The Experts below are selected from a list of 81 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Garland E. Allen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eugenics and modern biology critiques of eugenics 1910 1945
Annals of Human Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Garland E. AllenAbstract:Summary Eugenics in most western countries in the first four decades of the 20th century was based on the idea that genes control most human phenotypic traits, everything from physical features such as polydactyly and eye colour to physiological conditions such as the A-B-O blood groups to mental and personality traits such as “Feeblemindedness,” alcoholism and pauperism. In assessing the development of the eugenics movement—its rise and decline between 1900 and 1950—it is
Anna Stubblefield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beyond the pale tainted whiteness cognitive disability and eugenic sterilization
Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy, 2007Co-Authors: Anna StubblefieldAbstract:The aim of the eugenics movement in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century was to prevent the degeneration of the white race. A central tactic of the movement was the involuntary sterilization of people labeled as feebleminded. An analysis of the practice of eugenic sterilization provides insight into how the concepts of gender, race, class, and dis/ability are fundamentally intertwined. I argue that in the early twentieth century, the concept of Feeblemindedness came to operate as an umbrella concept that linked off-white ethnicity, poverty, and gendered conceptions of lack of moral character together and that Feeblemindedness thus understood functioned as the signifier of tainted whiteness.
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Beyond the pale”: Tainted whiteness, cognitive disability, and eugenic sterilization
2007Co-Authors: Anna StubblefieldAbstract:The aim of the eugenics movement in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century was to prevent the degeneration of the white race. A central tactic of the movement was the involuntary sterilization of people labeled as feebleminded. An analysis of the practice of eugenic sterilization provides insight into how the concepts of gender, race, class, and dis/ability are fundamentally intertwined. I argue that in the early twentieth century, the concept of Feeblemindedness came to operate as an umbrella concept that linked off-white ethnicity, poverty, and gendered conceptions of lack of moral character together and that Feeblemindedness thus understood functioned as the signifier of tainted whiteness. The aim of the eugenics movement in the united States during the first half of the twentieth century was to prevent the degeneration of the white race. A central tactic of the movement was the involuntary sterilization of people labeled feebleminded. Between 1927 and 1957, approximately 60,000 Ameri-cans labeled either feebleminded or insane underwent sterilization at state institutions in the name of eugenics. Sixty percent of those sterilized wer
Bakker Nelleke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Monitoring child health: School doctors at work in a Dutch rural area (1930-1970)
2016Co-Authors: Bakker NellekeAbstract:From 1948 the World Health Organization expected child hygiene to include mental health. This article discusses the way school doctors adapted their activities and concerns accordingly in the mid-twentieth century in an agrarian-industrial area of the Netherlands. In spite of an improvement in pupils’ physical health they shifted their attention only to a limited extent towards mental health. Nevertheless, it became an important aspect of their work, as they stimulated activities they conceived of as promoting both physical and mental health, such as gymnastics and swimming. Their key interest concerned mental deficiency and the promotion of special schooling. In this respect they played a very active role, to the extent of producing ‘Feeblemindedness’ and learning disabilities. At the same time the school doctors clung to their traditional ideal of supporting the school’s effectiveness by trying to reduce possible dangers threatening pupils’ learning capacity and, increasingly, their mental well-being
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De gezondheid van het kind en het veranderend perspectief van de Groningse plattelandsschoolarts (1930-1970)
2015Co-Authors: Bakker NellekeAbstract:The health of the child and the changing perspective of school doctors at the Groningen countryside (1930–1970) From 1948 child hygiene was supposed to include mental health. This paper discusses the way school physicians in an agrarian-industrial area of the Netherlands have adapted their activities and concerns accordingly between 1930 and 1970. In spite of an improvement of pupils’ physical health they shifted their attention only to a limited extent from physical to mental health. Nevertheless, mental health became important, as they stimulated activities they conceived of as promoting both physical and mental health, like gymnastics and swimming. However, their key interest concerned mental deficiency and the promotion of special schooling. In this respect they have played a decisive role, to the extent of producing Feeblemindedness and learning disabilities. At the same time the school doctors clung to their traditional ideal of supporting the school’s effectiveness by trying to reduce dangers threatening pupils’ learning capacity and wellbeing, like too large school classes and uniform group teaching
Bukovčan Tanja - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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"Healthy to be American": Early Croatian Immigrants, Ellis Island Practices and the Formation of Croatian Diaspora in the US
Hrvatsko etnološko društvo i Odsjek za etnologiju i kulturnu antropologiju Filozofskog fakulteta, 2006Co-Authors: Bukovčan TanjaAbstract:Od 1892. do 1954. više od 12 milijuna imigranata1 ušlo je u Sjedinjene Američke Države kroz poznata američka vrata, otok Ellis. Siromaštvo, glad, težak rad na polju i političke opresije natjerali su mnogo Hrvata da potraže bolji život u Americi. Većinom su bili vrlo mladi, prosjek godina tih prvih imigranata nije bio veći od 22. Uglavnom su bili muškarci samci, i zajedno su, sa svim ostalim putnicima iz potpalublja, prolazili brze medicinske preglede, tzv. "preglede u šest sekundi", za kojih su provjeravani simptomi zaraznih bolesti, mogućih psiholoških poremećaja, "ludila", "slaboumnosti" ili nekih fizičkih nedostataka. Ovaj članak pokušava propitati kako su takvi segregacijski postupci koji su odmah na ulasku u novi svijet definirali Hrvate kao potencijalno nezdrave, lude ili nesposobne, utjecali na stvaranje i razvoj hrvatske dijaspore u sjevernoj Americi i pridonijeli njihovu statusu dijasporske zajednice koja je sačuvala svoj kulturni identitet.From 1892 to 1954 more than 12 million immigrants entered the United States through its famous gateway, Ellis Island. They were processed through immigration procedure and majority of them, from that period, were allowed to enter the US and become the citizens of their choice. Poverty, scarcity and hard field labour forced many Croats to seek better life in America. Almost four millions of them went through the Ellis Island in the period from 1880 to 1930. Very young, of average age not more than 22, most of them single males, together with all other steerage passengers, underwent the quick medical examinations, "six seconds physicals" through which they were checked for signs of infectious diseases, insanity, "Feeblemindedness" of physical defects. To avoid the trap of being too easily critical 100 years after Ellis Island happenings, it has to be said that they were a practical solution to immigration admission. The number of people entering the US through Ellis Island could reach 5000 up to 11000 people per day during America's peak immigration years from 1890-1924. However, Ellis Island practices legitimatized and deepened the division between the ethnically desirable (North and Western Europe immigrants) and less desirable (South-Eastern Europe and Asia). Furthermore, they provided a mass demonstration of power and political practices, which used health as an instrument of separation between those who were eligible to become the members of a politically stable, healthy labour force, and those who were not. This paper tries to examine in what way did such "segregatory" practices, which already at the entrance to the New World, defined Croats and other immigrants as possibly unhealthy, insane or inapt, influence the formation of Croatian Diaspora in North America as a culturally distinct ethnic group. It also raises the question as to how will the newly emerging medical borders affect notions of ethnicity and the ways in which dispersed/displaced peoples construct their identities in the time of "global ethnoscapes" (Appadurai) The fact that this first "legalized" segregation on the basis of a six-second medical examination was going on under the shadow of the Statue of Liberty, shows to what extent it was assumed as "scientifically" reasonable and politically correct, and explains the existence of its current practices of creating medical borders. Who remains on the other side of the medical border? The ethnical and cultural "Others", or, just "the ill"
Tanja Bukovčan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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"HEALTHY TO BE AMERICAN": EARLY CROATIAN IMMIGRANTS, ELLIS ISLAND PRACTICES AND THE FORMATION OF CROATIAN DIASPORA IN THE US (Summary)
Croatian Ethnological Society and Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Zagreb, 2006Co-Authors: Tanja BukovčanAbstract:Od 1892. do 1954. više od 12 milijuna imigranata1 ušlo je u Sjedinjene Američke Države kroz poznata američka vrata, otok Ellis. Siromaštvo, glad, težak rad na polju i političke opresije natjerali su mnogo Hrvata da potraže bolji život u Americi. Većinom su bili vrlo mladi, prosjek godina tih prvih imigranata nije bio veći od 22. Uglavnom su bili muškarci samci, i zajedno su, sa svim ostalim putnicima iz potpalublja, prolazili brze medicinske preglede, tzv. "preglede u šest sekundi", za kojih su provjeravani simptomi zaraznih bolesti, mogućih psiholoških poremećaja, "ludila", "slaboumnosti" ili nekih fizičkih nedostataka. Ovaj članak pokušava propitati kako su takvi segregacijski postupci koji su odmah na ulasku u novi svijet definirali Hrvate kao potencijalno nezdrave, lude ili nesposobne, utjecali na stvaranje i razvoj hrvatske dijaspore u sjevernoj Americi i pridonijeli njihovu statusu dijasporske zajednice koja je sačuvala svoj kulturni identitet.From 1892 to 1954 more than 12 million immigrants entered the United States through its famous gateway, Ellis Island. They were processed through immigration procedure and majority of them, from that period, were allowed to enter the US and become the citizens of their choice. Poverty, scarcity and hard field labour forced many Croats to seek better life in America. Almost four millions of them went through the Ellis Island in the period from 1880 to 1930. Very young, of average age not more than 22, most of them single males, together with all other steerage passengers, underwent the quick medical examinations, "six seconds physicals" through which they were checked for signs of infectious diseases, insanity, "Feeblemindedness" of physical defects. To avoid the trap of being too easily critical 100 years after Ellis Island happenings, it has to be said that they were a practical solution to immigration admission. The number of people entering the US through Ellis Island could reach 5000 up to 11000 people per day during America\u27s peak immigration years from 1890-1924. However, Ellis Island practices legitimatized and deepened the division between the ethnically desirable (North and Western Europe immigrants) and less desirable (South-Eastern Europe and Asia). Furthermore, they provided a mass demonstration of power and political practices, which used health as an instrument of separation between those who were eligible to become the members of a politically stable, healthy labour force, and those who were not. This paper tries to examine in what way did such "segregatory" practices, which already at the entrance to the New World, defined Croats and other immigrants as possibly unhealthy, insane or inapt, influence the formation of Croatian Diaspora in North America as a culturally distinct ethnic group. It also raises the question as to how will the newly emerging medical borders affect notions of ethnicity and the ways in which dispersed/displaced peoples construct their identities in the time of "global ethnoscapes" (Appadurai) The fact that this first "legalized" segregation on the basis of a six-second medical examination was going on under the shadow of the Statue of Liberty, shows to what extent it was assumed as "scientifically" reasonable and politically correct, and explains the existence of its current practices of creating medical borders. Who remains on the other side of the medical border? The ethnical and cultural "Others", or, just "the ill"