The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anne Siirapietikainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short term responses of soil macroarthropod community to clear Felling and alternative forest regeneration methods
Forest Ecology and Management, 2003Co-Authors: Anne Siirapietikainen, Jari Haimi, Juha SiitonenAbstract:Abstract We studied the influence of clear Felling and new alternative forest regeneration methods on soil macroarthropods during the first 3 years after the harvesting. We focused on changes in the abundances of functional groups, and community structure at the levels of species (Coleoptera) or higher taxa. The experiment was carried out in central Finland in spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands on 1 ha study plots. The following five treatments were used in addition to the untreated controls: (1) selection Felling (70% of the stand volume retained), (2) gap Felling (0.1–0.2 ha gaps felled), (3) gap Felling with site preparation, (4) retention Felling (small groups of trees retained on clear-felled area) and (5) traditional clear Felling with site preparation. As expected the changes in macroarthropod community were attributed to harvesting intensity (proportion of living stand volume removed): clear Felling and gap Fellings induced the clearest changes, while selection Felling had hardly any impacts. The treatments had no effects on total numbers of macroarthropods during the 3-year study period. Clear Felling and gap Felling followed by harrowing had a negative effect on predators, among which spiders decreased the most, and herbivores. Gap Felling without harrowing had similar but not as strong effects as the treatments with harrowing. Further, in the unprepared gaps herbivores showed signs to recover in the second growing season after the treatment. Community structure (analysed by the NMDS ordination method) was affected by the treatments both at high taxonomic level and at the species level. At higher taxonomic level, the changes were induced by clear Felling and gap Fellings; the alterations being, however, no larger than natural temporal variation. At the species level (Coleoptera adults), the effects on community structure were more pronounced: the set of dominant beetle species changed almost completely after clear Felling and the gap Fellings during the study period, but the number of species or evenness values were not affected by the treatments. Changes in community structure at both resolutions correlated clearly with harvesting intensity and subsequent vegetation change. Our study gave evidence that the total abundance of macroarthropods, species diversity as well as community structure at higher taxonomic level are relatively resistant in the short term to environmental changes caused by forest regeneration practices in boreal coniferous forests.
U. Ammer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of selection Felling and gap Felling on forest arthropod communities: a case study in a spruce-beech stand of southern Bavaria
European Journal of Forest Research, 2006Co-Authors: M. Goßner, K. Engel, U. AmmerAbstract:The effects of selection Felling and gap Felling on arthropod communities were studied over 3 years in a spruce-beech stand in southern Bavaria, Germany. The arthropods were sampled in three strata, using pitfall traps on the forest floor as well as flight-interception traps near the forest floor and in the tree crowns. Coleoptera, Araneae, Opiliones, Heteroptera, Isopoda, Diplopoda and Neuropterida were determined to species level and assigned to ecological guilds. In general, the effects of both treatments on arthropod communities were small. An increase of eurytopic species and species of open woodland as well as of indwellers of deadwood was observed, mainly in the first year after Felling. However, forest species dominated the communities in all plots, strata and years. In contrast to selection Fellings, gap Fellings might favour potential pest species. Nevertheless, in the studied managed spruce-dominated forest site out of the natural growth range of spruce, negative ecological effects such as the repression of forest arthropod species are not expected by small scale Fellings.
M Komulainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the visual effect of Felling on small and medium scale landscapes in north eastern finland
Journal of Environmental Management, 1999Co-Authors: E Karjalainen, M KomulainenAbstract:Abstract The aim of the study was to assess how to locate logging operations in the scenically most appropriate way. A second objective was to find out whether the visual design principles adopted elsewhere are applicable in Finland. Different Felling alternatives were created partly on the basis of landscape-architectural principles, and partly on the basis of actual Felling methods. The options were illustrated as slides produced by computer software. A total of 190 respondents evaluated the alternatives shown in 23 slides. Forest scenes without any notable logging operations were preferred to those with the Felling area visible. Conservation of hill silhouettes was important, regardless of whether the skyline was uniform or ragged. Seed trees improved the scenic appearance of Felling sites, but residual solitary trees did not significantly enhance the visual quality of the scene. Summit forests were aesthetically most vulnerable to Fellings, whereas lake shorelines and hillsides were more tolerant. A forest strip along shorelines improved the visual quality of Felling sites. Irregular shapes were preferred to geometrical ones, as were horizontal shapes to vertical ones. Forestry personnel gave higher ranks than local residents and tourists to most of the logging options, while the respondents» preferences concerning untouched forests did not differ. Forestry experts also made more distinctions among the alternative options than the other groups. The results obtained would suggest that the visual design principles of logging are, to some extent, related to specific cultural contexts and natural conditions. In addition, principles adopted from landscape architecture are not always consistent with the public's preferences.
Juha Siitonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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short term responses of soil macroarthropod community to clear Felling and alternative forest regeneration methods
Forest Ecology and Management, 2003Co-Authors: Anne Siirapietikainen, Jari Haimi, Juha SiitonenAbstract:Abstract We studied the influence of clear Felling and new alternative forest regeneration methods on soil macroarthropods during the first 3 years after the harvesting. We focused on changes in the abundances of functional groups, and community structure at the levels of species (Coleoptera) or higher taxa. The experiment was carried out in central Finland in spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands on 1 ha study plots. The following five treatments were used in addition to the untreated controls: (1) selection Felling (70% of the stand volume retained), (2) gap Felling (0.1–0.2 ha gaps felled), (3) gap Felling with site preparation, (4) retention Felling (small groups of trees retained on clear-felled area) and (5) traditional clear Felling with site preparation. As expected the changes in macroarthropod community were attributed to harvesting intensity (proportion of living stand volume removed): clear Felling and gap Fellings induced the clearest changes, while selection Felling had hardly any impacts. The treatments had no effects on total numbers of macroarthropods during the 3-year study period. Clear Felling and gap Felling followed by harrowing had a negative effect on predators, among which spiders decreased the most, and herbivores. Gap Felling without harrowing had similar but not as strong effects as the treatments with harrowing. Further, in the unprepared gaps herbivores showed signs to recover in the second growing season after the treatment. Community structure (analysed by the NMDS ordination method) was affected by the treatments both at high taxonomic level and at the species level. At higher taxonomic level, the changes were induced by clear Felling and gap Fellings; the alterations being, however, no larger than natural temporal variation. At the species level (Coleoptera adults), the effects on community structure were more pronounced: the set of dominant beetle species changed almost completely after clear Felling and the gap Fellings during the study period, but the number of species or evenness values were not affected by the treatments. Changes in community structure at both resolutions correlated clearly with harvesting intensity and subsequent vegetation change. Our study gave evidence that the total abundance of macroarthropods, species diversity as well as community structure at higher taxonomic level are relatively resistant in the short term to environmental changes caused by forest regeneration practices in boreal coniferous forests.
Ilkka Vanhamajamaa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impacts of retention Felling on coarse woody debris cwd in mature boreal spruce forests in finland
Biodiversity and Conservation, 2004Co-Authors: Harri Hautala, Jyrki Jalonen, Sanna Laakalindberg, Ilkka VanhamajamaaAbstract:We studied the immediate changes in pre-treatment coarse woody debris (CWD) after retention Felling and mechanical site preparation (scarification) in mature Picea abies-dominated boreal forest. Retention Felling and scarification were hypothetised to affect the amount of CWD. The disturbance caused to CWD was assumed to depend on species and decay class. Logs were inventoried before Fellings, after Fellings, and after scarification, estimating the damage percentage for each log. After Felling, 7.8% of the total pre-treatment volume of CWD was destroyed in the felled area. After scarification, the decline from pre-treatment volume was 67.6% in the felled area. The amount of CWD decreased also inside the retention tree groups; in the 1st post-treatment season, 4.6% was destroyed of the pre-treatment volume and 20% in the 2nd season. Of the retained trees, 40% were uprooted by the end of the 2nd season. If the majority of the initial downed CWD is destroyed by scarification, as our results show, we can estimate that since scarification became a widely used regeneration method in the 1960s, at least from 4 to 6 million m3 of CWD has already been destroyed in Finland. The role of CWD as a key element for biodiversity in boreal forest is generally accepted, which has led to retention of trees in Fellings instead of clear Felling. We suggest that at least as important as leaving trees in order to maintain continuum in CWD and species diversity is to preserve existing CWD in Fellings over the regeneration phase. This can be done using less destructive harvesting methods, reduced use of scarification and placing retention tree groups in patches with high amounts of CWD.
