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Manuel Yufera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of different Feeding frequencies on growth Feed utilisation digestive enzyme activities and plasma biochemistry of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata fed with different fishmeal and fish oil dietary levels
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: Serena Busti, Alessio Bonaldo, Francesco Dondi, Damiano Cavallini, Manuel Yufera, Neda Gilannejad, Francisco Javier Moyano, Pier Paolo Gatta, Luca ParmaAbstract:Abstract In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture many efforts have been made in terms of reducing marine-derived ingredients in aquaFeed formulation. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the manipulation of Feeding frequency at the on-growing phase, where the high costs related to Feeding procedures and the optimisation of Feed efficiency and fish health are key aspects for the economic and environmental sustainability of the production cycle. The effects of different Feeding frequencies (F) (1F) one meal day−1, (2F) two meals day−1, (3F) three meals day−1 on growth, digestive enzyme activity, Feed Digestibility and plasma biochemistry were studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) fed with high (FM30/FO15, 30% fishmeal FM, 15% fish oil, FO) and low (FM10/FO3; 10% FM and 3% FO) FM and FO levels. Isonitrogenous and isolipidic extruded diets were fed to triplicate fish groups (initial weight: 88.3 ± 2.4 g) by a fixed ration over 109 days. No significant effects of Feeding frequency on overall performance, Feed efficiency and Feed Digestibility during the on-growing of gilthead sea bream fed high or low fishmeal and fish oil dietary level were observed. Pepsin activity showed an apparent decrease in fish receiving more than one meal a day which was not compensated by an increased production of alkaline proteases (either trypsin or chymotrypsin), particularly in fish fed on low FM. Although there were no effects on growth and Feed utilisation at increasing Feeding frequency, trypsin decreased significantly with an increasing number of meals only under low FMFO diet. Thus, it seemed that consecutive meals could have amplified the potential trypsin inhibitor effect of the vegetable meal-based diet adopted. Most of the plasma parameters related to nutritional and physiological conditions were not affected by Feeding frequency, however an effect on electrolytes (Na+, Cl), cortisol and creatinine was observed. The higher level of plasma creatinine detected in fish fed a single daily meal with high FMFO level seems to be within physiological values in relation to the higher protein efficiency observed with this diet. However, it will require further attention to exclude a possible overload of kidney functionality. According to the results, gilthead sea bream seems able to maximize Feed utilisation regardless of the number of meals, and this could be a useful indicator for planning Feeding activity at farm level to optimise growth of fish and costs of Feeding procedures.
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effects of different Feeding frequencies on growth Feed utilisation digestive enzyme activities and plasma biochemistry of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata fed with different fishmeal and fish oil dietary levels
arXiv: Tissues and Organs, 2020Co-Authors: Serena Busti, Alessio Bonaldo, Francesco Dondi, Damiano Cavallini, Manuel Yufera, Neda Gilannejad, Francisco Javier Moyano, Pier Paolo Gatta, Luca ParmaAbstract:In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture little attention has been paid to the manipulation of Feeding frequency at the on-growing phase. The effects of different Feeding frequencies: one meal per day, two meals per day, three meals per day on growth, digestive enzyme activity, Feed Digestibility and plasma biochemistry were studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) fed with high and low fishmeal and fish oil levels. Isonitrogenous and isolipidic extruded diets were fed to triplicate fish groups by a fixed ration over 109 days. No significant effects of Feeding frequency on overall performance, Feed efficiency and Feed Digestibility during the on-growing of gilthead sea bream fed high or low fishmeal and fish oil dietary level were observed. Pepsin activity showed an apparent decrease in fish receiving more than one meal a day which was not compensated by an increased production of alkaline proteases particularly in fish fed on low FM. Although there were no effects on growth and Feed utilisation at increasing Feeding frequency, trypsin decreased significantly with an increasing number of meals only under low FMFO diet. Thus, it seemed that consecutive meals could have amplified the potential trypsin inhibitor effect of the vegetable meal-based diet adopted. Results of the plasma parameters related to nutritional and physiological conditions were not affected by Feeding frequency. The higher level of plasma creatinine detected in fish fed a single daily meal with high FMFO level seems to be within physiological values in relation to the higher protein efficiency observed with this diet. According to the results, gilthead sea bream seems able to maximise Feed utilisation regardless of the number of meals, and this could be a useful indicator for planning Feeding activity at farm level to optimise growth of fish and costs of Feeding procedures.
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effect of Feeding time and frequency on gut transit and Feed Digestibility in two fish species with different Feeding behaviours gilthead seabream and senegalese sole
Aquaculture, 2019Co-Authors: Neda Gilannejad, Tome S Silva, Gonzalo Martinezrodriguez, Manuel YuferaAbstract:Abstract A comparative approach was adopted to assess the effect of different Feeding strategies on Feed transit and daily oscillations of apparent Digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, protein, and energy, in two species with different Feeding habits, gilthead seabream and Senegalese sole. For this purpose, fish juveniles were consecutively fed with a standard and a marked diet (yttrium oxide) and were sampled at difference post-prandial times. Mathematical models were constructed to predict filling and evacuation of the stomach and intestine in gilthead seabream, and the whole digestive tract in Senegalese sole. Results demonstrated that changes in daily Feeding time and frequency, modified the Feed transit rate and residence time in the gut as well as the apparent Digestibility, with obvious consequences for the utilization of nutrients. Variations in apparent Digestibility were also observed along the daily cycle. Besides, the obtained response varied significantly depending on the studied fish species, due to the interspecific differences in the anatomy, digestive physiology, and Feeding habits. Allocating the whole daily meal in one ration resulted in fast gut filling rate and low apparent Digestibility in both species. In gilthead seabream, Feeding protocol did not influence the stomach and intestine evacuation rates. However, in Senegalese sole, frequent meals during the whole daily cycle resulted in a faster gut evacuation. Very frequent diurnal Feeding led to highest ADCs in both species; although, such higher Digestibility values were not necessarily related to longer Feed residence times within the gut in gilthead seabream. The results obtained from this study can be useful to establish optimized Feeding protocols that help to reduce the production costs and undigested debris in the effluents.
Luca Parma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of different Feeding frequencies on growth Feed utilisation digestive enzyme activities and plasma biochemistry of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata fed with different fishmeal and fish oil dietary levels
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: Serena Busti, Alessio Bonaldo, Francesco Dondi, Damiano Cavallini, Manuel Yufera, Neda Gilannejad, Francisco Javier Moyano, Pier Paolo Gatta, Luca ParmaAbstract:Abstract In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture many efforts have been made in terms of reducing marine-derived ingredients in aquaFeed formulation. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the manipulation of Feeding frequency at the on-growing phase, where the high costs related to Feeding procedures and the optimisation of Feed efficiency and fish health are key aspects for the economic and environmental sustainability of the production cycle. The effects of different Feeding frequencies (F) (1F) one meal day−1, (2F) two meals day−1, (3F) three meals day−1 on growth, digestive enzyme activity, Feed Digestibility and plasma biochemistry were studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) fed with high (FM30/FO15, 30% fishmeal FM, 15% fish oil, FO) and low (FM10/FO3; 10% FM and 3% FO) FM and FO levels. Isonitrogenous and isolipidic extruded diets were fed to triplicate fish groups (initial weight: 88.3 ± 2.4 g) by a fixed ration over 109 days. No significant effects of Feeding frequency on overall performance, Feed efficiency and Feed Digestibility during the on-growing of gilthead sea bream fed high or low fishmeal and fish oil dietary level were observed. Pepsin activity showed an apparent decrease in fish receiving more than one meal a day which was not compensated by an increased production of alkaline proteases (either trypsin or chymotrypsin), particularly in fish fed on low FM. Although there were no effects on growth and Feed utilisation at increasing Feeding frequency, trypsin decreased significantly with an increasing number of meals only under low FMFO diet. Thus, it seemed that consecutive meals could have amplified the potential trypsin inhibitor effect of the vegetable meal-based diet adopted. Most of the plasma parameters related to nutritional and physiological conditions were not affected by Feeding frequency, however an effect on electrolytes (Na+, Cl), cortisol and creatinine was observed. The higher level of plasma creatinine detected in fish fed a single daily meal with high FMFO level seems to be within physiological values in relation to the higher protein efficiency observed with this diet. However, it will require further attention to exclude a possible overload of kidney functionality. According to the results, gilthead sea bream seems able to maximize Feed utilisation regardless of the number of meals, and this could be a useful indicator for planning Feeding activity at farm level to optimise growth of fish and costs of Feeding procedures.
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effects of different Feeding frequencies on growth Feed utilisation digestive enzyme activities and plasma biochemistry of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata fed with different fishmeal and fish oil dietary levels
arXiv: Tissues and Organs, 2020Co-Authors: Serena Busti, Alessio Bonaldo, Francesco Dondi, Damiano Cavallini, Manuel Yufera, Neda Gilannejad, Francisco Javier Moyano, Pier Paolo Gatta, Luca ParmaAbstract:In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture little attention has been paid to the manipulation of Feeding frequency at the on-growing phase. The effects of different Feeding frequencies: one meal per day, two meals per day, three meals per day on growth, digestive enzyme activity, Feed Digestibility and plasma biochemistry were studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) fed with high and low fishmeal and fish oil levels. Isonitrogenous and isolipidic extruded diets were fed to triplicate fish groups by a fixed ration over 109 days. No significant effects of Feeding frequency on overall performance, Feed efficiency and Feed Digestibility during the on-growing of gilthead sea bream fed high or low fishmeal and fish oil dietary level were observed. Pepsin activity showed an apparent decrease in fish receiving more than one meal a day which was not compensated by an increased production of alkaline proteases particularly in fish fed on low FM. Although there were no effects on growth and Feed utilisation at increasing Feeding frequency, trypsin decreased significantly with an increasing number of meals only under low FMFO diet. Thus, it seemed that consecutive meals could have amplified the potential trypsin inhibitor effect of the vegetable meal-based diet adopted. Results of the plasma parameters related to nutritional and physiological conditions were not affected by Feeding frequency. The higher level of plasma creatinine detected in fish fed a single daily meal with high FMFO level seems to be within physiological values in relation to the higher protein efficiency observed with this diet. According to the results, gilthead sea bream seems able to maximise Feed utilisation regardless of the number of meals, and this could be a useful indicator for planning Feeding activity at farm level to optimise growth of fish and costs of Feeding procedures.
Charles J. Newbold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maternal versus artificial rearing shapes the rumen microbiome having minor long term physiological implications
Environmental Microbiology, 2019Co-Authors: Alejandro Belanche, Andrew P. Detheridge, Gareth W. Griffith, Charles J. Newbold, D R Yanezruiz, Alison H KingstonsmithAbstract:Increasing productivity is a key target in ruminant science which requires better understanding of the rumen microbiota. This study investigated how maternal versus artificial rearing shapes the rumen microbiota using 24 sets of triplet lambs. Lambs within each sibling set were randomly assigned to natural rearing on the ewe (NN); ewe colostrum for 24 h followed by artificial milk Feeding (NA); and colostrum alternative and artificial milk Feeding (AA). Maternal colostrum Feeding enhanced VFA production at weaning but not thereafter. At weaning, lambs reared on milk replacer had no rumen protozoa and lower microbial diversity, whereas natural rearing accelerated the rumen microbial development and facilitated the transition to solid diet. Differences in the rumen prokaryotic communities disappear later in life when all lambs were grouped on the same pasture up to 23 weeks of age. However, NN animals retained higher fungal diversity and abundances of Piromyces, Feramyces and Diplodiniinae protozoa as well as higher Feed Digestibility (+4%) and animal growth (+6.5%) during the grazing period. Nevertheless, no correlations were found between rumen microbiota and productive outcomes. These findings suggest that the early life nutritional intervention determine the initial rumen microbial community, but the persistence of these effects later in life is weak.
Neda Gilannejad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of different Feeding frequencies on growth Feed utilisation digestive enzyme activities and plasma biochemistry of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata fed with different fishmeal and fish oil dietary levels
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: Serena Busti, Alessio Bonaldo, Francesco Dondi, Damiano Cavallini, Manuel Yufera, Neda Gilannejad, Francisco Javier Moyano, Pier Paolo Gatta, Luca ParmaAbstract:Abstract In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture many efforts have been made in terms of reducing marine-derived ingredients in aquaFeed formulation. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to the manipulation of Feeding frequency at the on-growing phase, where the high costs related to Feeding procedures and the optimisation of Feed efficiency and fish health are key aspects for the economic and environmental sustainability of the production cycle. The effects of different Feeding frequencies (F) (1F) one meal day−1, (2F) two meals day−1, (3F) three meals day−1 on growth, digestive enzyme activity, Feed Digestibility and plasma biochemistry were studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) fed with high (FM30/FO15, 30% fishmeal FM, 15% fish oil, FO) and low (FM10/FO3; 10% FM and 3% FO) FM and FO levels. Isonitrogenous and isolipidic extruded diets were fed to triplicate fish groups (initial weight: 88.3 ± 2.4 g) by a fixed ration over 109 days. No significant effects of Feeding frequency on overall performance, Feed efficiency and Feed Digestibility during the on-growing of gilthead sea bream fed high or low fishmeal and fish oil dietary level were observed. Pepsin activity showed an apparent decrease in fish receiving more than one meal a day which was not compensated by an increased production of alkaline proteases (either trypsin or chymotrypsin), particularly in fish fed on low FM. Although there were no effects on growth and Feed utilisation at increasing Feeding frequency, trypsin decreased significantly with an increasing number of meals only under low FMFO diet. Thus, it seemed that consecutive meals could have amplified the potential trypsin inhibitor effect of the vegetable meal-based diet adopted. Most of the plasma parameters related to nutritional and physiological conditions were not affected by Feeding frequency, however an effect on electrolytes (Na+, Cl), cortisol and creatinine was observed. The higher level of plasma creatinine detected in fish fed a single daily meal with high FMFO level seems to be within physiological values in relation to the higher protein efficiency observed with this diet. However, it will require further attention to exclude a possible overload of kidney functionality. According to the results, gilthead sea bream seems able to maximize Feed utilisation regardless of the number of meals, and this could be a useful indicator for planning Feeding activity at farm level to optimise growth of fish and costs of Feeding procedures.
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effects of different Feeding frequencies on growth Feed utilisation digestive enzyme activities and plasma biochemistry of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata fed with different fishmeal and fish oil dietary levels
arXiv: Tissues and Organs, 2020Co-Authors: Serena Busti, Alessio Bonaldo, Francesco Dondi, Damiano Cavallini, Manuel Yufera, Neda Gilannejad, Francisco Javier Moyano, Pier Paolo Gatta, Luca ParmaAbstract:In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture little attention has been paid to the manipulation of Feeding frequency at the on-growing phase. The effects of different Feeding frequencies: one meal per day, two meals per day, three meals per day on growth, digestive enzyme activity, Feed Digestibility and plasma biochemistry were studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) fed with high and low fishmeal and fish oil levels. Isonitrogenous and isolipidic extruded diets were fed to triplicate fish groups by a fixed ration over 109 days. No significant effects of Feeding frequency on overall performance, Feed efficiency and Feed Digestibility during the on-growing of gilthead sea bream fed high or low fishmeal and fish oil dietary level were observed. Pepsin activity showed an apparent decrease in fish receiving more than one meal a day which was not compensated by an increased production of alkaline proteases particularly in fish fed on low FM. Although there were no effects on growth and Feed utilisation at increasing Feeding frequency, trypsin decreased significantly with an increasing number of meals only under low FMFO diet. Thus, it seemed that consecutive meals could have amplified the potential trypsin inhibitor effect of the vegetable meal-based diet adopted. Results of the plasma parameters related to nutritional and physiological conditions were not affected by Feeding frequency. The higher level of plasma creatinine detected in fish fed a single daily meal with high FMFO level seems to be within physiological values in relation to the higher protein efficiency observed with this diet. According to the results, gilthead sea bream seems able to maximise Feed utilisation regardless of the number of meals, and this could be a useful indicator for planning Feeding activity at farm level to optimise growth of fish and costs of Feeding procedures.
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effect of Feeding time and frequency on gut transit and Feed Digestibility in two fish species with different Feeding behaviours gilthead seabream and senegalese sole
Aquaculture, 2019Co-Authors: Neda Gilannejad, Tome S Silva, Gonzalo Martinezrodriguez, Manuel YuferaAbstract:Abstract A comparative approach was adopted to assess the effect of different Feeding strategies on Feed transit and daily oscillations of apparent Digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, protein, and energy, in two species with different Feeding habits, gilthead seabream and Senegalese sole. For this purpose, fish juveniles were consecutively fed with a standard and a marked diet (yttrium oxide) and were sampled at difference post-prandial times. Mathematical models were constructed to predict filling and evacuation of the stomach and intestine in gilthead seabream, and the whole digestive tract in Senegalese sole. Results demonstrated that changes in daily Feeding time and frequency, modified the Feed transit rate and residence time in the gut as well as the apparent Digestibility, with obvious consequences for the utilization of nutrients. Variations in apparent Digestibility were also observed along the daily cycle. Besides, the obtained response varied significantly depending on the studied fish species, due to the interspecific differences in the anatomy, digestive physiology, and Feeding habits. Allocating the whole daily meal in one ration resulted in fast gut filling rate and low apparent Digestibility in both species. In gilthead seabream, Feeding protocol did not influence the stomach and intestine evacuation rates. However, in Senegalese sole, frequent meals during the whole daily cycle resulted in a faster gut evacuation. Very frequent diurnal Feeding led to highest ADCs in both species; although, such higher Digestibility values were not necessarily related to longer Feed residence times within the gut in gilthead seabream. The results obtained from this study can be useful to establish optimized Feeding protocols that help to reduce the production costs and undigested debris in the effluents.
Alejandro Belanche - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inoculation with rumen fluid in early life as a strategy to optimize the weaning process in intensive dairy goat systems
Journal of Dairy Science, 2020Co-Authors: Alejandro Belanche, J M Palmahidalgo, I Nejjam, Elisabeth Jimenez, A I Martingarcia, D R YanezruizAbstract:Ruminants are born with an undeveloped physical, metabolic, and microbial rumen. Rumen development is limited under artificial rearing systems when newborn animals are separated from the dam, fed on milk replacer, and weaned at an early age. This study aims to evaluate the effects of early-life inoculation of young ruminants with rumen fluid from adult animals. Eighty newborn goat kids were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 experimental treatments and inoculated daily from d 1 to wk 11 with autoclaved rumen fluid (AUT), fresh rumen fluid obtained from adult goats fed either a forage diet (RFF) or concentrate-rich diet (RFC), or absence of inoculation (CTL). Goat kids were artificially reared with ad libitum access to milk replacer, starter concentrate, and forage hay. Blood was sampled weekly and rumen microbial fermentation was monitored at 5 (preweaning), 7 (weaning), and 9 wk of age (postweaning). Results indicated that inoculation with fresh rumen fluid accelerated the rumen microbial and fermentative development before weaning. As a result, RFC and RFF animals had higher solid Feed intake (+73%), rumen concentrations of ammonia-N (+26%), total volatile fatty acids (+46%), butyrate (+50%), and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (+48%), and lower milk intake (-6%) than CTL and AUT animals at wk 5. Inoculation with fresh inoculum also promoted early rumen colonization by a complex and abundant protozoal community, whereas CTL animals remained protozoa free. Although all kids experienced moderate growth retardation during 1 wk after weaning, inoculation with fresh rumen fluid favored the weaning process, leading to 2.2 times higher weight gain than CTL and AUT animals during wk 8. Some of these advantages were retained during the postweaning period and RFF and RFC animals showed higher forage intake (up to +44%) than CTL and AUT animals with no detrimental effects on Feed Digestibility or stress levels. The superior microbial load of RFC compared with RFF inoculum tended to provide further improvements in terms of forage intake, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, and rumen protozoa, whereas AUT inoculation provided minor (if any) advantages with respect to CTL animals. Although no differences were noted on animal growth, this study suggests that early life inoculation of goat kids with rumen microbiota can represent an effective strategy to accelerate the rumen development, facilitating a smooth transition from milk to solid Feed and to the potential implementation of early weaning strategies.
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maternal versus artificial rearing shapes the rumen microbiome having minor long term physiological implications
Environmental Microbiology, 2019Co-Authors: Alejandro Belanche, Andrew P. Detheridge, Gareth W. Griffith, Charles J. Newbold, D R Yanezruiz, Alison H KingstonsmithAbstract:Increasing productivity is a key target in ruminant science which requires better understanding of the rumen microbiota. This study investigated how maternal versus artificial rearing shapes the rumen microbiota using 24 sets of triplet lambs. Lambs within each sibling set were randomly assigned to natural rearing on the ewe (NN); ewe colostrum for 24 h followed by artificial milk Feeding (NA); and colostrum alternative and artificial milk Feeding (AA). Maternal colostrum Feeding enhanced VFA production at weaning but not thereafter. At weaning, lambs reared on milk replacer had no rumen protozoa and lower microbial diversity, whereas natural rearing accelerated the rumen microbial development and facilitated the transition to solid diet. Differences in the rumen prokaryotic communities disappear later in life when all lambs were grouped on the same pasture up to 23 weeks of age. However, NN animals retained higher fungal diversity and abundances of Piromyces, Feramyces and Diplodiniinae protozoa as well as higher Feed Digestibility (+4%) and animal growth (+6.5%) during the grazing period. Nevertheless, no correlations were found between rumen microbiota and productive outcomes. These findings suggest that the early life nutritional intervention determine the initial rumen microbial community, but the persistence of these effects later in life is weak.