The Experts below are selected from a list of 270 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Denise Kall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nearly universal but somewhat distinct the Feminization of poverty in affluent western democracies 1969 2000
Social Science Research, 2008Co-Authors: David J. Brady, Denise KallAbstract:Abstract Our study extends research on the Feminization of poverty by analyzing the variation in women’s, men’s, and feminized poverty across affluent democracies from 1969 to 2000. Specifically, we address three issues. First, we provide more recent estimates of adult women’s and men’s poverty and the ratio of women’s to men’s poverty with two different poverty measures. We suggest that by incorporating the elderly, the Feminization of poverty may be greater than previously estimated. The Feminization of poverty is nearly universal across affluent Western democracies 1969–2000. Second, we show that women’s, men’s and overall poverty are highly correlated, but the Feminization of poverty diverges as a distinct social problem. Third, we find that women’s, men’s and overall poverty share several correlates, particularly the welfare state, though some differences exist. At the same time, several of our findings differ with past research. The Feminization of poverty is only influenced by social security transfers, single motherhood and the sex ratios of the elderly and labor force participation. While power resources theory probably best explains women’s, men’s and overall poverty, structural theory may best explain the Feminization of poverty. We conclude by discussing how analyses of the Feminization of poverty contribute to debates on poverty and gender inequality.
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Nearly universal, but somewhat distinct: The Feminization of poverty in affluent Western democracies, 1969–2000☆
Social Science Research, 2008Co-Authors: David J. Brady, Denise KallAbstract:Abstract Our study extends research on the Feminization of poverty by analyzing the variation in women’s, men’s, and feminized poverty across affluent democracies from 1969 to 2000. Specifically, we address three issues. First, we provide more recent estimates of adult women’s and men’s poverty and the ratio of women’s to men’s poverty with two different poverty measures. We suggest that by incorporating the elderly, the Feminization of poverty may be greater than previously estimated. The Feminization of poverty is nearly universal across affluent Western democracies 1969–2000. Second, we show that women’s, men’s and overall poverty are highly correlated, but the Feminization of poverty diverges as a distinct social problem. Third, we find that women’s, men’s and overall poverty share several correlates, particularly the welfare state, though some differences exist. At the same time, several of our findings differ with past research. The Feminization of poverty is only influenced by social security transfers, single motherhood and the sex ratios of the elderly and labor force participation. While power resources theory probably best explains women’s, men’s and overall poverty, structural theory may best explain the Feminization of poverty. We conclude by discussing how analyses of the Feminization of poverty contribute to debates on poverty and gender inequality.
David J. Brady - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nearly universal but somewhat distinct the Feminization of poverty in affluent western democracies 1969 2000
Social Science Research, 2008Co-Authors: David J. Brady, Denise KallAbstract:Abstract Our study extends research on the Feminization of poverty by analyzing the variation in women’s, men’s, and feminized poverty across affluent democracies from 1969 to 2000. Specifically, we address three issues. First, we provide more recent estimates of adult women’s and men’s poverty and the ratio of women’s to men’s poverty with two different poverty measures. We suggest that by incorporating the elderly, the Feminization of poverty may be greater than previously estimated. The Feminization of poverty is nearly universal across affluent Western democracies 1969–2000. Second, we show that women’s, men’s and overall poverty are highly correlated, but the Feminization of poverty diverges as a distinct social problem. Third, we find that women’s, men’s and overall poverty share several correlates, particularly the welfare state, though some differences exist. At the same time, several of our findings differ with past research. The Feminization of poverty is only influenced by social security transfers, single motherhood and the sex ratios of the elderly and labor force participation. While power resources theory probably best explains women’s, men’s and overall poverty, structural theory may best explain the Feminization of poverty. We conclude by discussing how analyses of the Feminization of poverty contribute to debates on poverty and gender inequality.
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Nearly universal, but somewhat distinct: The Feminization of poverty in affluent Western democracies, 1969–2000☆
Social Science Research, 2008Co-Authors: David J. Brady, Denise KallAbstract:Abstract Our study extends research on the Feminization of poverty by analyzing the variation in women’s, men’s, and feminized poverty across affluent democracies from 1969 to 2000. Specifically, we address three issues. First, we provide more recent estimates of adult women’s and men’s poverty and the ratio of women’s to men’s poverty with two different poverty measures. We suggest that by incorporating the elderly, the Feminization of poverty may be greater than previously estimated. The Feminization of poverty is nearly universal across affluent Western democracies 1969–2000. Second, we show that women’s, men’s and overall poverty are highly correlated, but the Feminization of poverty diverges as a distinct social problem. Third, we find that women’s, men’s and overall poverty share several correlates, particularly the welfare state, though some differences exist. At the same time, several of our findings differ with past research. The Feminization of poverty is only influenced by social security transfers, single motherhood and the sex ratios of the elderly and labor force participation. While power resources theory probably best explains women’s, men’s and overall poverty, structural theory may best explain the Feminization of poverty. We conclude by discussing how analyses of the Feminization of poverty contribute to debates on poverty and gender inequality.
Zhanfen Qin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of estrogen receptor target genes involved in gonadal Feminization caused by estrogen in xenopus laevis
Aquatic Toxicology, 2021Co-Authors: Yanping Shen, Yiming Xiong, Zhanfen QinAbstract:Abstract Estrogens and estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals can cause gonadal Feminization in some vertebrates mainly through estrogen receptor (ER), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. The present study aimed to identify ER target genes involved in estrogen-caused gonadal Feminization in Xenopus laevis. Based on our recent transcriptomic data that 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) altered gene transcription in feminizing gonads of male X. laevis at NF stages 48, 50, and 52, we searched estrogen response element (ERE) using the Dragon ERE Finder software in the promoter region of all the E2-regulated genes. As a result, 163 genes containing ERE sequence were identified as predicted ER target genes at NF stage 50 (on the 14th day postfertilization), a crucial stage for gonadal Feminization. Then, some of these predicted ER target genes were further investigated, mainly including the genes that were suggested to be involved in E2-caused gonadal Feminization and genes being dramatically up or down-regulated by E2. Fifteen genes were demonstrated to be responsive to E2, in turn ER antagonist blocked the E2-regulated transcription. Finally, we identified 10 genes that can bind to ERα by a chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR. Taken together, we identified the 10 genes that contain predicted ERE sequences, are responsive to estrogen and ER antagonist, and have ability to bind to ER as ER target genes, including pglyrp2, apoa1, fgb, tdo2, ca6, nags, cpb2, tmprss6, nudc, zwilch. Our results could help to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms for gonadal Feminization caused by estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in X. laevis, and even in other species.
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transcriptomic analysis identifies early cellular and molecular events by which estrogen disrupts testis differentiation and causes Feminization in xenopus laevis
Aquatic Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Yanping Shen, Man Cai, Zhanfen QinAbstract:Abstract Extensive studies have shown that estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt testis differentiation and even cause Feminization in vertebrates. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which estrogenic EDCs disrupt testis differentiation. Here, we employed Xenopus laevis, a model amphibian species sensitive to estrogenic EDCs, to explore the molecular and cellular events by which 17β-estradiol (E2) disrupts testis differentiation and causes Feminization. Following waterborne exposure to E2 from stage 45/46, genetically male X. laevis were confirmed to undergo testis differentiation inhibition and ovary differentiation activation at stages 52 and 53, ultimately displaying gonadal Feminization at stage 66. Using a time-course RNA sequencing approach, we then identified thousands of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in genetically male gonad-mesonephros complexes at stages 48, 50 and 52 (the window for testis differentiation) between E2 treatment and the control. Enrichment analysis suggests alterations in cell proliferation, extracellular matrix, and cell motility following E2 exposure. Further verification by multiple methods demonstrated that E2 inhibited cell proliferation, disrupted extracellular matrix, and altered cell motility in the genetically male gonads compared with controls, implying that these events together contributed to testis differentiation disruptions and Feminization in X. laevis. This study for the first time uncovered some of the early molecular and cellular events by which estrogen disrupts testicular differentiation and causes Feminization in X. laevis. These new findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which estrogenic EDCs disrupt testicular differentiation in vertebrates.
Ada S Cheung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A systematic review of antiandrogens and Feminization in transgender women.
Clinical Endocrinology, 2020Co-Authors: Lachlan M Angus, Brendan J Nolan, Jeffrey D Zajac, Ada S CheungAbstract:Antiandrogens are frequently used with estradiol in transgender women seeking Feminization. Antiandrogens act by various mechanisms to decrease the production or effects of testosterone, but it is unclear which antiandrogen is most effective at Feminization. A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. We searched online databases (Medline, Embase and PsycINFO) and references of relevant articles for studies of antiandrogens in transgender women aged 16+ years to achieve Feminization (namely changes in breast size, body composition, facial or body hair) or changes in serum total testosterone concentration when compared to placebo, estradiol alone or an alternative antiandrogen. Four studies fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in a narrative review. The addition of cyproterone acetate, leuprolide and medroxyprogesterone acetate may be more effective than spironolactone or estradiol alone at suppressing the serum total testosterone concentration. Body composition changes appear similar in transgender women treated with estradiol and additional cyproterone acetate or leuprolide. No eligible studies adequately evaluated the effects of antiandrogens on breast development or facial and body hair reduction. It remains unclear which antiandrogen is most effective at achieving Feminization. Cyproterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate and leuprolide may be more effective than spironolactone at suppressing the serum total testosterone concentration. However, due to spironolactone's antagonism of the androgen receptor, it is unclear whether this results in clinically meaningful differences in Feminization. Further research with clinically meaningful endpoints is needed to optimize the use of antiandrogens in transgender women.
Yanping Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of estrogen receptor target genes involved in gonadal Feminization caused by estrogen in xenopus laevis
Aquatic Toxicology, 2021Co-Authors: Yanping Shen, Yiming Xiong, Zhanfen QinAbstract:Abstract Estrogens and estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals can cause gonadal Feminization in some vertebrates mainly through estrogen receptor (ER), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. The present study aimed to identify ER target genes involved in estrogen-caused gonadal Feminization in Xenopus laevis. Based on our recent transcriptomic data that 10 nM 17β-estradiol (E2) altered gene transcription in feminizing gonads of male X. laevis at NF stages 48, 50, and 52, we searched estrogen response element (ERE) using the Dragon ERE Finder software in the promoter region of all the E2-regulated genes. As a result, 163 genes containing ERE sequence were identified as predicted ER target genes at NF stage 50 (on the 14th day postfertilization), a crucial stage for gonadal Feminization. Then, some of these predicted ER target genes were further investigated, mainly including the genes that were suggested to be involved in E2-caused gonadal Feminization and genes being dramatically up or down-regulated by E2. Fifteen genes were demonstrated to be responsive to E2, in turn ER antagonist blocked the E2-regulated transcription. Finally, we identified 10 genes that can bind to ERα by a chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR. Taken together, we identified the 10 genes that contain predicted ERE sequences, are responsive to estrogen and ER antagonist, and have ability to bind to ER as ER target genes, including pglyrp2, apoa1, fgb, tdo2, ca6, nags, cpb2, tmprss6, nudc, zwilch. Our results could help to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms for gonadal Feminization caused by estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in X. laevis, and even in other species.
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transcriptomic analysis identifies early cellular and molecular events by which estrogen disrupts testis differentiation and causes Feminization in xenopus laevis
Aquatic Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Yanping Shen, Man Cai, Zhanfen QinAbstract:Abstract Extensive studies have shown that estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can disrupt testis differentiation and even cause Feminization in vertebrates. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which estrogenic EDCs disrupt testis differentiation. Here, we employed Xenopus laevis, a model amphibian species sensitive to estrogenic EDCs, to explore the molecular and cellular events by which 17β-estradiol (E2) disrupts testis differentiation and causes Feminization. Following waterborne exposure to E2 from stage 45/46, genetically male X. laevis were confirmed to undergo testis differentiation inhibition and ovary differentiation activation at stages 52 and 53, ultimately displaying gonadal Feminization at stage 66. Using a time-course RNA sequencing approach, we then identified thousands of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in genetically male gonad-mesonephros complexes at stages 48, 50 and 52 (the window for testis differentiation) between E2 treatment and the control. Enrichment analysis suggests alterations in cell proliferation, extracellular matrix, and cell motility following E2 exposure. Further verification by multiple methods demonstrated that E2 inhibited cell proliferation, disrupted extracellular matrix, and altered cell motility in the genetically male gonads compared with controls, implying that these events together contributed to testis differentiation disruptions and Feminization in X. laevis. This study for the first time uncovered some of the early molecular and cellular events by which estrogen disrupts testicular differentiation and causes Feminization in X. laevis. These new findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which estrogenic EDCs disrupt testicular differentiation in vertebrates.
