The Experts below are selected from a list of 2133 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Belton M Fleisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the long term health effects of Fetal Malnutrition evidence from the 1959 1961 china great leap forward famine
    2015
    Co-Authors: Seonghoon Kim, Belton M Fleisher, Jessica Ya Sun
    Abstract:

    We report evidence of long-term adverse health impacts of in utero exposure to Malnutrition based on survivors in their 50s who were born during the China Famine that occurred in the years 1959-1961. We take advantage of recently available data provided by the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to corroborate evidence supporting the Fetal Origin Hypothesis.We find that Fetal exposure to Malnutrition has large and long-lasting impacts on both physical health and cognitive abilities, including the risks of suffering a stroke, physical disabilities in speech, walking and vision, and measures of mental acuity. Our findings on the health impacts of Fetal Malnutrition on middle-age survivors suggest that it would be desirable to trace the changes of health status of the famine survivors as they age into later life stages. We suspect that such further study would support the lifetime benefits of in utero and early infancy health interventions that extend through the life cycle in the form of avoiding both physical and mental impairment.

  • the china great leap forward famine the lasting impact of parents Fetal Malnutrition on their offspring
    World Development, 2014
    Co-Authors: Seonghoon Kim, Quheng Deng, Belton M Fleisher
    Abstract:

    * We thank Audrey Light, Trevon Logan, Nancy Qian, and Richard Steckel for valuable comments, and the China Health and Nutrition Survey, funded by NIH (R01-HD30880, DK056350, and R01-HD38700), and the Carolina Population Center and the Chinese CDC for providing these data. Members of the Friday Working Group, Will McGuire, Kerry Tan, and Kent Zhao patiently listened to many presentations of the material and made valuable comments throughout.

  • the lasting impact of mothers Fetal Malnutrition on their offspring evidence from the china great leap forward famine
    2010
    Co-Authors: Seonghoon Kim, Quheng Deng, Belton M Fleisher
    Abstract:

    We find that second-generation effects of in utero and early childhood Malnutrition on the school participation of the offspring of mothers who experienced the China Great Leap Forward Famine. The direct impact on entrance to senior high school is also negative, but smaller in magnitude than that on entrance to junior high school. Given that entering senior high school is contingent on completion of junior high school, the direct impact on entrance to senior high school obviously understates the total impact on the second generation's accumulation of human capital. Our estimation results are generally robust to IV estimation.

  • the china great leap forward famine the lasting impact of mothers Fetal Malnutrition on their offspring
    2010
    Co-Authors: Belton M Fleisher, Seonghoon Kim
    Abstract:

    Mothers born around the China Great Leap Forward Famine (famine-born mothers) are likely to have worse adult outcomes due to a negative relationship between Fetal Malnutrition and their health and cognitive ability. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, I investigate whether famine-born mothers transmit less human capital to their offspring through various channels, including less cognitive ability and other innate traits and by the choice of less investment in children’s human capital. My study also focuses on possible gender differences in these effects. I find that in-utero famine experience of famine-born mothers is negatively related to the education and labor outcomes of their offspring. However, female children are less affected by mothers’ famine experience than are men. This outcome suggests that Trivers-Willard (1973) effects dominate parental-choice effects despite the well-known son-preference of China.

Seonghoon Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the long term health effects of Fetal Malnutrition evidence from the 1959 1961 china great leap forward famine
    2015
    Co-Authors: Seonghoon Kim, Belton M Fleisher, Jessica Ya Sun
    Abstract:

    We report evidence of long-term adverse health impacts of in utero exposure to Malnutrition based on survivors in their 50s who were born during the China Famine that occurred in the years 1959-1961. We take advantage of recently available data provided by the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to corroborate evidence supporting the Fetal Origin Hypothesis.We find that Fetal exposure to Malnutrition has large and long-lasting impacts on both physical health and cognitive abilities, including the risks of suffering a stroke, physical disabilities in speech, walking and vision, and measures of mental acuity. Our findings on the health impacts of Fetal Malnutrition on middle-age survivors suggest that it would be desirable to trace the changes of health status of the famine survivors as they age into later life stages. We suspect that such further study would support the lifetime benefits of in utero and early infancy health interventions that extend through the life cycle in the form of avoiding both physical and mental impairment.

  • the china great leap forward famine the lasting impact of parents Fetal Malnutrition on their offspring
    World Development, 2014
    Co-Authors: Seonghoon Kim, Quheng Deng, Belton M Fleisher
    Abstract:

    * We thank Audrey Light, Trevon Logan, Nancy Qian, and Richard Steckel for valuable comments, and the China Health and Nutrition Survey, funded by NIH (R01-HD30880, DK056350, and R01-HD38700), and the Carolina Population Center and the Chinese CDC for providing these data. Members of the Friday Working Group, Will McGuire, Kerry Tan, and Kent Zhao patiently listened to many presentations of the material and made valuable comments throughout.

  • the lasting impact of mothers Fetal Malnutrition on their offspring evidence from the china great leap forward famine
    2010
    Co-Authors: Seonghoon Kim, Quheng Deng, Belton M Fleisher
    Abstract:

    We find that second-generation effects of in utero and early childhood Malnutrition on the school participation of the offspring of mothers who experienced the China Great Leap Forward Famine. The direct impact on entrance to senior high school is also negative, but smaller in magnitude than that on entrance to junior high school. Given that entering senior high school is contingent on completion of junior high school, the direct impact on entrance to senior high school obviously understates the total impact on the second generation's accumulation of human capital. Our estimation results are generally robust to IV estimation.

  • the china great leap forward famine the lasting impact of mothers Fetal Malnutrition on their offspring
    2010
    Co-Authors: Belton M Fleisher, Seonghoon Kim
    Abstract:

    Mothers born around the China Great Leap Forward Famine (famine-born mothers) are likely to have worse adult outcomes due to a negative relationship between Fetal Malnutrition and their health and cognitive ability. Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, I investigate whether famine-born mothers transmit less human capital to their offspring through various channels, including less cognitive ability and other innate traits and by the choice of less investment in children’s human capital. My study also focuses on possible gender differences in these effects. I find that in-utero famine experience of famine-born mothers is negatively related to the education and labor outcomes of their offspring. However, female children are less affected by mothers’ famine experience than are men. This outcome suggests that Trivers-Willard (1973) effects dominate parental-choice effects despite the well-known son-preference of China.

Toshi Shioda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dna methylome of human neonatal umbilical cord enrichment of differentially methylated regions compared to umbilical cord blood dna at transcription factor genes involved in body patterning and effects of maternal folate deficiency or children s sex
    PLOS ONE, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Sakurai, Keiko Shioda, Akifumi Eguchi, Masahiro Watanabe, Hidenori Miyaso, Chisato Mori, Toshi Shioda
    Abstract:

    The DOHaD (developmental origins of health and disease) hypothesis claims that Fetal Malnutrition or exposure to environmental pollutants may affect their lifelong health. Epigenetic changes may play significant roles in DOHaD; however, access to human fetuses for research has ethical and technical hurdles. Umbilical cord blood (CB) has been commonly used as an epigenetic surrogate of fetuses, but it does not provide direct evidence of Fetal exposure to pollutants. Here, we propose umbilical cord tissue (UC), which accumulates substances delivered to fetuses during gestation, as an alternative surrogate for epigenetic studies on fetuses. To explore the feasibility to examine UC epigenome by deep sequencing, we determined CpG methylation profiles of human postnatal UC by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Principal component analysis clearly separated the DNA methylomes of UC and CB pairs isolated from the same newborn (n = 10). Although all UC chromosomes were modestly hypomethylated compared to CB chromosomes, GO analysis revealed strong enrichment of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at promoter-associated CpG islands in the HOX gene clusters and other genes encoding transcription factors involved in determination of the body pattern. DNA methylomes of UC autosomes were largely comparable between males and females. Deficiency of folate during pregnancy has been suggested to affect Fetal DNA methylation to cause congenital anomalies. Whereas DNA methylome of UC was not significantly affected by early-gestational (12 weeks) low levels of maternal plasma folate ( 19 ng/mL, n = 10), two specific loci of LTR12C endogenous retroviruses in chromosome 12 were significantly hypermethylated in the low-folate group. Our study suggests that UC is useful as an alternative surrogate for studying environmental effects on DNA methylation in human fetuses, compensating CB by providing additional information about epigenetic regulation of genes involved in developmental body patterning and endogenous retroviruses.

  • DNA methylome of human neonatal umbilical cord: Enrichment of differentially methylated regions compared to umbilical cord blood DNA at transcription factor genes involved in body patterning and effects of maternal folate deficiency or children’s sex
    2019
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Sakurai, Keiko Shioda, Akifumi Eguchi, Masahiro Watanabe, Hidenori Miyaso, Chisato Mori, Toshi Shioda
    Abstract:

    The DOHaD (developmental origins of health and disease) hypothesis claims that Fetal Malnutrition or exposure to environmental pollutants may affect their lifelong health. Epigenetic changes may play significant roles in DOHaD; however, access to human fetuses for research has ethical and technical hurdles. Umbilical cord blood (CB) has been commonly used as an epigenetic surrogate of fetuses, but it does not provide direct evidence of Fetal exposure to pollutants. Here, we propose umbilical cord tissue (UC), which accumulates substances delivered to fetuses during gestation, as an alternative surrogate for epigenetic studies on fetuses. To explore the feasibility to examine UC epigenome by deep sequencing, we determined CpG methylation profiles of human postnatal UC by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Principal component analysis clearly separated the DNA methylomes of UC and CB pairs isolated from the same newborn (n = 10). Although all UC chromosomes were modestly hypomethylated compared to CB chromosomes, GO analysis revealed strong enrichment of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at promoter-associated CpG islands in the HOX gene clusters and other genes encoding transcription factors involved in determination of the body pattern. DNA methylomes of UC autosomes were largely comparable between males and females. Deficiency of folate during pregnancy has been suggested to affect Fetal DNA methylation to cause congenital anomalies. Whereas DNA methylome of UC was not significantly affected by early-gestational (12 weeks) low levels of maternal plasma folate (< 8 ng/ml, n = 10) compared to controls (>19 ng/mL, n = 10), two specific loci of LTR12C endogenous retroviruses in chromosome 12 were significantly hypermethylated in the low-folate group. Our study suggests that UC is useful as an alternative surrogate for studying environmental effects on DNA methylation in human fetuses, compensating CB by providing additional information about epigenetic regulation of genes involved in developmental body patterning and endogenous retroviruses.

Kenichi Sakurai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dna methylome of human neonatal umbilical cord enrichment of differentially methylated regions compared to umbilical cord blood dna at transcription factor genes involved in body patterning and effects of maternal folate deficiency or children s sex
    PLOS ONE, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Sakurai, Keiko Shioda, Akifumi Eguchi, Masahiro Watanabe, Hidenori Miyaso, Chisato Mori, Toshi Shioda
    Abstract:

    The DOHaD (developmental origins of health and disease) hypothesis claims that Fetal Malnutrition or exposure to environmental pollutants may affect their lifelong health. Epigenetic changes may play significant roles in DOHaD; however, access to human fetuses for research has ethical and technical hurdles. Umbilical cord blood (CB) has been commonly used as an epigenetic surrogate of fetuses, but it does not provide direct evidence of Fetal exposure to pollutants. Here, we propose umbilical cord tissue (UC), which accumulates substances delivered to fetuses during gestation, as an alternative surrogate for epigenetic studies on fetuses. To explore the feasibility to examine UC epigenome by deep sequencing, we determined CpG methylation profiles of human postnatal UC by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Principal component analysis clearly separated the DNA methylomes of UC and CB pairs isolated from the same newborn (n = 10). Although all UC chromosomes were modestly hypomethylated compared to CB chromosomes, GO analysis revealed strong enrichment of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at promoter-associated CpG islands in the HOX gene clusters and other genes encoding transcription factors involved in determination of the body pattern. DNA methylomes of UC autosomes were largely comparable between males and females. Deficiency of folate during pregnancy has been suggested to affect Fetal DNA methylation to cause congenital anomalies. Whereas DNA methylome of UC was not significantly affected by early-gestational (12 weeks) low levels of maternal plasma folate ( 19 ng/mL, n = 10), two specific loci of LTR12C endogenous retroviruses in chromosome 12 were significantly hypermethylated in the low-folate group. Our study suggests that UC is useful as an alternative surrogate for studying environmental effects on DNA methylation in human fetuses, compensating CB by providing additional information about epigenetic regulation of genes involved in developmental body patterning and endogenous retroviruses.

  • DNA methylome of human neonatal umbilical cord: Enrichment of differentially methylated regions compared to umbilical cord blood DNA at transcription factor genes involved in body patterning and effects of maternal folate deficiency or children’s sex
    2019
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Sakurai, Keiko Shioda, Akifumi Eguchi, Masahiro Watanabe, Hidenori Miyaso, Chisato Mori, Toshi Shioda
    Abstract:

    The DOHaD (developmental origins of health and disease) hypothesis claims that Fetal Malnutrition or exposure to environmental pollutants may affect their lifelong health. Epigenetic changes may play significant roles in DOHaD; however, access to human fetuses for research has ethical and technical hurdles. Umbilical cord blood (CB) has been commonly used as an epigenetic surrogate of fetuses, but it does not provide direct evidence of Fetal exposure to pollutants. Here, we propose umbilical cord tissue (UC), which accumulates substances delivered to fetuses during gestation, as an alternative surrogate for epigenetic studies on fetuses. To explore the feasibility to examine UC epigenome by deep sequencing, we determined CpG methylation profiles of human postnatal UC by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Principal component analysis clearly separated the DNA methylomes of UC and CB pairs isolated from the same newborn (n = 10). Although all UC chromosomes were modestly hypomethylated compared to CB chromosomes, GO analysis revealed strong enrichment of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at promoter-associated CpG islands in the HOX gene clusters and other genes encoding transcription factors involved in determination of the body pattern. DNA methylomes of UC autosomes were largely comparable between males and females. Deficiency of folate during pregnancy has been suggested to affect Fetal DNA methylation to cause congenital anomalies. Whereas DNA methylome of UC was not significantly affected by early-gestational (12 weeks) low levels of maternal plasma folate (< 8 ng/ml, n = 10) compared to controls (>19 ng/mL, n = 10), two specific loci of LTR12C endogenous retroviruses in chromosome 12 were significantly hypermethylated in the low-folate group. Our study suggests that UC is useful as an alternative surrogate for studying environmental effects on DNA methylation in human fetuses, compensating CB by providing additional information about epigenetic regulation of genes involved in developmental body patterning and endogenous retroviruses.

Quheng Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.