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J L Albright - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of animal grouping on Feeding Behavior and intake of dairy cattle
Journal of Dairy Science, 2001Co-Authors: R J Grant, J L AlbrightAbstract:Abstract Although data are scarce, it is clear that grouping strategy can have a significant impact on the Feeding Behavior and feed intake of dairy cattle. Feed intake is controlled by ruminoreticular fill and physiological mechanisms, but grouping is a component of the cow's Feeding environment that can modulate intake as a result of its impact on cow comfort, competition for feed and other resources, and herd health. Social dominance and competition for feed impact Feeding Behavior and proper grouping strategy will minimize the negative impact of excessive competition on intake and enhance beneficial effects of group Feeding such as social facilitation. Primiparous cows benefit from separate grouping from older animals by increased intake and productivity. Bunk space, accessibility of feed, and type of Feeding system must be considered when determining the optimal group size. There appears to be no problem with large (>200 cows) groups of cows per se, but management decisions such as overcrowding with insufficient head gates or manger space play a role in determining cow well-being and Feeding Behavior. Research with group sizes larger than 400 cows needs to evaluate productivity, Feeding and other Behavior, and animal well-being. Significant overcrowding appears to reduce Feeding activity, alter resting Behavior, and decrease rumination activity. Negative social consequences of moving cows between groups last 3 to 7 d. Although the effect of grouping on Feeding Behavior remains largely unquantitated at this point, the effect is potentially large and requires further research to describe the impact of cow dynamics within a group on feed intake.
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Feeding Behavior and management factors during the transition period in dairy cattle
Journal of Animal Science, 1995Co-Authors: R J Grant, J L AlbrightAbstract:Little research has focused specifically on the relationships among Feeding Behavior, management strategy, and optimal intake by the transition cow. Most information must be extrapolated from studies of cattle at other stages of lactation. The transition period can be divided into two distinct phases: 5 to 7 d prepartum, characterized by a 30% reduction in DMI, and 0 to 21 d postpartum, during which time intake should increase rapidly. Feed restriction can reduce number of daily meals by 50%, but when feed is offered for ad libitum consumption, with consistent time of Feeding, access can be limited to 8 h daily with no adverse effects on performance of midlactation cows. Sequence of offering feeds may affect intake, but relative degradabilities of dietary protein and starch need to be considered. During early lactation, increased Feeding frequency of a total mixed diet may most improve intake when dietary fermentability is moderate to high and management quality is poor. High-producing dairy cows achieve greater intake by increasing meal size and spending less time eating and ruminating per unit of intake. Control of feed intake and meal patterns may differ by parity and should be considered when grouping cattle. Daily exercise of tied dairy cows may not affect intake. Grouping strategy and group Feeding Behavior influence cow productivity and profitability. Competition for feed and space can be reduced by fenceline Feeding vs bunks. Optimum intake during the transition period will occur only if Feeding management accommodates normal Feeding Behavior of dairy cows.
I Kyriazakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in Feeding Behavior as possible indicators for the automatic monitoring of health disorders in dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 2008Co-Authors: I Kyriazakis, B J Tolkamp, L A Gonzalez, M P Coffey, A FerretAbstract:Changes in short-term Feeding Behavior of dairy cows that occur with the onset of the health disorders ketosis, acute locomotory problems, and chronic lameness were investigated using data collected during previous experiments. The objective of the study was to describe and quantify those changes and to test their suitability as early indicators of disease. Feed intake, Feeding time, and number of daily feeder visits were recorded with computerized feeders. Ketosis in 8 cows was characterized by rapid daily decreases in feed intake [-10.4 kg of fresh matter (FM)], Feeding time (-45.5 min), and Feeding rate (-25.3 g of FM/min) during an average of 3.6 d before diagnosis by farm staff. Acute locomotion disorders in 14 cows showed smaller daily decreases in feed intake (-1.57 kg of FM) and Feeding time (-19.1 min), and a daily increase in Feeding rate (+21.6 g of FM/min) during an average of 7.7 d from onset to diagnosis. The effects of chronic lameness on short-term Feeding Behavior were assessed by analyzing changes during the 30 d before and 30 d after all cows were checked for foot lesions and trimmed, and cows were classified as either lame (n = 81) or not lame (n = 62). During the 30 d before trimming, cows classified as lame showed significant changes in daily Feeding time, number of daily visits, and Feeding rate, but nonlame cows did not. In lame cows, the observed daily changes (slope) for the 30 d before and the 30 d after trimming were -0.75 and +0.32 min/d for daily Feeding time, -0.35 and +0.31 for daily number of visits, and +0.77 and -0.35 g/min for Feeding rate, respectively. These changes in Feeding Behavior were not different among cows consuming low or high forage rations. Daily Feeding time was the Feeding characteristic that changed most consistently in relation to the studied disorders. A simple algorithm was used to identify cows whose daily Feeding time was lower than the previous 7-d rolling average minus 2.5 standard deviations. The algorithm resulted in detection of more than 80% of cows with acute disorders at least 1 d before diagnosis by farm staff. Short-term Feeding Behavior showed very characteristic changes with the onset of disorders, which suggests that a system that monitors short-term Feeding Behavior can assist in the early identification of sick cows.
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effects of feed composition and stage of lactation on the short term Feeding Behavior of dairy cows
Journal of Dairy Science, 1998Co-Authors: N C Friggens, B L Nielsen, I Kyriazakis, B J Tolkamp, G C EmmansAbstract:Twenty Holstein-Friesian cows were assigned to one of four Feeding groups throughout lactation in a full change-over experiment using two total mixed diets. The low concentrate total mixed diet contained 100 g of concentrate/kg of fresh matter, and the high concentrate total mixed diet contained 300 g of concentrate/kg of fresh matter. The remainder of the total mixed diet was grass silage. The two changeover groups switched total mixed diets at 153 d of lactation; the other two treatment groups remained on their assigned diets throughout lactation. For analysis of short-term Feeding Behavior, four periods of 3 wk each were identified. The midpoints of these periods were ‐102, ‐18, 18, and 102 d from the changeover. The concentrate content of the total mixed diet significantly affected dry matter intake and all short-term Feeding Behavior variables. Cows that consumed the high concentrate total mixed diet had fewer but longer visits to the feeders and ate more feed per visit than did cows consuming the low concentrate total mixed diet. With one exception, no significant effect of stage of lactation was detected for any of the short-term Feeding Behavior variables. Despite a highly significant decline in dry matter intake as lactation progressed for cows consuming the high concentrate total mixed diet, there were no interactions between total mixed diet and stage of lactation for any of the short-term Feeding Behavior variables. Large differences in Feeding Behavior were detected between cows consuming the same total mixed diet. These last two findings suggest that the use of short-term Feeding Behavior variables to predict daily intake is unlikely to be successful.
Rongrong Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic Architecture of Feeding Behavior and Feed Efficiency in a Duroc Pig Population
Frontiers in genetics, 2018Co-Authors: Rongrong Ding, Shenping Zhou, Xingwang Wang, Zhuang Zhanwei, Jianping Quan, Zheng Enqin, Ming Yang, Xu Zheng, Cai GengyuanAbstract:Increasing feed efficiency is a major goal of breeders as it can reduce production cost and energy consumption. However, the genetic architecture of Feeding Behavior and feed efficiency traits remains elusive. To investigate the genetic architecture of feed efficiency in pigs, three Feeding Behavior traits (daily feed intake, number of daily visits to feeder, and duration of each visit) and two feed efficiency traits (feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake) were considered. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the five traits using a population of 1,008 Duroc pigs genotyped with an Illumina Porcine SNP50K BeadChip. A total of 9 genome-wide (P < 1.54E−06) and 35 suggestive (P < 3.08E−05) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Two pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on SSC 1 and SSC 7 were found to affect more than one trait. Markers WU_10.2_7_18377044 and DRGA0001676 are two key SNPs for these two pleiotropic QTLs. Marker WU_10.2_7_18377044 on SSC 7 contributed 2.16% and 2.37% of the observed phenotypic variance for DFI and RFI, respectively. The other SNP DRGA0001676 on SSC 1 explained 3.22% and 5.46% of the observed phenotypic variance for FCR and RFI, respectively. Finally, functions of candidate genes and gene set enrichment analysis indicate that most of the significant pathways are associated with hormonal and digestive gland secretion during Feeding. This study advances our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of Feeding Behavior and feed efficiency traits and provide an opportunity for increasing Feeding efficiency using marker-assisted selection or genomic selection in pigs.
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genome wide association analysis reveals genetic loci and candidate genes for Feeding Behavior and eating efficiency in duroc boars
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Rongrong Ding, Xingwang Wang, Jianping Quan, Ming Yang, Enqin Zheng, Huaqiang Yang, Yang Yang, Linxue Yang, Dewu Liu, Gengyuan CaiAbstract:Efficient use of feed resources is a challenge in the pork industry because the largest variability in expenditure is attributed to the cost of fodder. Efficiency of Feeding is directly related to Feeding Behavior. In order to identify genomic regions controlling Feeding Behavior and eating efficiency traits, 338 Duroc boars were used in this study. The Illumina Porcine SNP60K BeadChip was used for genotyping. Data pertaining to individual daily feed intake (DFI), total daily time spent in feeder (TPD), number of daily visits to feeder (NVD), average duration of each visit (TPV), mean feed intake per visit (FPV), mean feed intake rate (FR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were collected for these pigs. Despite the limited sample size, the genome-wide association study was acceptable to detect candidate regions association with Feeding Behavior and eating efficiency traits in pigs. We detected three genome-wide (P < 1.40E-06) and 11 suggestive (P < 2.79E-05) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-trait associations. Six SNPs were located in genomic regions where quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have previously been reported for Feeding Behavior and eating efficiency traits in pigs. Five candidate genes (SERPINA3, MYC, LEF1, PITX2, and MAP3K14) with biochemical and physiological roles that were relevant to Feeding Behavior and eating efficiency were discovered proximal to significant or suggestive markers. Gene ontology analysis indicated that most of the candidate genes were involved in the development of the hypothalamus (GO:0021854, P < 0.0398). Our results provide new insights into the genetic basis of Feeding Behavior and eating efficiency in pigs. Furthermore, some significant SNPs identified in this study could be incorporated into artificial selection programs for Duroc-related pigs to select for increased Feeding efficiency.
Yanqing Duan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Automatic recognition methods of fish Feeding Behavior in aquaculture: A review
Aquaculture, 2020Co-Authors: Zhenhu Wang, Zheng Miao, Yanqing DuanAbstract:Abstract Feeding is a major factor that determines the production costs and water quality of aquaculture. Analysis of fish Feeding Behavior forms an important part of the Feeding optimization. Fish Feeding has generally been performed with automatic Feeding machines which can lead to excessive or insufficient Feeding. Recognition of fish Feeding Behavior can provide valuable input for optimizing Feeding quantity. Due to the complexity of the environment and the uncertainty of fish Behavior, the correlation and accuracy of Behavior recognition are generally low. The accurate identification of fish Feeding Behavior till faces substantial challenges. This paper reviews the technical methods that have been used to identify fish Feeding Behavior in aquaculture over the past 30 years. The advantages and disadvantages of each method under different experimental conditions and applications are analyzed. Many methods are effective at evaluating and quantifying fish Feeding intensity, but the recognition accuracy still needs further improvement. It is proposed by this paper that technologies such as data fusion and deep learning has great potential for improving the recognition of fish Feeding Behavior.
Cai Gengyuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic Architecture of Feeding Behavior and Feed Efficiency in a Duroc Pig Population
Frontiers in genetics, 2018Co-Authors: Rongrong Ding, Shenping Zhou, Xingwang Wang, Zhuang Zhanwei, Jianping Quan, Zheng Enqin, Ming Yang, Xu Zheng, Cai GengyuanAbstract:Increasing feed efficiency is a major goal of breeders as it can reduce production cost and energy consumption. However, the genetic architecture of Feeding Behavior and feed efficiency traits remains elusive. To investigate the genetic architecture of feed efficiency in pigs, three Feeding Behavior traits (daily feed intake, number of daily visits to feeder, and duration of each visit) and two feed efficiency traits (feed conversion ratio and residual feed intake) were considered. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the five traits using a population of 1,008 Duroc pigs genotyped with an Illumina Porcine SNP50K BeadChip. A total of 9 genome-wide (P < 1.54E−06) and 35 suggestive (P < 3.08E−05) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. Two pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on SSC 1 and SSC 7 were found to affect more than one trait. Markers WU_10.2_7_18377044 and DRGA0001676 are two key SNPs for these two pleiotropic QTLs. Marker WU_10.2_7_18377044 on SSC 7 contributed 2.16% and 2.37% of the observed phenotypic variance for DFI and RFI, respectively. The other SNP DRGA0001676 on SSC 1 explained 3.22% and 5.46% of the observed phenotypic variance for FCR and RFI, respectively. Finally, functions of candidate genes and gene set enrichment analysis indicate that most of the significant pathways are associated with hormonal and digestive gland secretion during Feeding. This study advances our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of Feeding Behavior and feed efficiency traits and provide an opportunity for increasing Feeding efficiency using marker-assisted selection or genomic selection in pigs.
