The Experts below are selected from a list of 75 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
L.j. Fisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variability in individual animal's intake of minerals offered free-choice to grazing ruminants
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1996Co-Authors: R.m. Tait, L.j. FisherAbstract:Abstract A review of the literature indicates that there is very little published information on the variation in intake of minerals and other supplements offered free-choice to grazing animals. Most of the studies have been conducted with molasses Feedblocks and liquid licks and the data indicate large day to day and among animal variation. A computer recording system has been developed and tested which allows for more information to be collected with regard to frequency of consumption of free-choice supplements by grazing animals. Studies have been conducted with molasses blocks and loose mineral supplements provided to grazing cattle. Results indicate that the supplements were consumed by almost all animals on a regular basis. However, there was considerable variation among animals in the quantity of supplement consumed. For the molasses blocks daily intake averaged 1.2 ± 0.6 kg per head within a range of 0.72–1.65 kg. For the mineral supplement the average daily consumption was 135 ± 55 g per head within a range of 50–300 g. The supplement feeders were visited every hour of the day but approximately 40% of the visits occurred in the late evening. Information on the behavioural pattern of consumption may enable strategies to be developed which could reduce the variation in consumption.
R.m. Tait - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Variability in individual animal's intake of minerals offered free-choice to grazing ruminants
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1996Co-Authors: R.m. Tait, L.j. FisherAbstract:Abstract A review of the literature indicates that there is very little published information on the variation in intake of minerals and other supplements offered free-choice to grazing animals. Most of the studies have been conducted with molasses Feedblocks and liquid licks and the data indicate large day to day and among animal variation. A computer recording system has been developed and tested which allows for more information to be collected with regard to frequency of consumption of free-choice supplements by grazing animals. Studies have been conducted with molasses blocks and loose mineral supplements provided to grazing cattle. Results indicate that the supplements were consumed by almost all animals on a regular basis. However, there was considerable variation among animals in the quantity of supplement consumed. For the molasses blocks daily intake averaged 1.2 ± 0.6 kg per head within a range of 0.72–1.65 kg. For the mineral supplement the average daily consumption was 135 ± 55 g per head within a range of 50–300 g. The supplement feeders were visited every hour of the day but approximately 40% of the visits occurred in the late evening. Information on the behavioural pattern of consumption may enable strategies to be developed which could reduce the variation in consumption.
Joseph Dooley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of microlayer blown film technology by combining film die and layer multiplication concepts
Polymer Engineering and Science, 2016Co-Authors: Joseph Dooley, Jeff M. Robacki, Steve Jenkins, Robert E. WrisleyAbstract:Many polymers are extruded through blown film dies to produce both monolayer and multilayer films. A common type of die in use today to produce blown films is the spiral mandrel die. This type of die can be used effectively for many polymers in structures containing up to approximately ten layers. This paper will discuss the development of new technology using a Feedblock and layer multipliers in combination with encapsulation technology and a unique film die to produce microlayer blown film structures with significantly larger numbers of layers than can be produced using conventional blown film technology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:598–604, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
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Multilayer Rheology Effects In Coextruded Structure Design
2008Co-Authors: Joseph Dooley, Robert E. Wrisley, Chunxia Costeux, Andrew SchladerAbstract:Multilayer coextrusion is a process in which two or more polymers are extruded and joined together in a Feedblock or die to form a single structure with multiple layers. This paper will discuss techniques for measuring experimental rheology data for monolayer and multilayer structures. These data will then be used to show the effects of multilayer rheology in the design of coextruded structures.
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The effect of multilayer rheology on coextrusion die design
2004Co-Authors: Joseph DooleyAbstract:Multilayer coextrusion is a process in which two or more polymers are extruded and joined together in a Feedblock or die to form a single structure with multiple layers. This paper will discuss the proper techniques for using rheology data to design coextrusion dies based on experimental rheology data for monolayer and multilayer structures.
Ali Nefzaoui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Polyethylene glycol in concentrate or Feedblocks to deactivate condensed tannins in Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage 1. Effects on intake, digestion and growth by Barbarine lambs
Animal Science, 2002Co-Authors: H. Ben Salem, Naziha Atti, Alessandro Priolo, Ali NefzaouiAbstract:AbstractThirty young male sheep were given air-dried foliage of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. ad libitum and 400 g oat hay. Animals were divided into five equal groups each of which was supplemented with either 300 g concentrate with (CPEG) or without (C) 20 g polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) or urea-containing Feedblocks with (BUPEG) or without (BU) PEG. One other treatment was PEG-containing Feedblock without urea (BPEG). PEG was used to preferentially bind A. cyanophylla condensed tannins (CT). Feedblocks (BU, BPEG and BUPEG respectively) were made from olive cake (395, 376 and 353), wheat bran (263, 250 and 235), wheatfeeds (132, 125 and 118), quicklime (88, 83 and 78), salt (44, 42 and 39), mineral and vitamin supplement (12, 10 and 10), urea (66, 0 and 59) and PEG (0, 114 and 107 g/kg). These diets were used in growth (60 days) and metabolism (7 days) studies. Urea-containing Feedblocks, as compared with concentrate, were higher in crude protein (CP; 235 v. 116 g/kg DM) and lower in metabolizable energy (6 v. 10 MJ/kg DM). The type of supplement (i.e. concentrate v. Feedblocks) had no effect (P > 0·05) on A. cyanophylla DM intake, CP and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) digestibilities and nitrogen (N) retention. However, concentrate-containing diets exhibited higher DM and organic matter (OM) digestibilities (P < 0·05), urinary excretion of allantoin (P < 0·05), microbial N supply (P < 0·001) and average daily gain (P < 0·001). PEG supply increased DM intake of A. cyanophylla, CP digestibility, N retention, allantoin voided in urine, microbial N supply and lamb growth. PEG-containing Feedblocks enriched (BUPEG) or not (BPEG) with urea had similar effect on A. cyanophylla intake, DM, OM and NDF digestibilities, allantoin in urine, microbial N supply and average daily gain. These findings suggested that urea inclusion in Feedblocks are not necessary and thus the feeding cost may be reduced. The higher amount of microbial N and daily gain in lambs given concentrate as compared with those on Feedblock-supplemented diets was ascribed to the level of energy which was low in the latter diets. Enrichment of Feedblocks with energy-rich ingredients such as molasses or cactus fruits could be a solution. This work confirmed that tannins depressed the nutritive value of this shrub species and lamb growth. However, the reduction was not drastic in the absence of PEG in the diet. Feedblock diet (BU) matched maintenance requirements of lambs while lambs on concentrate-supplemented diet (C) grew at a rate of 78 g/day. The choice between these two supplements will depend upon farm conditions and objectives.
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Polyethylene glycol in concentrate or Feedblocks to deactivate condensed tannins in Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage 2. Effects on meat quality of Barbarine lambs
Animal Science, 2002Co-Authors: Alessandro Priolo, H. Ben Salem, Naziha Atti, Ali NefzaouiAbstract:AbstractTwenty-five male Barbarine lambs aged approximately 150 days were divided into five groups. All the animals received 400 g/day of oat hay and Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage ad libitum. Two groups also received 300 g/ day of a mixture (70: 30) of processed barley and wheat bran, with or without 20 g polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG), groups CPEG and C respectively. The three other groups had free access to Feedblocks based on olive cake, and containing urea, urea and PEG, or PEG, groups BU, BUPEG and BPEG respectively. Lambs were slaughtered at age 230 days and meat quality was determined in the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. Lean colour was significantly affected by dietary condensed tannins. Lightness (L*) was higher in those animals that did not receive PEG (P < 0·001) indicating that condensed tannins can cause lighter meat colour. This difference was not due to the ultimate pH, which was not affected by the inclusion of PEG in the diet. Meat from groups that received supplementation of concentrate had lower values of resistance to the Warner-Bratzler shear device compared with those that received Feedblocks. This result was confirmed by a taste panel, that found samples from groups C and CPEG more tender than samples from groups BU, BUPEG and BPEG. Inclusion of PEG in the diet increased intensity of flavour (P < 0·05) but had no effect on overall acceptability. Meat from animals that had received the concentrate had higher overall acceptability (P < 0·05) than meat from animals that received the Feedblocks. No differences were found in meat chemical composition.
Joey Mead - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interfacial instabilities in Multilayer Extrusion
2004Co-Authors: Jun S. Lee, Nantiya Viriyabanthorn, Changmo Sung, Carol Barry, Joey MeadAbstract:Polymeric alternating multilayer laminates have been prepared by coextrusion, utilizing a specially designed Feedblock to combine the two incoming materials from different extruder. Layer multiplying elements (LME) were used to split the melt stream, divide it, and then bring the two polymeric melt streams together, increasing the number of layers, while decreasing the thickness of each layer. Polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP) were extruded to form alternating structures by repeated layer multiplications. The materials were characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study layer instabilities. Zig-zag type instabilities were found at the interfaces, predominantly in the center of the samples, which originated from the interfaces near the walls. Instabilities could be reduced by increasing the temperature of the LMEs and decreasing the total flow rate of both materials. ra†unoao : multilayer, interfacial instabilities, coextrusion, Feedblock, AFM, layer multiplying element.
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Investigation of interfacial instabilities in nanolayer extrusion
2004Co-Authors: Jun S. Lee, Changmo Sung, Carol Barry, Nantiya Vriyabanthorn, Joey MeadAbstract:Multilayer structures have been prepared by coextrusion technology using a Feedblock with layer multiplying elements (LME) to split the melt stream and then layer the two streams together. Polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), and a cyclic olefin polymer were extruded to form alternating structures by repeated layer multiplications using the layer multiplying elements. The materials were characterized by microscopy to study the effect of polymer properties and process conditions on layer instabilities. Instabilities were found at the layer interfaces, predominantly in the center of the samples, resulting from high interfacial shear stresses. This could be reduced by increasing the temperature of the LMEs and decreasing the total flow rate of both materials.
