The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shigeyuki Kawano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A SUPERMAN-like Gene is Exclusively Expressed in Female Flowers of the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia
Plant & cell physiology, 2009Co-Authors: Yusuke Kazama, Ayako Koizumi, Makoto Fujiwara, Kiyoshi Nishihara, Rie Nishiyama, Etsuko Kifune, Tomoko Abe, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:To elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying dioecious flower development, the present study analyzed a SUPERMAN (SUP) homolog, SlSUP, which was identified in Silene latifolia. The sex of this plant is determined by heteromorphic X and Y sex chromosomes. It was revealed that SlSUP is a single-copy autosomal gene expressed exclusively in Female Flowers. Introduction of a genomic copy of SlSUP into the Arabidopsis thaliana sup (sup-2) mutant complemented the excess-stamen and infertile phenotypes of sup-2, and the overexpression of SlSUP in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in reduced stamen numbers as well as the suppression of petal elongation. During the development of the Female flower in S. latifolia, the expression of SlSUP is first detectable in whorls 2 and 3 when the normal expression pattern of the B-class flowering genes was already established and persisted in the stamen primordia until the ovule had matured completely. In addition, significant expression of SlSUP was detected in the ovules, suggestive of the involvement of this gene in ovule development. Furthermore, it was revealed that the de-suppression of stamen development by infection of the S. latifolia Female flower with Microbotryum violaceum was accompanied by a significant reduction in SlSUP transcript levels in the induced organs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SlSUP is a Female flower-specific gene and suggest that SlSUP has a positive role in the Female flower developmental pathways of S. latifolia.
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Expression of the Floral B-Function Gene SLM2 in Female Flowers of Silene latifolia Infected with the Smut Fungus Microbotryum violaceum
Plant & cell physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Yusuke Kazama, Ayako Koizumi, Wakana Uchida, Amr Ageez, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant in which sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes. Expression of the B-function gene SLM2, an ortholog of PISTILLATA (PI) in Arabidopsis, was examined by in situ hybridization. SLM2 was not expressed in suppressed stamens of Female Flowers, but was expressed in developing stamens of smut-infected Female Flowers. These results indicate that the control of SLM2 is independent of the presence of the Y chromosome. Smut-infected Females provide a useful system for clarifying the relationship between the B-function gene and the sex determination factor.
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Morphological development of anthers induced by the dimorphic smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum in Female Flowers of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia.
Planta, 2003Co-Authors: Wakana Uchida, Yusuke Kazama, Sachihiro Matsunaga, Ryuji Sugiyama, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:When inoculated with the dimorphic smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml and Oberwinkler, the Female flower of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia (Miller) E.H.L. Krause develops anther-like structures filled with spores instead of pollen grains. Using natural scanning electron microscopy, Nomarski interference microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, we investigated the morphological modifications of the host plant resulting from this parasitism and the localization of smut hyphae in the flower bud. Flowers of infected plants lasted significantly longer than those of healthy plants, probably because the infection strengthened floral organs, such as the flower base and the anther filaments. Smut hyphae were observed throughout all organs of the young flower buds of infected plants, including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil primordia. In healthy Female Flowers, anthers initiated sporogenous cell formation, but lacked parietal cell layers. By contrast, the parietal cell layers of infected Female Flowers differentiated into tapetal tissue, middle cell layers, and endothecial layers, as in the anthers of healthy male Flowers. Smut spore formation in the infected anther was initiated in intercellular regions between the sporogenous cells, resulting in degeneration of premature sporogenous cells, tapetal tissue, and middle cell layers. The development of the endothecial layers and epidermis in the infected anther were morphologically normal.
Yusuke Kazama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A SUPERMAN-like Gene is Exclusively Expressed in Female Flowers of the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia
Plant & cell physiology, 2009Co-Authors: Yusuke Kazama, Ayako Koizumi, Makoto Fujiwara, Kiyoshi Nishihara, Rie Nishiyama, Etsuko Kifune, Tomoko Abe, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:To elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying dioecious flower development, the present study analyzed a SUPERMAN (SUP) homolog, SlSUP, which was identified in Silene latifolia. The sex of this plant is determined by heteromorphic X and Y sex chromosomes. It was revealed that SlSUP is a single-copy autosomal gene expressed exclusively in Female Flowers. Introduction of a genomic copy of SlSUP into the Arabidopsis thaliana sup (sup-2) mutant complemented the excess-stamen and infertile phenotypes of sup-2, and the overexpression of SlSUP in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in reduced stamen numbers as well as the suppression of petal elongation. During the development of the Female flower in S. latifolia, the expression of SlSUP is first detectable in whorls 2 and 3 when the normal expression pattern of the B-class flowering genes was already established and persisted in the stamen primordia until the ovule had matured completely. In addition, significant expression of SlSUP was detected in the ovules, suggestive of the involvement of this gene in ovule development. Furthermore, it was revealed that the de-suppression of stamen development by infection of the S. latifolia Female flower with Microbotryum violaceum was accompanied by a significant reduction in SlSUP transcript levels in the induced organs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SlSUP is a Female flower-specific gene and suggest that SlSUP has a positive role in the Female flower developmental pathways of S. latifolia.
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Expression of the Floral B-Function Gene SLM2 in Female Flowers of Silene latifolia Infected with the Smut Fungus Microbotryum violaceum
Plant & cell physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Yusuke Kazama, Ayako Koizumi, Wakana Uchida, Amr Ageez, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant in which sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes. Expression of the B-function gene SLM2, an ortholog of PISTILLATA (PI) in Arabidopsis, was examined by in situ hybridization. SLM2 was not expressed in suppressed stamens of Female Flowers, but was expressed in developing stamens of smut-infected Female Flowers. These results indicate that the control of SLM2 is independent of the presence of the Y chromosome. Smut-infected Females provide a useful system for clarifying the relationship between the B-function gene and the sex determination factor.
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Morphological development of anthers induced by the dimorphic smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum in Female Flowers of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia.
Planta, 2003Co-Authors: Wakana Uchida, Yusuke Kazama, Sachihiro Matsunaga, Ryuji Sugiyama, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:When inoculated with the dimorphic smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml and Oberwinkler, the Female flower of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia (Miller) E.H.L. Krause develops anther-like structures filled with spores instead of pollen grains. Using natural scanning electron microscopy, Nomarski interference microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, we investigated the morphological modifications of the host plant resulting from this parasitism and the localization of smut hyphae in the flower bud. Flowers of infected plants lasted significantly longer than those of healthy plants, probably because the infection strengthened floral organs, such as the flower base and the anther filaments. Smut hyphae were observed throughout all organs of the young flower buds of infected plants, including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil primordia. In healthy Female Flowers, anthers initiated sporogenous cell formation, but lacked parietal cell layers. By contrast, the parietal cell layers of infected Female Flowers differentiated into tapetal tissue, middle cell layers, and endothecial layers, as in the anthers of healthy male Flowers. Smut spore formation in the infected anther was initiated in intercellular regions between the sporogenous cells, resulting in degeneration of premature sporogenous cells, tapetal tissue, and middle cell layers. The development of the endothecial layers and epidermis in the infected anther were morphologically normal.
Ayako Koizumi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A SUPERMAN-like Gene is Exclusively Expressed in Female Flowers of the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia
Plant & cell physiology, 2009Co-Authors: Yusuke Kazama, Ayako Koizumi, Makoto Fujiwara, Kiyoshi Nishihara, Rie Nishiyama, Etsuko Kifune, Tomoko Abe, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:To elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying dioecious flower development, the present study analyzed a SUPERMAN (SUP) homolog, SlSUP, which was identified in Silene latifolia. The sex of this plant is determined by heteromorphic X and Y sex chromosomes. It was revealed that SlSUP is a single-copy autosomal gene expressed exclusively in Female Flowers. Introduction of a genomic copy of SlSUP into the Arabidopsis thaliana sup (sup-2) mutant complemented the excess-stamen and infertile phenotypes of sup-2, and the overexpression of SlSUP in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in reduced stamen numbers as well as the suppression of petal elongation. During the development of the Female flower in S. latifolia, the expression of SlSUP is first detectable in whorls 2 and 3 when the normal expression pattern of the B-class flowering genes was already established and persisted in the stamen primordia until the ovule had matured completely. In addition, significant expression of SlSUP was detected in the ovules, suggestive of the involvement of this gene in ovule development. Furthermore, it was revealed that the de-suppression of stamen development by infection of the S. latifolia Female flower with Microbotryum violaceum was accompanied by a significant reduction in SlSUP transcript levels in the induced organs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SlSUP is a Female flower-specific gene and suggest that SlSUP has a positive role in the Female flower developmental pathways of S. latifolia.
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Expression of the Floral B-Function Gene SLM2 in Female Flowers of Silene latifolia Infected with the Smut Fungus Microbotryum violaceum
Plant & cell physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Yusuke Kazama, Ayako Koizumi, Wakana Uchida, Amr Ageez, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant in which sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes. Expression of the B-function gene SLM2, an ortholog of PISTILLATA (PI) in Arabidopsis, was examined by in situ hybridization. SLM2 was not expressed in suppressed stamens of Female Flowers, but was expressed in developing stamens of smut-infected Female Flowers. These results indicate that the control of SLM2 is independent of the presence of the Y chromosome. Smut-infected Females provide a useful system for clarifying the relationship between the B-function gene and the sex determination factor.
Wakana Uchida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Expression of the Floral B-Function Gene SLM2 in Female Flowers of Silene latifolia Infected with the Smut Fungus Microbotryum violaceum
Plant & cell physiology, 2005Co-Authors: Yusuke Kazama, Ayako Koizumi, Wakana Uchida, Amr Ageez, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:Silene latifolia is a dioecious plant in which sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes. Expression of the B-function gene SLM2, an ortholog of PISTILLATA (PI) in Arabidopsis, was examined by in situ hybridization. SLM2 was not expressed in suppressed stamens of Female Flowers, but was expressed in developing stamens of smut-infected Female Flowers. These results indicate that the control of SLM2 is independent of the presence of the Y chromosome. Smut-infected Females provide a useful system for clarifying the relationship between the B-function gene and the sex determination factor.
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Morphological development of anthers induced by the dimorphic smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum in Female Flowers of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia.
Planta, 2003Co-Authors: Wakana Uchida, Yusuke Kazama, Sachihiro Matsunaga, Ryuji Sugiyama, Shigeyuki KawanoAbstract:When inoculated with the dimorphic smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum (Pers.) G. Deml and Oberwinkler, the Female flower of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia (Miller) E.H.L. Krause develops anther-like structures filled with spores instead of pollen grains. Using natural scanning electron microscopy, Nomarski interference microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy, we investigated the morphological modifications of the host plant resulting from this parasitism and the localization of smut hyphae in the flower bud. Flowers of infected plants lasted significantly longer than those of healthy plants, probably because the infection strengthened floral organs, such as the flower base and the anther filaments. Smut hyphae were observed throughout all organs of the young flower buds of infected plants, including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil primordia. In healthy Female Flowers, anthers initiated sporogenous cell formation, but lacked parietal cell layers. By contrast, the parietal cell layers of infected Female Flowers differentiated into tapetal tissue, middle cell layers, and endothecial layers, as in the anthers of healthy male Flowers. Smut spore formation in the infected anther was initiated in intercellular regions between the sporogenous cells, resulting in degeneration of premature sporogenous cells, tapetal tissue, and middle cell layers. The development of the endothecial layers and epidermis in the infected anther were morphologically normal.
Yuting Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flower Development and Sex Determination between Male and Female Flowers in Vernicia fordii.
Frontiers in plant science, 2017Co-Authors: Yingji Mao, Wenbo Liu, Chen Xue, Jinyan Hou, Yuting WangAbstract:Vernicia fordii is a monoecious and diclinous species with male and Female Flowers on the same inflorescence. Low Female to male flower ratio is one of the main reasons for low yield in this species. However, little is known of its floral development and sex determination. Here, according to the results of scanning electron microscopy and histological analysis, the floral development of V. fordii was divided into 12 stages and the first morphological divergence between the male and Female Flowers was found to occur at stage 7. The male Flowers are always unisexual, but the Female Flowers present bisexual characteristics, with sterile stamen (staminode) restricted to pre-meiosis of mother sporogenous cells and cell death occurring at later development stages. To further elucidate the molecular mechanism underling sex determination at the divergence stage for male and Female Flowers, comparative transcriptome analysis was performed. In total, 56,065 unigenes were generated and 608 genes were differentially expressed between male and Female Flowers, among which 310 and 298 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) showed high expression levels in males and Females, respectively. The transcriptome data showed that the sexual dimorphism of Female Flowers was affected by jasmonic acid, transcription factors and some genes related to the floral meristem activity. 10 candidate genes showed consistent expression in the qRT-PCR validation and DEGs data. In this study, we provide developmental characterization and transcriptomic information for better understanding of the development of unisexual Flowers and the regulatory networks underlying the mechanism of sex determination in V. fordii, which would be helpful in the molecular breeding of V. fordii to improve the yield output.
