 2010Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Larry F Hodges, Rob KooperAbstract:It has been proposed that virtual reality (VR) exposure may be an alternative to standard in vivo exposure. Virtual reality integrates real-time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer- generated virtual environment. Virtual reality exposure is potentially an efficient and cost-effective treatment of anxiety disorders. VR exposure therapy reduced the Fear of Heights in the first controlled study of virtual reality in treatment of a psychiatric disorder. A case study supported the efficacy of VR exposure therapy for the Fear of flying. The potential for virtual reality exposure treatment for these and other disorders is explored, and therapeutic issues surrounding the delivery of VR exposure are discussed.
-
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy.
The Journal of psychotherapy practice and research, 1997Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, A. S. Rizzo, D. D. Mcdaniel, Rob Kooper, Larry Hodges, M. V. ZanovAbstract:This chapter provides an overview of research supporting the use of virtual reality (VR) to help treat anxiety disorders, the rationale for its use, and future directions for the field. In this chapter, I will present data on the use of VR exposure therapy in the treatment of the Fear of Heights, the Fear of flying, social phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In general, these data support propositions about emotional processing and therapy.
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Virtual Reality Graded Exposure in the Treatment of Acrophobia: A Case Report
Behavior Therapy, 1995Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Dan Opdyke, James S. Williford, Larry F Hodges, Rob Kooper, Max M. NorthAbstract:This is the first case report to test the efficacy of computer-generated virtual reality (VR) for the treatment of acrophobia (Fear of Heights). The subject was a 19-year-old undergraduate student with a Fear of Heights, particularly of elevators. Twice weekly, sessions were conducted for 3 weeks, for a total of 5 sessions. Outcome was assessed on measures of anxiety, avoidance, attitude, distress, and included a behavioral avoidance test. VR graded exposure was successful in reducing Fears of Heights. VR graded exposure is proposed as a new medium for exposure therapy.
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effectiveness of computer generated virtual reality graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1995Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Dan Opdyke, James S. Williford, Larry F Hodges, Rob Kooper, Max M. NorthAbstract:Objective: The authors' goal was to examine the efficacy of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia (Fear of Heights). Method: Twenty college students with acrophobia were randomly assigned to virtual reality graded exposure treatment (N=12) or to a waiting-list comparison group (N=8). Seventeen students completed the study. Sessions were conducted individually over 8 weeks. Outcome was assessed by using measures of anxiety, avoidance, attitudes, and distress associated with exposure to Heights before and after treatment. Results: Significant differences between the students who completed the virtual reality treatment (N=10) and those on the waiting list (N=7) were found on all measures. The treatment group was significantly improved after 8 weeks, but the comparison group was unchanged. Conclusions: The authors conclude that treatment with virtual reality graded exposure was successful in reducing Fear of Heights
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Effectiveness of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia
American Journal of Psychiatry, 1995Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Dan Opdyke, James S. Williford, Larry F Hodges, Rob Kooper, Max NorthAbstract:The authors' goal was to examine the efficacy of computer-generated (virtual reality) graded exposure in the treatment of acrophobia (Fear of Heights). METHOD Twenty college students with acrophobia were randomly assigned to virtual reality graded exposure treatment (N = 12) or to a waiting-list comparison group (N = 8). Seventeen students completed the study. Sessions were conducted individually over 8 weeks. Outcome was assessed by using measures of anxiety, avoidance, attitudes, and distress associated with exposure to Heights before and after treatment. RESULTS Significant differences between the students who completed the virtual reality treatment (N = 10) and those on the waiting list (N = 7) were found on all measures. The treatment group was significantly improved after 8 weeks, but the comparison group was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The authors conclude that treatment with virtual reality graded exposure was successful in reducing Fear of Heights.
Larry F Hodges - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology - Virtual reality exposure therapy
The journal of psychotherapy practice and research, 2010Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Larry F Hodges, Rob KooperAbstract:It has been proposed that virtual reality (VR) exposure may be an alternative to standard in vivo exposure. Virtual reality integrates real-time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer- generated virtual environment. Virtual reality exposure is potentially an efficient and cost-effective treatment of anxiety disorders. VR exposure therapy reduced the Fear of Heights in the first controlled study of virtual reality in treatment of a psychiatric disorder. A case study supported the efficacy of VR exposure therapy for the Fear of flying. The potential for virtual reality exposure treatment for these and other disorders is explored, and therapeutic issues surrounding the delivery of VR exposure are discussed.
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The use of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Behavior modification, 1999Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Larry F HodgesAbstract:One possible alternative to standard in vivo exposure may be virtual reality exposure. Virtual reality integrates real-time computer graphics, body tracking devices, visual displays, and other sensory input devices to immerse a participant in a computer-generated virtual environment. Virtual reality exposure (VRE) is potentially an efficient and cost-effective treatment of anxiety disorders. VRE therapy has been successful in reducing the Fear of Heights in the first known controlled study of virtual reality in the treatment of a psychological disorder. Outcome was assessed on measures of anxiety, avoidance, attitudes, and distress. Significant group differences were found on all measures such that the VRE group was significantly improved at posttreatment but the control group was unchanged. The efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy was also supported for the Fear of flying in a case study. The potential for virtual reality exposure treatment for these and other disorders is explored.
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Virtually conquering Fear of flying
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1996Co-Authors: Larry F Hodges, Benjamin A. Watson, G.drew Kessler, Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Dan OpdykeAbstract:Traditional approaches to exposure therapy include imaginal (the\npatient imagines the stimulus) exposure and in vivo (the patient is\nexposed to the actual physical situation) exposure. Virtual reality\nexposure, in which the patient is exposed to a virtual environment\ncontaining the Feared stimulus, has been shown in a controlled study to\nbe an effective treatment approach for acrophobia (the Fear of Heights).\nTo extend VR exposure to Fear of flying, the authors designed a virtual\nairplane that the participant experiences by wearing a head-mounted\ndisplay with stereo earphones. The participant receives both visual and\nauditory cues of actually being on an aircraft. The therapist can see\nand hear what the patient is experiencing on a TV monitor. There are\nseveral potential advantages in using virtual reality exposure as\ncompared to in vivo exposure techniques
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Virtual reality and mental disorders
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics, 1996Co-Authors: Dorothy Cay Strickland, Suzanne Weghorst, Larry F Hodges, Nat DurlachAbstract:The use of virtual reality (VR) for treating patients with mental disorders including phobias, autism, and Parkinson's disease is discussed. Virtual Reality Exposure (VRE) therapy treats phobias by exposing patients to a virtual environment containing the Feared stimulus instead of taking the patient to a real environment or having the patient imagine the stimulus. Case studies have shown the effectiveness of VRE in treating acrophobia, Fear of Heights, and Fear of flying. Moreover, VR regulates visual and auditory stimulation in ways that may be useful for treating autistic individuals. VR therapy can be used to introduce visual complexity, sounds, and touch in a slow, regulated manner to train autistic persons to perform certain tasks.
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Virtual Reality Graded Exposure in the Treatment of Acrophobia: A Case Report
Behavior Therapy, 1995Co-Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Dan Opdyke, James S. Williford, Larry F Hodges, Rob Kooper, Max M. NorthAbstract:This is the first case report to test the efficacy of computer-generated virtual reality (VR) for the treatment of acrophobia (Fear of Heights). The subject was a 19-year-old undergraduate student with a Fear of Heights, particularly of elevators. Twice weekly, sessions were conducted for 3 weeks, for a total of 5 sessions. Outcome was assessed on measures of anxiety, avoidance, attitude, distress, and included a behavioral avoidance test. VR graded exposure was successful in reducing Fears of Heights. VR graded exposure is proposed as a new medium for exposure therapy.
