The Experts below are selected from a list of 98133 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stephen I. Rothstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Brown-headed cowbird nestlings influence nestmate begging, but not parental Feeding, in hosts of three distinct sizes
2020Co-Authors: James W Rivers, Thomas M Loughin, Stephen I. RothsteinAbstract:Keywords: begging brood parasitism brown-headed cowbird host-parasite interaction Molothrus ater offspring solicitation parent Feeding provisioning behaviour Avian brood parasites typically depress the fitness of their hosts by reducing the number of host offspring produced, yet little is known about how parasitic nestlings influence the behaviour of host parents and host offspring. In this study, we used three hosts of the brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater, that varied in size (i.e. smaller, similar to and larger than cowbirds of a given age) to determine whether parasitic nestlings altered patterns of food provisioning by host parents and begging by host young under field conditions. Adult provisioning did not change in the presence of a cowbird but instead was influenced by Feeding Treatment and host size. In parasitized broods where nestlings differed in size (i.e. the small and large hosts), the larger nestling received the majority of food brought to the nest, regardless of whether it was the cowbird or host nestling. In contrast, similar-sized host nestlings received a similar amount of food in parasitized and unparasitized host broods. Relative to unparasitized broods, the presence of a cowbird led to increased begging intensity by the small host, had no clear effect on begging behaviour of the intermediate-sized host, and reduced begging intensity of the large host. Taken together, these results suggest the presence of a cowbird did not lead to changes in provisioning behaviour in parents, and the extent to which cowbirds influenced host begging behaviour depended on the size of the host.
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brown headed cowbird nestlings influence nestmate begging but not parental Feeding in hosts of three distinct sizes
Animal Behaviour, 2010Co-Authors: James W Rivers, Thomas M Loughin, Stephen I. RothsteinAbstract:Avian brood parasites typically depress the fitness of their hosts by reducing the number of host offspring produced, yet little is known about how parasitic nestlings influence the behaviour of host parents and host offspring. In this study, we used three hosts of the brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater, that varied in size (i.e. smaller, similar to and larger than cowbirds of a given age) to determine whether parasitic nestlings altered patterns of food provisioning by host parents and begging by host young under field conditions. Adult provisioning did not change in the presence of a cowbird but instead was influenced by Feeding Treatment and host size. In parasitized broods where nestlings differed in size (i.e. the small and large hosts), the larger nestling received the majority of food brought to the nest, regardless of whether it was the cowbird or host nestling. In contrast, similar-sized host nestlings received a similar amount of food in parasitized and unparasitized host broods. Relative to unparasitized broods, the presence of a cowbird led to increased begging intensity by the small host, had no clear effect on begging behaviour of the intermediate-sized host, and reduced begging intensity of the large host. Taken together, these results suggest the presence of a cowbird did not lead to changes in provisioning behaviour in parents, and the extent to which cowbirds influenced host begging behaviour depended on the size of the host.
R Y Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of aphid behavior on efficiency of transmission of soybean mosaic virus by the soybean colonizing aphid aphis glycines
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: R Y WangAbstract:ABSTRACT The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) was a poor vector (0.83% transmission) when the aphids were allowed overnight acquisition feed on Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-infected soybean leaves. However, A. glycines was shown to be a very efficient vector (34.72% transmission) when individual aphids were allowed a 1-min acquisition probe on the same infected leaves used for the Feeding Treatment. Similar results were obtained with Myzus persicae and tobacco in transmission experiments of the potyviruses Tobacco etch virus (Feeding: 1.36%; probing: 45.5%) and Tobacco vein mottling virus (Feeding: 2.0%; probing: 47.5%). A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect SMV in single soybean aphids using a pair of primers designed to amplify a 469-bp PCR fragment in the coding region of SMV coat protein. In contrast to the low transmission rate obtained with the soybean aphids that acquired virus through overnight Feeding, RT-PCR detected SMV in 100% of these aphids. Int...
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effect of aphid behavior on efficiency of transmission of soybean mosaic virus by the soybean colonizing aphid aphis glycines
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: R Y Wang, Said A GhabrialAbstract:The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) was a poor vector (0.83% transmission) when the aphids were allowed overnight acquisition feed on Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-infected soybean leaves. However, A. glycines was shown to be a very efficient vector (34.72% transmission) when individual aphids were allowed a 1-min acquisition probe on the same infected leaves used for the Feeding Treatment. Similar results were obtained with Myzus persicae and tobacco in transmission experiments of the potyviruses Tobacco etch virus (Feeding: 1.36%; probing: 45.5%) and Tobacco vein mottling virus (Feeding: 2.0%; probing: 47.5%). A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect SMV in single soybean aphids using a pair of primers designed to amplify a 469-bp PCR fragment in the coding region of SMV coat protein. In contrast to the low transmission rate obtained with the soybean aphids that acquired virus through overnight Feeding, RT-PCR detected SMV in 100% of these aphids. Interestingly, the rate of SMV detection by RT-PCR in aphids that were allowed a 1-min acquisition probe (31.67%) coincided with percent transmission (34.72%). The practical application of RT-PCR in detecting nonpersistently transmitted viruses and its implications for virus epidemiology are discussed.
Jorge Hendrichs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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methyl eugenol aromatherapy enhances the mating competitiveness of male bactrocera carambolae drew hancock diptera tephritidae
Journal of Insect Physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Marc J B Vreysen, Carlos Caceres, Todd E Shelly, Jorge HendrichsAbstract:Abstract Males of Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) are strongly attracted to methyl eugenol (ME) (1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)benzene), a natural compound occurring in variety of plant species. ME-Feeding is known to enhance male B. carambolae mating competitiveness 3 days after Feeding. Enhanced male mating competitiveness due to ME-Feeding can increase the effectiveness of sterile insect technique (SIT) manifolds. However, the common methods for emergence and holding fruit flies prior to field releases do not allow the inclusion of any ME Feeding Treatment after fly emergence. Therefore this study was planned to assess the effects of ME-aromatherapy in comparison with ME Feeding on male B. carambolae mating competitiveness as aromatherapy is pragmatic for fruit flies emergence and holding facilities. Effects of ME application by Feeding or by aromatherapy for enhanced mating competitiveness were evaluated 3d after Treatments in field cages. ME Feeding and ME aromatherapy enhanced male mating competitiveness as compared to untreated males. Males treated with ME either by Feeding or by aromatherapy showed similar mating success but mating success was significantly higher than that of untreated males. The results are discussed in the context of application of ME by aromatherapy as a pragmatic approach in a mass-rearing facility and its implications for effectiveness of SIT.
James W Rivers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Brown-headed cowbird nestlings influence nestmate begging, but not parental Feeding, in hosts of three distinct sizes
2020Co-Authors: James W Rivers, Thomas M Loughin, Stephen I. RothsteinAbstract:Keywords: begging brood parasitism brown-headed cowbird host-parasite interaction Molothrus ater offspring solicitation parent Feeding provisioning behaviour Avian brood parasites typically depress the fitness of their hosts by reducing the number of host offspring produced, yet little is known about how parasitic nestlings influence the behaviour of host parents and host offspring. In this study, we used three hosts of the brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater, that varied in size (i.e. smaller, similar to and larger than cowbirds of a given age) to determine whether parasitic nestlings altered patterns of food provisioning by host parents and begging by host young under field conditions. Adult provisioning did not change in the presence of a cowbird but instead was influenced by Feeding Treatment and host size. In parasitized broods where nestlings differed in size (i.e. the small and large hosts), the larger nestling received the majority of food brought to the nest, regardless of whether it was the cowbird or host nestling. In contrast, similar-sized host nestlings received a similar amount of food in parasitized and unparasitized host broods. Relative to unparasitized broods, the presence of a cowbird led to increased begging intensity by the small host, had no clear effect on begging behaviour of the intermediate-sized host, and reduced begging intensity of the large host. Taken together, these results suggest the presence of a cowbird did not lead to changes in provisioning behaviour in parents, and the extent to which cowbirds influenced host begging behaviour depended on the size of the host.
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brown headed cowbird nestlings influence nestmate begging but not parental Feeding in hosts of three distinct sizes
Animal Behaviour, 2010Co-Authors: James W Rivers, Thomas M Loughin, Stephen I. RothsteinAbstract:Avian brood parasites typically depress the fitness of their hosts by reducing the number of host offspring produced, yet little is known about how parasitic nestlings influence the behaviour of host parents and host offspring. In this study, we used three hosts of the brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater, that varied in size (i.e. smaller, similar to and larger than cowbirds of a given age) to determine whether parasitic nestlings altered patterns of food provisioning by host parents and begging by host young under field conditions. Adult provisioning did not change in the presence of a cowbird but instead was influenced by Feeding Treatment and host size. In parasitized broods where nestlings differed in size (i.e. the small and large hosts), the larger nestling received the majority of food brought to the nest, regardless of whether it was the cowbird or host nestling. In contrast, similar-sized host nestlings received a similar amount of food in parasitized and unparasitized host broods. Relative to unparasitized broods, the presence of a cowbird led to increased begging intensity by the small host, had no clear effect on begging behaviour of the intermediate-sized host, and reduced begging intensity of the large host. Taken together, these results suggest the presence of a cowbird did not lead to changes in provisioning behaviour in parents, and the extent to which cowbirds influenced host begging behaviour depended on the size of the host.
Said A Ghabrial - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of aphid behavior on efficiency of transmission of soybean mosaic virus by the soybean colonizing aphid aphis glycines
Plant Disease, 2002Co-Authors: R Y Wang, Said A GhabrialAbstract:The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) was a poor vector (0.83% transmission) when the aphids were allowed overnight acquisition feed on Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)-infected soybean leaves. However, A. glycines was shown to be a very efficient vector (34.72% transmission) when individual aphids were allowed a 1-min acquisition probe on the same infected leaves used for the Feeding Treatment. Similar results were obtained with Myzus persicae and tobacco in transmission experiments of the potyviruses Tobacco etch virus (Feeding: 1.36%; probing: 45.5%) and Tobacco vein mottling virus (Feeding: 2.0%; probing: 47.5%). A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect SMV in single soybean aphids using a pair of primers designed to amplify a 469-bp PCR fragment in the coding region of SMV coat protein. In contrast to the low transmission rate obtained with the soybean aphids that acquired virus through overnight Feeding, RT-PCR detected SMV in 100% of these aphids. Interestingly, the rate of SMV detection by RT-PCR in aphids that were allowed a 1-min acquisition probe (31.67%) coincided with percent transmission (34.72%). The practical application of RT-PCR in detecting nonpersistently transmitted viruses and its implications for virus epidemiology are discussed.
